The 14th Five-year-Plan Period is the “Five Period Overlapping” for the transformation and upgrading, high-quality development, and sustainable development of natural resources in Tibet, that means critical period, promotion period, transformation period, deepening period, and tackling period. In view of the new situation faced by the protection and utilization of natural resources, in the coming period, Tibet will focus on the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development based on its natural resources endowment, and actively play a supporting role of natural resources to strengthen the firm national and ecological security barriers. This article describes the current situation of the protection and utilization of natural resources in Tibet, cites typical cases, analyzes opportunities and challenges, and explores the significance and general requirements for the optimal development of natural resource protection and utilization in Tibet. It also puts forward the development direction of natural resources protection and utilization in Tibet from six aspects, which include ecological civilization construction, conservation and intensive utilization of natural resources, accelerating the construction of strategic mineral resources reserve bases, optimizing the spatial pattern of national territory, improving prevention and control system of geological disaster, and deepening the reforms in the field of natural resources. It aims to contribute natural resources to the high-quality development of Tibet, and provide powerful natural resources support and guarantee for serving “Four Foundations” of Tibet.

Energy storage technology as a key support technology for China’s new energy development, the demand for critical metal minerals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel is growing rapidly. However, these minerals have high external dependence and concentrated import sources, increasing the supply risk caused by geopolitics. It is necessary to evaluate the supply risks of critical metal minerals caused by geopolitics to provide a basis for the high-quality development of energy storage technology in China. Based on geopolitical data of eight countries from 2012 to 2020, the evaluation indicators such as geopolitical stability, supply concentration, bilateral institutional relationship, and country risk index were selected to analyze the supply risk of three critical metal minerals, and TOPSIS was applied to construct an evaluation model for the supply risk of critical metal minerals of lithium, cobalt, and nickel in China. The results show that from 2012 to 2017, the security index of cobalt and lithium resources is between .6 and .8, which is in a relatively safe state, while the security index of nickel resources is .2–.4, which is in an unsafe state. From 2017 to 2020, lithium resources remain relatively safe, and the security index of nickel has also risen to between .6 and .7, which is generally in a relatively safe state. However, the security index of cobalt has dropped to .2, which is in an unsafe or extremely unsafe state. Therefore, China needs to pay attention to the safe supply of cobalt resources and formulate relevant strategies to support the large-scale development of energy storage technology.

In this paper, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial functions were applied to analyze the en-vironmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of carbon emissions in Hebei Province. The improved STIRPAT model was also applied to assess the driving factors and reduction paths for carbon emissions in Hebei Province. The results lead to three main conclusions. Firstly, carbon emissions and economic growth in Hebei Province are in a positive cor- relation stage which has not formed the EKC curve, and the "decoupling" stage between carbon emissions and economic growth has not arrived yet. Secondly, the industrial structure, per capita GDP, fixed assets investment, population size and urbanization rate account for the highest proportion of carbon emissions. Carbon emissions can be reduced greatly by changing the energy structure, in which the proportion of coal is decreased year by year. Environmental regulation also has an obvious effect on the reduction of carbon emissions. Thirdly, it is suggested that the reduction of carbon emissions in Hebei Province should focus on four tasks: controlling the development of heavy industry, avoiding overcapacity, optimizing the industrial structure and accelerating the de-velopment of clean energy.

The low-carbon transition of the power system is essential for China to achieve peak carbon and carbon neutrality. However, China could suffer power shortages due to radical policies in some extreme cases. The gap between power demand and supply from March 2021 to November 2021 ranged between 5.2 billion kW·h and 24.6 billion kW·h. The main reason for the power shortage was over-reliance on renewable energy and insufficient coal power supply for the power system. The low-carbon transformation path of the electric system needs to be explored with more flexibility for power security. This study applied a modified LEAP model and carried out a forecast analysis of thermal power generation and installed capacity in 2025 and 2030 under normal and extreme weather scenarios. The results suggested that: the installed capacity of thermal power will need to account for about 44.6–46.1% of power generation in 2025 and 37.4–39.3% in 2030, with the assumption of power shortages caused by the instability and uncertainty of renewable power. In the future, China needs to pursue the development of diversified energy sources and enhance the power supply security capability while strengthening the development and utilization of renewable energy.

有色金属工业作为高能耗、高排放的工业部门,低碳化是可持续发展的关键,也是中国实现2030碳达峰目标的重点行业之一.本文以有色金属产业链内各环节为研究重点,用CO2排放量和碳排放强度等指标,对比分析中国省域有色金属不同生产环节碳排放时空演变特征;构建包含非期望产出的超效率DEA模型,通过求解目标函数最优值,测算出中国各省(区、市)有色金属不同生产环节潜在的碳减排规模.研究表明:①从产业链内部看,2006-2016年,有色金属采选业和冶炼及加工业CO2排放量均处于增加状态,碳排放强度整体稳中有降.其中,有色金属冶炼及加工业是实现碳减排目标的重点部门,共有约7143万t的减排潜力,占有色金属工业碳减排总规模的90％以上.②从区域来看,在有色金属采选环节,四川省CO:排放量较高,2016年约有97万t碳排放量的减排潜力,是有色金属采选业碳减排的重点省份.在冶炼及加工环节,广西省碳排放量和碳排放强度较高;山东省和河南省碳减排潜力较大,二省共占这一环节全国整体碳减排量的31％,潜在减排规模为1121万t和1122万t.③综合来看,内蒙古、河南和山东是有色金属工业碳减排需重点关注的地区,这三省有色金属冶炼及加工业的碳排放是整体有色金属工业碳减排目标实现的关键.通过量化评估有色金属不同生产环节和不同区域的碳减排潜力,不仅可为有色金属产业碳减排政策的制定提供依据,同时也可为各省碳减排政策的制定提供参考.

China has recently put forth an ambitious plan to achieve carbon peak around 2030 and carbon neutrality around 2060. However, there are quite a few differences regarding the public views about China’s carbon policy between the Chinese people and the people from other countries, especially concerning the doubt of foreign people about the fidelity of China’s carbon policy goals. Based on Twitter data related to China’s carbon policy topics from 2008 to 2020, this study shows the inter- and intra-annual trends in the count of tweets about China’s carbon policy, conducts sentiment analysis, extracts top frequency words from different attitudes, and analyzes the impact of China’s official Twitter accounts on the global view of China’s carbon policy. Our results show: (1) the global attention to China’s carbon policy gradually rises and occasionally rises suddenly due to important carbon events; (2) the proportion of Twitter users with negative sentiment about China’s carbon policy has increased rapidly and has exceeded the proportion of Twitter users with positive sentiment since 2019; (3) people in developing countries hold more positive or neutral attitudes towards China’s carbon policy, while developed countries hold more negative attitudes; (4) China’s official Twitter accounts serve to improve the global views on China’s carbon policy.

大湄公河次区域农业生产自然条件优越,但经济发展相对落后,农业生产对大湄公河次区域经济社会发展具有十分重要的作用。本文基于2000—2018年大湄公河次区域5国1省的面板数据,通过数据包络分析模型测算区域内农业生产效率,并从技术效率和规模效率两方面对其进行分解,分析大湄公河次区域农业生产效率的时空特征及其影响因素。研究发现:（1）2000—2018年大湄公河次区域农业生产综合效率呈现上升趋势,但效率水平整体较低。（2）农业生产综合效率空间分布整体呈现四周高、中间低特征,老挝一直是大湄公河次区域中农业生产效率最低的国家。（3）中国云南、越南、缅甸和泰国效率的提高主要依靠农业生产技术的拉动,农业生产技术对农业生产综合效率提升的贡献程度由初期的小于生产规模,逐渐转变为大于生产规模。（4）大湄公河次区域农业生产效率的时空特征是自然因素和生产要素综合影响的结果。气候水文因素是影响农业生产效率的最主要因素;随着农业生产技术的改进,地形地貌对农业生产效率的影响逐渐减弱;农业劳动力数量的增加对农业生产效率的提升作用有限;农业机械化水平与农业生产效率的时空格局呈显著正向关联。通过剖析大湄公河次区域农业生产效率时空特征及其影响因素,不仅揭示了大湄公河次区域农业生产状况,也可为区域内农业生产效率的提高提供建议。

为了应对气候变化、资源短缺与环境污染问题,各国都在积极开发清洁能源,风能作为可再生的清洁能源,得到了世界各国的高度重视.在实现2030年碳排放达峰的目标约束下,近年来,中国风电规模也处于快速增长的阶段.风力发电过程虽然不会排放温室气体和污染物,但从产业的生命周期角度分析,在设备制造、运输、安装、运行、废弃等环节也会带来一定量的温室气体和污染物的排放,因此风力发电并不是零排放的能源.本文利用全生命周期评价方法对比研究了100MW海上和陆上风电系统的全生命周期的排放情况,重点分析了不同功率风机的风电场的全生命周期温室气体排放情况,并分析了一般污染物对于环境的影响.研究结果表明:①海上风电场全生命周期温室气体排放量平均为1.49 g CO2/kWh,陆上风电场平均排放量3.62 g CO2/kWh,均远远小于传统火力发电,比较而言,在减少温室气体排放方面,海上风电系统更具优势;②在全生命周期污染物排放方面,海上风电场全生命周期污染物的排放量要小于陆上风电场,且具有更短的能源回报时间,经济效益更高,对环境更友好;③在全生命周期中,风机的生产过程所产生的温室气体排放占到总温室气体排放的40％以上,同时风机生产所排放的污染物对于环境的负面影响最大,约占整个生命周期影响的50％以上;④配备更大功率的风机将有助于减少温室气体和污染物的排放.研究结果可为减少环境污染、实现碳排放达峰目标提供参考依据.

判别云南自由贸易试验区与广西自由贸易试验区面向东盟的开放过程中形成的地缘关系是竞争还是互利共生,对云桂两地自贸试验区建设及其协同发展意义重大.该文援引和改进种群生态学中的二维Lotka-Volterra模型,借助贸易数据并加入外部影响因素GDP,测度和判别了面向东盟的云南与广西自贸试验区之间的地缘关系是竞争还是共生.结果表明:1)云南和广西自贸试验区与东盟的贸易增长动力强劲,与东盟的经贸合作发展潜力和空间巨大.2)面向东盟的云南与广西自贸试验区之间的地缘关系是互利共生关系,云南与广西之间长期存在的谁是面向东盟的龙头和门户的地位之争是个伪命题.3)GDP对面向东盟的云南与广西自贸试验区之间形成的互利共生型地缘关系具有重要的促进作用.云桂自贸试验区建设需要国家更加健全的政策支持,需要学习、借鉴和复制其他自贸试验区经验,积极探索具有自身特色的制度创新和经营模式.

: Geopolitical risk is one of the five categories of risk identified in the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report, with significant effects on the global and regional peace, stability, and development. How to identify, measure, forecast, and manage the impact that geopolitical risks on human well-being are taken into consideration by researchers worldwide. Global scientific researchers have not yet reached a consensus on the definition of geopolitical risks. Geopolitical risk research has made notable progress in the fields of 1) analyzing the causal factors of geopolitical risks; 2) identifying the impact of geopolitical risks; and 3) measuring and mapping geopolitical risks. Considering the fact that challenges come from the spatiotemporal differences and variability of geopolitical risk factors, the complexity of the various risk causing factors on interaction and response mechanisms, and the unpredictability and uncertainty of geopolitical risks, geopolitical risk research has made further progress on the following frontier issues: 1) identification of geopolitical risk causing factors; 2) occurrence mechanism of geopolitical risks; and 3) monitoring and simulation of geopolitical risks. Future directions of geopolitical risk research in China include: 1) research on national geo- security with spatial differentiation, especially forthesurrounding areas of China; 2) quantitative reconstruction and numerical simulation of the geopolitical risks across multiple scales and multiple geo-factors; 3) new computation ways supporting the interaction of other scientific disciplines and the use of big data, and new platform integrating early warning of geopolitical risks; 4) focusing on scientific issues and promoting the ability of theoretical and practical research output in dealing with geopolitical issues.

地缘政治学和地缘经济学都是地缘研究中的主要分支领域.地缘经济学自其诞生之日起就与地缘政治学存在学科之争.从学科谱系看,地缘经济学和地缘政治学都属于地理学中人地关系的研究范畴,故而内含学科融合基础.本文首先对西方地缘政治学和地缘经济学的发展进行简要梳理;然后,以此为背景就地缘经济学和地缘政治学之间存在的前者取代或从属于后者、以及两者相互依赖等学科之争进行分析;在此基础上,对地缘政治学与地缘经济学在理论基础、理论概念指向、理论核心内涵本质上的趋同探讨了两者学科融合的学理基础.研究认为:①地缘经济学是对地缘政治学研究视角的一种丰富;②地缘经济学是对地缘政治学价值立场的一种变换;③地缘经济学是对地缘政治学学术功能的一种补充.

在百年未有之大变局的背景下,我国当前所面临的能源形势日趋复杂,能源安全愈加成为攸关国家经济发展的重大战略.新形势下,无论是学科层面上世界能源地理与国家能源安全的科学问题、研究对象、研究方法等,还是国家现实需求上全球能源治理体系与国际能源合作等问题,都亟待专家学者们深入交流与讨论.通过"一问一答"的访谈方式,展示主持人与九位学界或业界访谈嘉宾基于不同视角的问答内容.分别围绕能源安全的内涵与全球能源治理模式、我国能源安全面临的挑战与对策、全球能源地缘政治形势的新变化、世界能源生产空间和消费空间不平等地理格局下的能源安全、全球能源低碳转型趋势下的中国能源高质量发展、重大突发公共卫生事件影响下的全球能源供需格局变化、未来能源地理学的研究前景与重要研究方向等一系列内容发表观点.以期达成一定共识,从而更好地研讨世界能源地理学的关键问题,并积极应对世界能源的百年变局,提出保障国家能源安全的应对措施等.

制衡中国在中南半岛国家的影响力是美国、日本、印度等域外大国介入中南半岛国家事务的主要战略目标.科学合理地测度中国和域外大国在中南半岛国家影响力的变化,既是对中国崛起所处地缘环境准确认识的需要,也是中国周边地缘关系研究的重要议题.本文基于国家间实力比例关系和不对称依赖关系,构建了国家对外影响力模型,定量测度了2000～2018年中美日印四国对中南半岛国家影响力.研究结果表明:第一,中国对中南半岛国家影响力呈持续上升趋势,美国和日本总体上呈下降趋势,印度相对稳定;第二,中国对老挝和缅甸的影响力在2012年和2016年均出现了下降,同时期的美国、日本和印度对老挝和缅甸的影响力并没有提升,表明中国与美日印对中南半岛国家影响力变化并不存在“我降—你升”的逻辑关系;第三,美日印三国在体系和战略层面给中国对外影响力带来了一些压力,在中南半岛国家层面上对中国影响力提升的影响有限;第四,国家间实力地位高低是决定国家对外影响力大小的主导因素,不对称依赖中获得的影响力大小是决定国家对外影响力大小的制约因素.

采用文献调研与实地调研相结合、部门座谈与专家访谈相结合、系统梳理与规范分析相结合的方法,在系统梳理我国矿业权与自然保护地矛盾问题政策演进历程基础上,深入剖析矛盾背后的深层次原因,提出改进策略.研究表明,由于矿业权退出补偿、保护地划定管理、部门规划协调与信息共享等制度尚不完善,造成矿业权与保护地矛盾突出.为解决这些问题,须按照依法行政要求,推动矿业权分类处置、逐步退出;建立健全矿业权退出补偿制度,妥善解决后续问题;扎实推进保护地优化调整工作,建立健全自然保护地动态调整和差别化准入机制;建立以县域规划为基础、省市县三级统一的规划数据库平台,实现信息共享.

地缘政治环境具有不确定性,难以用简约化理论和量化手段来应对,故尝试运用情景分析法来阐释其在地缘政治环境中的适用性.情景分析法是一种对未来可能出现的多种状况进行描述的方法,具有应对地缘政治环境的不确定性和弥补简约化理论解释和预测能力不足的功能.基于地缘政治想象,地缘政治行为主体进行的地缘政治实践改变了既有地缘政治状态的结果,从而引起地缘政治环境的变化.以此为背景将情景分析法应用于分析中国周边地缘政治环境,预测可能会出现中美竞合、中美俄日印五强博弈、部分周边国家游离于大国间、朝越菲等弱国逞强等四种常规情景和领土争端引发领土战争、美国军事手段消除朝鲜核威慑、朝鲜半岛冲突引发大国对抗等三种突发情景以及“一带一路”倡议下的周边命运共同体情景.

全球缺乏权威、统一和协调的能源治理机构,治理架构一直处于碎片化状态。国际能源署（IEA）和石油输出国组织（OPEC）是当前最有影响力的全球能源治理机构,分别代表能源消费国和能源出口国,各自存在明显的缺陷;国际能源论坛（IEF）虽然为能源生产国和消费国搭建了交流平台,但仅限于对话机制,缺乏相应的组织架构和约束机制;能源宪章条约（ECT）早期主要局限于欧洲,且缺乏生产大国和消费大国的参与;而7国集团（G7）和20国集团（G20）等更多的是高层协调作用,缺乏现实操作性。中国如何在当前的全球能源治理架构下发挥作用、参与治理?本文提出以转型后的能源宪章条约,即国际能源宪章条约（IECT）为基础,以"一带一路"为依托,以能源互联网为切入点,通过参与—加入—改造—重塑的路径,发挥中国能源消费大国的作用,完善全球能源治理体系,最终实现更加公平合理的全球能源治理体系。

贸易关系可用来刻画中国与周边国家地缘经济关系的双向互动.本文通过构建源一汇互动矩阵分析框架,借助商品贸易数据,从出口与进口两个断面,选取偏好率、市场占有率和集中度3个指标分析了中国与周边国家地缘经济关系双向互动时序变化.结果 表明:①周边国家出口到中国偏好率整体上升,且高于中国出口到周边国家偏好率;②中国出口到周边国家市场占有率远高于周边国家出口到中国市场占有率;③周边国家从中国进口偏好率高于中国从周边国家进口偏好率,中国从周边国家进口的偏好率主要集中在周边发达国家以及部分东盟国家;④中国从周边国家进口市场占有率总体上呈增长趋势,且高于周边国家从中国进口市场占有率;⑤中国与周边国家地缘经济关系双向互动主要集中在日本、韩国和新加坡等发展经济体以及东盟中的经济发展水平较高国家.周边国家和地区经济发展水平差异巨大,需要进一步探讨中国与周边国家和地区的地缘经济合作差异和演化规律,服务于“一带一路”建设和提升“周边是首要”的地缘边际效应.

This paper aims to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions in Laos by accounting for the significant role played by foreign direct investment (FDI) in influencing CO2 emissions during the period 1990–2017. We apply a Johansen co-integration testing approach to investigate the presence of co-integration, and the empirical findings underscore the presence of a long-run co-integration relationship between CO2 emissions, FDI, per capita GDP, and industrial structure. We also employ an error-correcting model to examine the short-term dynamic effect of FDI on CO2 emissions. The empirical results show that FDI has a significant short-term dynamic effect on changes in CO2 emissions, indicating that the relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions is an inverted U-shaped curve. This is a validation of the EKC. Changes of FDI, per capita GDP, and industrial structure increase CO2 emissions. Based on the analysis results, this paper puts forward policy suggestions emphasizing the need for both Laotian policymakers and Chinese investors to improve eco-environmental quality.

Price changes in the non-ferrous metal industry affect economic development, especially in resource-rich regions. However, the degree of price fluctuation differs among sectors in this industry. These differences would mislead policy makers on formulating policy about the long-term development of economic and industry. Existing studies do not present the whole feature picture regarding the effects of price changes in the non-ferrous metal industry. This paper analyzes the segmented effects of prices in the non-ferrous metal industry chain on economic development in Yunnan province, China. The effects caused by price changes in the mining, smelting, and processing sectors were studied using a static computable general equilibrium model with a looping algorithm to avoid omitting the key point of price. Furthermore, the relationships between sectors are discussed by categorizing the effects into crowding-out and pulling effects. Considering the situation of non-ferrous industry in China, the scenarios of price change between −30% and 30% in different sectors of the non-ferrous metal industry were developed. The results show that decreases in the smelting price benefit regional economic development and international trade. Price changes in the mid-stream smelting sector generate more pulling effects than changes in other sectors. This suggests that regional economic development can be promoted by adjusting the smelting price of non-ferrous metals in regions with abundant non-ferrous metal resources. Moreover, as price changes bring different crowding-out and pulling effects among sectors, new price-related policies should consider the effects on other sectors of the industry.

基于地缘政治视角,分析 21世纪初发生在原苏联地区"颜色革命"的诱发因素,认为美国根据其地缘战略格局对"颜色革命"发生地存在一定程度的主观选择性,国家内部经济、政治、社会等层面的矛盾也同样作为发生背景.在中亚地缘格局动态分析的基础上,结合中亚五国形势,从时间和空间双重维度对中亚地区未来发生"颜色革命"的可能性进行识别与评判,得出:整体来看,中亚近期内爆发"颜色革命"可能性较小,但从长远来看不能掉以轻心:土国、乌国未来稳定可期,塔国、吉国、哈国需谨防"颜色革命"卷土重来.