As an important part of health industry,wellness tourism plays an important role in health care,rehabilitation and convalescence.Based on the two databases of"Web of Science"and"China National Knowledge Infrastructure",this paper makes a comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign wellness tourism study from research field,research content and research methods.The research on wellness tourism in China started late,and the related research lags be-hind,meanwhile,there is a big gap with the booming practice of wellness tourism in China.Based on the related literature review at home and abroad,this paper puts forward the future re-search topics,mainly include construction of the theoretical system of Chinese wellness tourism,motivation differences and demand characteristics of wellness tourists,factors and product mod-els of wellness tourism development,evaluation of the effect of wellness tourism,as well as the mechanism of wellness tourism intervention in place and community development.
The Middle East is an important node area of"One Belt and One Road"initiative.A profound analysis of its complex geo-setting and driving mechanism is of great significance to safeguarding economic interests,improving"great power status"and international Influence of China.This study analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution of the geo-setting of the Middle East,and the mechanism of spatial disparity as well.The results show that:(1)Taking the"Arab Spring"in 2010 as the"turning point",the evolution of the geo-setting in the Middle East can be divided into two stages:a period of mild fluctuations(2000-2009)and a period of severe fluctua-tions(2010-2020).(2)From 2000 to 2020,the geopolitical structure of the Middle East has tran-sitioned from"one core"where Iraq is in an advantage position into"one core"dominated by Iran.The geo-setting has evolved from"higher in the west and lower in the east,higher in the center"to"higher in the east and lower in the west,higher in the north and lower in the south"spatial patterns,and the trend of"advancing east"is obvious.In 2020,high-value areas of geo-setting were distributed in northern and eastern countries such as Iran,Turkey,UAE,Saudi Ara-bia and Kuwait,while low-value areas of geo-setting were concentrated in southern and western countries such as Yemen,Syria,Iraq,Jordan and Lebanon.(3)The driving mechanism of geo-setting in the Middle East involves natural environmental,political and military relations and economic relations,economic structure,space structure,America and Russia's Game of Strategy and Interests in the Middle East.Among them,natural environmental acts as the supporting force;political and military relations,economic relations and economic structure act as the driv-ing forces;space structure acts as the friction force;American-Russian game acts as the motive force.Geo-setting evolution is the result of the combined action of internal and external factors.
Based on the input-output perspective,this paper constructs an input-output evalua-tion index system of technological innovation efficiency and integrates the super-efficient SBM model combined with Malmquist index,coefficient of variation and spatial Gini coefficient,Mo-ran index,fixed effect panel model and other analytical methods to deeply explore the spatial variation of technological innovation efficiency and the influencing factors of 41 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2007-2017.The results show that ① the innovation efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and the three provinces and one city show an overall trend of growth,and technological progress has a great role in promoting the improve-ment of urban innovation efficiency;② the degree of spatial differentiation of technological in-novation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region has weakened,the spatial differences be-tween different cities have gradually decreased,and technological innovation activities have tended to be balanced.However,the spatial auto-correlation is unstable,there are leaps in some areas,and there are positive or negative spatial spillover effects.③ The number of students per million higher education institutions,Internet usage,and total passenger transportation have sig-nificant positive effects on technological innovation efficiency,while the proportion of second-ary industry output to GDP has significant negative effects on technological innovation efficien-cy in the Yangtze River Delta.Through this study,the spatial distribution characteristics and in-fluencing factors of the technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region are explored,which provides a scientific basis for the construction of the Yangtze River Delta region-al science and technology innovation community.
Based on the trade data between China and other G20 countries from 2001 to 2019,this paper analyzed the evolution of bilateral trade pattern,analyzed the interdependence of bilat-eral trade by using trade intensity index and HM index,and analyzed the trade decoupling situa-tion between China and other G20 countries by using decoupling model and catch-up decoupling model.The results show that:(1)China and other G20 countries show asymmetric trade interde-pendence.China's trade intensity with other G20 countries is greater than that with China,while other G20 countries are more dependent on China's market;(2)The trade decoupling relationship between China and other G20 countries has changed from weak negative decoupling to expan-sionary negative decoupling.The trade sensitivity has decreased first and then increased.It has experienced four evolution stages:weak negative decoupling,expansionary negative decoupling,relative decoupling I and expansionary negative decoupling;(3)The United States and South Ko-rea have achieved absolute catch-up with Japan,and most countries have achieved relative catch-up with Japan and Saudi Arabia.China's economic and trade relations with other G20 countries tend to be negatively decoupled for a long time.The"relative decoupling"of China's economic and trade relations with other G20 countries exists objectively,but it will not be"fully decou-pled".China should deepen cooperation in low sensitivity areas with trade decoupled countries,tap the potential of cooperation with trade connected countries,and actively build a"decoupled discourse system"with"adjustment of interaction and dependence"as the core.
The phenomenon of urban growth and shrinkage coexist in China's rapid urbaniza-tion process,and urban shrinkage in the old industrial bases is a long-time disturbing problem.Based on the population and economic changes in cities of China's old industrial bases from 2009 to 2018,this paper analyzed the status and types of urban shrinkage and explored its influ-ence mechanism.Results show that:(1)In general,the type of urban shrinkage of the old indus-trial base cities are mainly economic shrinkage,the type of population-economic shrinkage comes second,and pure population shrinkage is relatively few.The economic shrinkage and pop-ulation-economic shrinkage cities mostly show the continuous spatial distribution,the population shrinkage type show the"dot"distribution features.(2)The shrinkage path goes as that econom-ic decline precedes population loss in most old industrial base cities,and in few old industrial base cities,population loss led to economic decline.The cities in line with the former transfor-mation path are mainly in central provinces and northeastern regions of China,while the cities in line with the latter transformation path are mainly in the northeast old industrial base.(3)The analysis of the influencing factors of old industrial base cities shows that birth rate,employment structure,industrial structure,opening-up policy,investment in science and technology affect the growth and shrinkage of urban population and economy in different directions and degrees.
The uneven development in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB)makes the changes in population and impervious surface more complex,thus affecting the economic and so-cial targets of river water resource allocation in the trans-boundary basin.This study employed remote sensed images and LandScan database to obtain impervious surface and population data,then constructed decoupling model to explore the decoupling relationship of population and im-pervious surface in LMRB from 1995 to 2015.Results showed:①Impervious surface expansion intensity is bigger than population growth intensity in basin and national level.There is a spatial dislocation between the growth intensities of population and impervious surface in provincial level.② At the basin level,the whole basin is weakly decoupled.At the national level,Thailand changes from weakly decoupled to strongly decoupled,while the other five countries remained weakly decoupled but the gap between population and impervious surface growth decreases.At the provincial level,LMB experiences the process from"weak decoupling"to"weak decoupling and strong decoupling"with the reasonable provinces increasing.③Population growth and im-pervious surface expansion accelerates industrial-domestic water consumption of the basin.In China,Lao's and Myanmar parts of the basin,population growth is the leading factor to industri-al-domestic water consumption increasing,while impervious surface expansion dominates in Vietnam.In Thailand and Cambodia parts of basin,the effect of the two factors on industrial-do-mestic water consumption diminish.Basin countries should strengthen cooperation to coordinate the relationship between population and impervious surface,and adjust their water use plans and industrial structures for a better development.
The EU has long positioned itself as a peace project,seeking to transcend the tradi-tional restrictions of geopolitics and realpolitik in order to engage in values-and norms-based so-cial reform and local governance.However,with the onset of the Arab Spring and the Ukraine crisis,the neighborhood region has become a"ring of fire",and the EU's idea and practice of neighborhood strategy have taken a significant turn.This paper mainly adopts a policy text and case study approach.Through the analysis of the EU's neighbourhood policy texts and practices,this paper argues that the EU's strategic narrative on the neighborhood has shifted from a norma-tive orientation to a security orientation,and is guided by geopolitical thinking,presenting a hier-archical order of geopolitical model,adopting a differentiated strategy for the neighborhood,and pursuing its own geostrategic interests more aggressively.Overall,the change in the EU's neigh-borhood governance philosophy and practice has reduced the relevance of its norm-based associ-ation,while the practice of exclusionary competition is not only detrimental to the neighbor-hood's economic and social development,but also undermines EU's overall credibility.
The digital economy's strong permeability and ubiquitous characteristics enable it to continuously penetrate all aspects of human society's production,life,and urban governance.As an essential regional network node and a large-scale economy and population carrier,cities constantly evolve in economic,social,and spatial structure.Based on the review of the research and development of the digital economy by scholars,government,media,and industry,this pa-per reveals the status quo that the theoretical research of the digital economy lags behind the ap-plication practice.The article also proposes an understanding of the digital economy from three levels(i.e.,micro,meso,macro)and four aspects based on information technology.Based on the review of past research on information technology with urban space,the two topics of wheth-er the digital economy reduces"face-to-face"and leads to the"death of distance"are further dis-cussed.Furthermore,the article studies the digital economy and urban space network develop-ment following accessibility network with urban space,the digital economy industry with urban space,the digital economy with the urban network.It then proposes two challenges of gover-nance security and network fairness in the digital economy era.The paper finds that:(1)The process of digital economy exerting on urban space also follows the agglomeration and develop-ment laws of population and industry,and there is no evidence that it will definitely lead to the reduction of"face-to-face"and the"death of distance".(2)Accessibility networks,digital econo-my industries,and cities cyberspace have become new developments in the digital economy and urban space research.(3)Governance security and network equity are important propositions for urban space research and governance in the digital economy era.The research also discussed and put forward issues such as the development of cyberspace geography,the transformation and integration of urban digital space and physical space,and the ethical governance of the digital economy and technology.
In order to probe into the present situation of regional network attention,taking the amount of Douyin followers in 16 cities of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as the mea-surement index,the spatial differentiation pattern of urban network attention was analyzed by means of spatial correlation and nuclear density analysis,and the influencing factors were dis-cussed by using correlation analysis and geographical weighted regression model.The results show that:①From the perspective of the spatial differentiation pattern,t whole urban network is uneven,showing the characteristics of dual-core structure and collapse in the central region;the hierarchical division of attention is clear,showing symmetrical distribution up and down.②From the perspective of the spatial correlation pattern,the Low-Low area of total and average at-tention is continuously distributed in the southwest,and the significant Low-High area is distrib-uted around Chengdu and Chongqing,and the high value area of per capita level is Ziyang con-necting Chengdu and Chongqing.③From the perspective of spatial agglomeration pattern,the spatial pattern of the total value and average value of attention is similar to the differentiation pat-tern,and the spatial structure of per capita level is the core-peripheral structure.④From the point of view of influencing factors,network attention is positively correlated with economy,net-work,traffic development,urbanization process and population composition,and its effect has obvious spatial heterogeneity,in order to provide scientific reference for promoting urban vitali-ty and virtual economy in Chengdu and Chongqing.
Taking Hainan Island as a case and using the panel data of population,economics and social infrastructure from national census and public reports of the 18 cities and counties,this paper examined the spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics and its influencing factors of registered population urbanization in 2000-2018 utilized the methods of spatial autocorrelation and multi-linear regression.The results shows that,firstly,the years 2004 and 2015 are both turning points for the urbanization of Hainan's registered population,which can be divided into three stages:2000-2003,2004-20014,and 2015-2018.In nearly 20 years,the urbanization level of the registered population in Hainan Island increases slowly and has achieved remarkable suc-cess,each stage shows different fluctuation features due to the changes of local policies and oth-er influencing factors;Spatially,the agglomeration features are dominated by significant discrete distribution,and the distribution pattern and agglomeration types vary greatly;Migration pre-ferred to place with higher payment,economy well-developed,better educational level,more em-ployment opportunities.However,either industry structure or investment was not as effective as hoped,which reflected some problems behind the urbanization growth.For example,the in-mi-gration in Hainan Island was mainly from rural areas,they usually cannot have the same rights as registered population.During the development of the free trade port,increasing the urbaniza-tion of registered population is significantly important for improving the urbanized quality.Therefore,it is essential to enhance the management of household registration,accelerate the ability of local urbanization in rural areas,and narrow the gap between urban and rural public services to ensure the residential living standards.
Under the background of China's proposal to build a new development pattern of"a dual cycle"dominated by domestic large cycle,regional space such as metropolitan area and ur-ban agglomeration has become an important carrier of dual cycle and a basic unit to participate in global competition,but the administrative region system barrier has not been completely bro-ken.The term"institutional distance"comes from new institutional economics.Under the realis-tic background of insufficient and unbalanced regional development and significant regional in-stitutional differences in China,"institutional distance"can be introduced into the study of re-gional economic space.The administrative division system distance can be divided into"bound-ary"and"resources".At the same time,the regional factor flow is regarded as a vector model with direction and scale,and the influence mechanism of institutional distance on regional eco-nomic integration is constructed.For further quantitative research,firstly,the evaluation index system of institutional distance is established,and multi-source big data such as population mi-gration and investment between cities are used to analyze the coupling coordination degree be-tween institutional distance and factor flow level.Based on the empirical study of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,it is found that:(1)the barrier effect of border institutional distance on capital factors is usually higher than that on people flow factors,while there is no significant difference in resource institutional distance;(2)The spatial pattern of the two types of institution-al distance is relatively similar.The coupling and coordination level in the metropolitan area is generally higher than that outside the metropolitan area,showing an obvious metropolitan area pattern;(3)There are obvious differences among the three metropolitan areas.The institutional distance barrier intensity of Shanghai metropolitan area is generally low,while that of Hangzhou metropolitan area and Nanjing metropolitan area is higher in turn.Finally,this paper puts for-ward some countermeasures,and believes that it is the key to solve the problem of weakening the institutional distance barrier of factor cross administrative region flow through the construc-tion of flexible regional institutional space"Administrative region economy"and other regional segmentation problems,and an effective governance path to promote the strengthening of region-al economic spatial ties.
Investment is one of the important forces shaping the regional economic pattern.In the network society,the status and network relations of cities have a significant impact on attract-ing investment.Based on enterprise investment data,this study builds an internal urban network of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)and invest-ment links of other domestic cities to UAMRYR,and describes its network characteristics and in-vestment spatial pattern respectively.Then,using the negative binomial regression method to an-swer the question:how do the urban network characteristics of UAMRYR affect domestic invest-ment?The results reveal:First,the network of UAMRYR presents a"hub-and-spoke"network structure centered on the provincial capital city,and there are barriers between provinces.There is obvious heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of multiplex urban networks.Second,the sources of domestic investment to UAMRYR are mainly from the eastern regions and a few from the western ones.The ability to attract investment from capital cities in UAMRYR is far better than that of other cities.Third,In-degree Centrality and Weighted In-degree Centrality symbolizing urban prestige and Out-degree Centrality symbolizing urban power have a positive impact on attracting domestic investment significantly.Network structure indicators have no sig-nificant impact on absorbing investment,which may be caused by the immature network of UAMRYR.
Indonesia is the most populous country and the largest economy in ASEAN.It is al-so the initiative of the"21st Century Maritime Silk Road".In 2019,the Indonesian government officially launched the capital relocation plan,moving the capital from Jakarta to North Penajam Paser County and Kutai Kartanegara County in East Kalimantan Province.This paper tries to use the global-nation-local multi-scale geopolitical analysis framework,and draws on the push-pull theory of population movement to analyze the background,motivation and impact of Indo-nesia's capital relocation,and explore the geopolitical impact of Indonesia's capital relocation on Indonesia's own country,Southeast Asia and the overall cooperation between China and ASEAN.The study found that the relocation of Indonesia's capital is aimed at implementing the strategies of"Global Maritime Fulcrum"and"Marine Power",satisfying the demand for bal-anced development of territorial space,and alleviating the urban construction problems of Jakar-ta.At the same time,the relocation of the capital is also faced with various obstacles and diffi-culties in terms of resources and environment,funding preparations,public opinion,laws and regulations,and the impact of the epidemic.
Since the middle of the 20th century,peace and development have been the themes of the world.The global economy has been growing at an unprecedented speed,breadth and depth,and the economic center of gravity has shifted from west to east,profoundly changing the pattern of global economic geography.In the future,a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,as well as changes in the global governance system and order,will further accelerate this change.In the face of changes unseen in a century,this paper summarized the overall evolution characteristics and patterns of global economic geography pat-tern since the middle of the 20th century.This paper concluded that the pattern of global eco-nomic geography is characterized by a gradual slowdown in growth,shift of the economic center of gravity to the east,decline in the degree of polarization,and trade as the main driver of devel-opment.Global economic geography has formed an evolutionary model of regional economic integration development,spatial spillover of regional economic development,and industrial chain linkage.In the future,the center of gravity of the global economy will continue to shift eastward,and the evolution of the global economic landscape and the transformation of the inter-national order will accelerate.Countries should work together to address global issues and pro-mote the economic and social development of mankind.
乡村旅游是我国农村转型发展的重要驱动力,同时也是"乡村振兴"战略的引领力量.随着疫情后客源市场对乡村旅游产品的需求不断扩大,对供给质量的要求不断提升,乡村旅游目的地在快速开发的过程中逐渐暴露出一系列供需错配问题,制约了乡村旅游的进一步高质量发展.将江苏省昆山市作为案例地,以游客市场调查数据为基础,采用IPA分析法和服务质量差距模型,探查乡村旅游地供需错配现象,着重从供给侧明确了昆山乡村旅游供需错配的主要表现及治理方向.文章将旅游地供需匹配治理逻辑与"乡村振兴"的目标要求融合,构建了基于乡村振兴的乡村旅游供需匹配治理逻辑框架,并据此提出了昆山乡村旅游的治理思路.研究成果对推进我国乡村旅游的高质量建设与发展具有一定参考意义.
近年来东南亚国家持续加大武器装备采购,深入分析东南亚武器贸易格局的演变特征具有重要意义.在地区和国家两个层面,从武器进口渠道、进口价值、进口类型,武器出口范围、出口价值和出口优势空间等维度,结合中心度、社团划分等社会网络分析方法,对2001-2020年东南亚武器贸易格局时空演变进行分析.结果表明:(1)东南亚武器进口渠道的多元化程度正在逐步提升,武器进口增长迅速,东南亚正成为全球武器贸易新的热点地区;(2)东南亚武器进口具有明显的空间差异,各国武器进口价值呈梯次分布,武器进口类型受国土海陆分布影响明显,海空 武器是东南亚武器采购的重点;(3)除中韩外,俄美等西方发达国家仍垄断着东南亚武器市场,这些发达国家的武器出口市场范围逐步扩大;(4)东南亚武器市场供应具有冷战时期的印记且竞争日趋激烈;(5)东南亚武器贸易网络主要包括以新加坡和美国、越南和俄罗斯、印度尼西亚和韩国、缅甸和中国为主要武器进出口国的四个社团,尽管不同时期社团内其他成员并不稳定,但总体上仍符合东西方武器贸易阵营的基本特征.最后,提出维护我国地缘安全利益的建议.
实现碳中和是应对气候问题的重要目标,现有研究缺乏对相关研究热点与演化的总结分析.本文基于文献计量分析方法,对中国知网数据库CNKI(3 674篇)和外文数据库WoS核心合集(9 733篇)中"碳中和"相关主题论文进行分析.研究发现:(1)CNKI高被引文献对技术方法类的研究少于WoS文献;(2)中外文献的作者在团队内部合作较多,团队间的合作略少;(3)地理位置较近的机构合作更多,中国的发文机构和发文量最多,但在影响力上不及美国等发达国家;(4)碳排放问题在两类文献中均为热点方向,CNKI文献侧重于碳排放因素分解与核算的研究,WoS文献更侧重于评估减排效果与研究技术方法.最后,对能源效率与能源转型、碳交易与碳税、隐含碳排放等方面的研究进行了展望.
利用2007、2010、2012、2015、2017年中国区域间非竞争型投入产出表,测算出30个省级行政区的国内价值链(NVC)与全球价值链(GVC)的参与度.在综合分析NVC、GVC参与度时空演变特征的基础上,进一步探讨NVC、GVC的耦合协调度关系.结果表明:(1)NVC参与度不断增长且趋于稳定,GVC参与度不断下降也趋于稳定;(2)东部地区省份NVC、GVC的耦合度水平呈现增长趋势,中西部地区省份NVC、GVC的耦合度水平呈现下降趋势;(3)NVC、GVC的耦合度和耦合协调度水平呈现不断增长趋势,且具有明显的空间集聚特征.本文的研究内容对推进当前"双循环"新发展格局具有重要现实指导意义.
发展权是国际法上国家、集体和个人的一项基本人权,原住民天然享有这一权利.近年来,挪威原住民不断反对政府的北极开发计划,原住民和政府间的冲突已经成为社会问题,原住民认为其经济和文化发展权利受到阻碍,原住民的发展被迫为"被开发"让步,且面临经济发展权利受到北极开发影响、绿色殖民主义的压力和文化发展权利不平等问题.通过分析可知,挪威原住民与政府产生冲突的原因在于,原住民的发展权和土地资源权利未得到挪威政府和原住民组织机构的充分保障,原住民的发展权与环境权之间存在冲突.未来,在挪威进行北极开发的进程中,原住民将会受到挪威法律更多的保护,也会受到原住民组织更多的关注,并可能获得更多的自决权和决策权,以及发展多样化经济的可能.
专业市场作为一种交易活动的空间集聚现象,在推动区域经济发展过程中发挥了重要的作用.采用2010-2019年中国31个省区的数据,对专业市场的集聚水平进行测度,并分析了专业市场的空间集聚特征;然后运用空间杜宾模型,验证了专业市场集聚对区域经济增长的空间溢出效应.研究结论如下:(1)2010-2019年中国专业市场发展存在显著的空间集聚特性,且表现出一定的自我锁定特征,"强强集聚、弱弱集聚"的格局特征明显;(2)专业市场对区域经济的增长存在显著的正向影响但空间溢出效应不显著,专业市场集聚水平每增加一个百分点,能直接引起本地区经济增长0.06个百分点;(3)劳动力投入、资本投入、对外开放等对经济增长具有正向促进作用,并存在空间溢出效应.
