BACKGROUND:Wheat is an important grain crop that has been under serious threat from Fusarium graminearum. Nup2, a member of the nuclear pore complex, plays an important role in regulating eukaryotic nuclear protein transport and participates in gene regulation. Dissecting the function of nuclear pore proteins in pathogenic fungi may provide effective targets for novel fungicides. RESULTS:Mutants exhibited nutritional growth defects, asexual/sexual developmental abnormalities. Deficiency of FgNup2 resulted in increased resistance of Fusarium graminearum to cell wall disruptors and increased sensitivity to metal ions. Pathogenicity analyses showed that the mutant was significantly less virulent on flowering wheat ears, consistent with the observed decrease in deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Furthermore, we showed that FgNup2 interacts synergistically with FgTri6, a transcription factor of the TRI family, to regulate the expression of toxin-producing genes, which, in turn, affects the biosynthesis of DON and related toxins. CONCLUSION:This study revealed that FgNup2 plays important roles in the growth and development, cell wall integrity, stress response, pathogenicity, and DON synthesis of F. graminearum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

农田杂草及防除是植物保护专业的核心课程,理论性与实践性均较强.在新农科建设背景下,该课程面临着新的机遇和挑战.该文从修订人才培养方案、优化教学内容、加强线上课程建设、改进教学方式、优化考核方式和加强课程思政建设等多个方面进行探讨,为培养能满足现代农业需求的新型专业技术人才提供支撑.

提高教学质量是高校生存和发展的"生命线",构建教学质量监控体系是提高教学质量的重要环节.分析影响动植物检疫专业教学质量的主要因素,阐述该专业在人才培养方案制定、课程体系建设、教师队伍配置及各个教学环节等所采取的质量监控措施.通过专业教学质量监控体系的构建与实践,教师的质量意识提高,学生的主体意识和参与教学的积极性增强,动植物检疫专业教学质量得到稳步提升.

为明确近年来安徽省小麦白粉病菌群体的毒性及其变化,利用41个鉴别寄主对安徽省2010、2015和2019年小麦白粉菌群体进行了毒性监测和分析.研究结果表明,病菌群体对抗性基因(组合)Pm3c、Pm5a、Pm7、Pm19、Pm3d、Pm17、Pm6、Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3f Pm8、Pm1+2+9和Pm3e的平均毒性频率大于70％,表明这些抗性基因或组合在安徽省小麦生产上已丧失抗性,不能在抗病育种中继续使用;对Pm12、Pm21、Pm16、Pm1c、Pm35、Pm13和Pm2+ MLD的毒性频率小于20％,这些抗性基因(组合)仍具有良好的抗性,可在抗病育种中加以利用.安徽省小麦白粉菌毒性数据的主成分分析结果表明,2010、2015和2019年病菌群体毒性结构总体上可看成一个群体,但年份间病菌群体毒性结构具有一定的差异,应加强安徽省小麦白粉菌群体毒性的持续监测工作.研究结果对安徽省小麦白粉病的抗病育种及品种的合理布局具有指导意义.

Rad50 is a member of the double strand break repair epistasis group of proteins that play important roles in regulating DNA damage checkpoint signaling, telomere maintenance, homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining in eukaryotes. However, the function of Rad50 in fungal plant pathogens remains unknown. In this study, we report the functional investigation of FgRad50 in the wheat head blight pathogen Fusarium graminearum. FgRad50 is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad50 that could restore the sensitivity of the yeast Rad50 mutant to DNA damage agents. The FgRad50 deletion mutant (ΔFgRad50) exhibited defective vegetative growth, asexual/sexual development and virulence, as well as disrupted deoxynivalenol biosynthesis. Moreover, deletion of FgRad50 resulted in hypersensitivity to DNA damage agents. Unexpectedly, FgRad50 plays a key role in responses to cell wall-damaging agents by negatively regulating phosphorylation of FgMgv1, a MAP kinase in the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that FgRad50 plays critical roles in fungal development, virulence and secondary metabolism in F. graminearum, as well as CWI and the DNA damage response.

《植物病害流行与预测》是植物保护专业重要的专业基础课程之一.是继《普通植物病理学》和《农业植物病理学》之后开设的提高课程.本文根据植物保护专业人才培养方案,结合《植物病害流行与预测》课程教学的实际,我们课程组从课程目标、课程内容、课程教学及学时分配与课程考核等方面完善并形成了该课程的课程标准;进一步依据该课程质量标准进行了实施运行;讨论与分析了依据课程质量标准实施教学的效果,为相关专业其他课程建设标准的制定提供借鉴.

为了解安徽省小麦赤霉病菌的群体分化和遗传变异规律,利用AFLP技术对安徽省4个地理群体的68个供试菌株进行了群体遗传多样性分析.结果表明,8对引物共扩增出245条带,供试菌株间的遗传距离为0.014～0.021.4个小麦赤霉病菌群体之间的遗传距离与地理分布没有明显的相关性.4个赤霉病菌群体的Shannon信息指数I为0.321,基因多样性指数H为0.193,表明具有一定的遗传多样性.方差分析表明,被测小麦赤霉病菌群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内(99.80％),群体间的遗传变异仅占0.20％.4个赤霉病菌群体间存在较低的遗传分化(Gst=0.049)和频繁的基因交流(Nm=9.648).相比较而言,北部群体和中部群体亲缘关系较近,而南部群体和中、北部群体亲缘关系较远.

The main problems and shortcomings existing in experiment teaching of General Plant Pathology were introduced,experimental teaching method and assessment way reform was discussed,so as to make the curriculum to adapt to the demand of new talent cultivation scheme,improve students' learning interest and practical ability,cultivate professional and technical personnel capable of independent thinking and independent operation.

采用小麦离体叶段法,设置18、22、23、24、25和26℃共6个温度处理,对2012年采集的小麦白粉菌样分离得到的139个单孢堆菌株的温度敏感性进行了测定,这些菌样分别采自于四川、北京、甘肃、河南、浙江、陕西、青海、山东、新疆和云南10省(市、区).结果表明:供试的139个菌株平均ET50为23.14℃,其中ET50最高为24.46℃,最低为21.34℃;58.76％的供试菌株ET50值在23℃和24℃之间,仅有2.03％的供试菌株的ET50≥24℃.对供试菌株温度敏感性频率分布的正态检验结果发现,自然环境中小麦白粉病菌群体已受到温度的选择压力.此研究结果可为了解和预测全球气候变暖对小麦白粉病长期发生趋势的影响提供依据.

The epidemic components(latent period,infection probability,lesion cumulative sporulation and lesion daily-expansion area) and the parasitic fitness of 12 isolates of wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici) with different sensitivity to temperature were tested by detached leaf segment method under 18℃ and 22℃ temperature conditions,respectively.The results showed that there were significant differences among epidemic components of the different isolates at the two temperature conditions,and the correlation between lesion cumulative sporulation and lesion daily-expanded area was the highest.The parasitic fitness of every tested isolates at 22℃ was lower than that at 18℃.The parasitic fitness of the isolates with low sensitivity to temperature was totally higher than that of moderately sensitive and highly sensitive isolates at the two temperature conditions.This tendency was more obvious at the higher temperature.

The sensitivity of 113 isolates of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici) sampled from 6 provinces or cities in 2008 to temperature was tested by detached leaf segment method with setting up 5 different temperatures indoor. The results showed the mean ET50 (which represents the temperature that is required to obtain 50% of the maximum effect) of all isolates tested was 23.02℃. ET50 values of 17.70% isolates were more than 24℃. The highest and the lowest ET50 of isolates were 25.22℃ and 19.42℃, respectively. There were a certain differences for isolates sensitivity to temperature among different provinces or cites. It was also found that when temperature increased during 22-26℃, the latent period of isolates prolonged, and the latent period of different isolates was different at the same temperature, too. These results will provide a reference for the oversummering division of wheat powdery mildew, as well as the effect of climate to the disease.

A lemniscates micro model is established according to the fabric of the three - dimensional and four-step braided composite . On the base of this model, the distribution of thermal stress and strain of the three-dimensional and four - step composite during the preparation process is analyzed by using FEM software. The effective elastic modulus and the effective thermal expansion coefficient of the three-dimensional and four-step composite at room temperature are simulated and compared with their analytic solution. These results provide an accurate simulation method and give reference to design, process and use this kind of composite.