Chilling injury (CI)-induced surface pitting (SP) presents a significant challenge in the storage of zucchini fruit. This study aimed to determine whether the slow-release 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or pre-storage low humidity conditioning (PLHC) could effectively delay the onset of SP and enhance the storage quality and antioxidant systems within polyethylene packaging (PEP)-and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)-treated zucchini fruit. Results indicated that zucchini fruit without packaging exhibited a significantly high SP after 7 d of storage at 3 +/- 0.5 degrees C. In contrast, zucchini treated with PEP and MAP remained free from SP for 7 and 14 d of storage, respectively. Moreover, MAP effectively suppressed SP development and decay over the whole 28-d storage period compared to the PEP treatment. This effect was linked to reduced O2 and increased CO2 levels, which mitigated weight loss and oxidative damage. Evidence for this included lower concentrations of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide, alongside enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., peroxidase and catalase), and increased levels of antioxidants (i.e., ascorbic acid and glutathione). Applications of slow-release 1-MCP and PEP effectively reduced SP and oxidative stress. However, when combined with MAP, this treatment resulted in excessive physiological suppression, which accelerated the loss of firmness and decay. Treating with PLHC for 1 d significantly alleviated SP, particularly when combined with MAP, by boosting antioxidant defense and reducing weight loss (WL). In conclusion, the integration of PEP with slow-release 1-MCP, or the use of MAP alongside PLHC for 1 d, effectively mitigated CI in zucchini fruit.

The aim of this study was to optimize the pre-harvest application of seaweed-based biostimulants (BIOs) to improve potato yield, quality, and post-storage attributes. To achieve this, six potato cultivars differing in maturity periods were subjected to three BIO concentrations (2.4, 7.2, and 9.6 g/L), application timings (from planting to post-bloom), and frequencies (1–4 applications). The results indicated that BIO efficacy was strongly cultivar-specific. Responsive cultivars (such as ‘Minshu No. 1’, ‘Leshu No. 1’, ‘Xiazhai 65’, and ‘Qingshu No. 2’) showed significant yield increases when treated with 7.2 or 9.6 g/L BIO applied 3 to 4 times during key developmental stages (from seedling to 3 weeks after full bloom). In contrast, ‘Qingshu No. 10’ and ‘Qingshu No. 9’ exhibited no significant response. Post-storage analysis revealed that optimal BIO treatments in responsive cultivars (‘Minshu No. 1’ and ‘Xiazhai 65’) delayed the losses in dry matter content and starch content after 3 months of storage at 7.5 °C. Furthermore, BIO application significantly enhanced the uptake of potassium (K) in ‘Minshu No. 1’, ‘Xiazhai 65’, and ‘Qingshu No. 2’ potatoes. In conclusion, applying 7.2 g/L BIO three times during the seedling to post-bloom period is a potential strategy to enhance yield and quality for responsive early- and mid-maturing potato cultivars, offering a targeted solution for sustainable potato production.

Root and tuber crops (RTCs), such as potato, cassava, and sweet potato, are globally critical staple foods and exhibit substantial potential for carbon sequestration. Their unique source-sink-flow synergy, high photosynthetic efficiency, and underground carbon storage capacity make them pivotal for climate change mitigation. However, RTCs face inherent bottlenecks: inefficient C3 photosynthesis with photorespiratory losses, source-sink imbalance, and inadequate low-carbon management practices. To address these limitations, this review synthesizes genetic engineering strategies (e.g., optimizing Rubisco function, introducing C4/CAM pathway elements, enhancing sink strength via AGPase and sugar transporters), and improved field management (e.g., balanced fertilization, crop rotation, biochar application, and IoT-based precision agriculture). These integrated approaches synergistically boost carbon fixation, optimize carbon allocation, and strengthen soil carbon sinks. RTCs thus represent a promising avenue to reconcile food security with carbon neutrality goals, providing actionable pathways for developing climate-resilient and sustainable agricultural systems globally.

Introduction:Soil salinity represents a significant abiotic stress factor that adversely affects potato yield and quality. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance is crucial for the development of resilient cultivars. This study examines the proteomic responses of salt-tolerant (M5008) and salt-sensitive (D516) potato cultivars under saline conditions. Methods:A quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomic approach was utilized to analyze protein expression profiles in the roots of both cultivars exposed to 150 mM NaCl stress. Bioinformatics analyses-including Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction-were performed. Key results were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results:A total of 511 and 456 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in D516 and M5008, respectively. These DAPs were predominantly involved in redox homeostasis, sugar and osmotic metabolism, and phytohormone signaling pathways. PPI network analysis revealed six major functional modules, including glucose metabolism, translational initiation, and ubiquitin-mediated protein catabolism. The expression patterns of key proteins (G6PD1, P5CSA, PP2A2, TPS1, GAPCP1, HEXO1) were consistent with their corresponding mRNA levels, supporting their functional roles in the salt stress response. Discussion:The salt-tolerant cultivar M5008 demonstrates a coordinated and multifaceted response to salinity stress, characterized by enhanced antioxidant defense, efficient energy utilization, and precise regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. In contrast, the salt-sensitive cultivar D516 exhibits a disorganized and less effective response. These findings offer new insights into the proteomic mechanisms governing salt tolerance in potato and identify potential candidate genes for use in future breeding and genetic engineering efforts.

Nitrate and peptide transporters play crucial roles in the uptake, and allocation of nitrate in plant cells and tissues. They are essential in the utilization of nitrogen, as well as in plant development, crop production and yield formation. The NRT family (Nitrate Transporter/Peptide Transporter familiy, NRT/NPF) is one of the largest transporter families in the plant kingdom. Some family members have been extensively studied in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa). Although it has been reported in potatoes, it has not been comprehensively and systematically analysed yet. The purposes of this research were to comprehensively identify the NRT genes in the potato genome, to systematically analyze the gene structure, chromosomal distribution, and cis-elements in promoter regions, to identify protein conserved domains and motifs, and to study the expression profile of the StNRT gene in different tissues and under nitrogen stress. Bioinformatics and transcriptome analyses of the StNRT gene family were conducted to dissect the structure, evolution, and expression of the StNRTs in Solanum tuberosum L. In total, 81 StNRT genes were identified and classified into 4 clades. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that the 81 StNRT genes were located on 12 chromosomes of potato. Among these genes, 2 pairs of genes (StNRT53/56 and StNRT61/62) were predicted to be tandemly duplicated genes, and 8 pairs of genes were segmentally duplicated genes. The collinearity analysis revealed that the StNRTs in potato were closely related to the SlNRTs in tomato. The expression profiles of the StNRTs in different tissues and under different nitrogen conditions revealed distinct spatial expression patterns of these genes and their potential roles in response to various nitrogen conditions. Multiple StNRT genes exhibited differential expression in the roots, stems, and leaves of Qingshu 9 and Xiazhai 65 potato seedlings, indicating their potential key roles in regulating nitrate uptake in potato. This study systematically characterizes the gene structure, conserved protein domains and motifs, evolutionary relationships, and expression profiles of the StNRT gene family in S. tuberosum. These findings provide critical insights into the functional mechanisms of StNRTs, and identify candidate genes for improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in potato cultivation.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important non-cereal food crops, with stolon development playing a crucial role in determining tuber yield. While some studies have examined the effects of sugars on potato stolon growth, their influence-particularly that of sucrose-on early stolon development remains unclear. Furthermore, the regulatory role of plant hormones in this process has yet to be established. Using a combination of in vitro culture, transcriptomics, gene expression analysis, and biochemical approaches, we investigated the contribution of sucrose (3% or 8%) on potato seedling stem nodes and stolon initials through phenotypic observation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), comparison of expression patterns, and hormone quantification. Firstly, compared to other types of sugars, we found that high concentrations of sucrose were the most effective in inducing stolon initial formation in potato seedlings. Furthermore, RNA-seq data showed that high sucrose levels significantly up-regulated the expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and plant hormone metabolism. Additionally, the development of stem nodes and stolon initials under high sucrose conditions was also closely linked to hormone metabolism. Notably, high sucrose concentrations contributed to stem node and stolon initial development by modulating the IAA, CK, and GA signaling pathways. Based on the endogenous hormone measurement, and exogenous hormone application, together with heterologous overexpression of a potato Auxin response factor 9 (StARF9), we concluded that the early development of potato stolons was regulated by plant hormones, particularly auxin. In summary, this study elucidates the hormonal regulation of stolon initiation under high sucrose concentrations, offering a theoretical foundation and potential targets for in vitro culture and genetic improvement of potato.

The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is influenced by external environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and nitrogen level, with nitrogen level being a key factor in anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. Nitrogen level regulates the transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, with low nitrogen levels promoting anthocyanin accumulation, while high nitrogen levels have the opposite effect. Purple potatoes are a type of cultivated crop that is rich in anthocyanins and has unique economic value. Nitrogen fertilizer is crucial to improve the agronomic traits, yield, quality, and anthocyanin content of purple potatoes. In this study, the impact of four different nitrogen concentrations—0 kg/hm2 (N0), 90 kg/hm2 (N1), 225 kg/hm2 (N2) and 360 kg/hm2 (N3)—on the agronomic traits, yield, quality, and anthocyanin content of purple potatoes, ‘Huasong 66’, at different stages were investigated by using physiological index measurement and RNA-seq technology. It was found that the purple potato ‘Huasong 66’ was more sensitive to low nitrogen (N1). Under N1 level of nitrogen fertilization, ‘Huasong 66’ possessed the finest agronomic traits, yield, and quality, and the total anthocyanins in the tubers were significantly increased. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that nitrogen levels in purple potato tubers primarily affect genes related to nutrient transport and metabolism by regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, enzyme catalysis and binding, and signal transduction. In addition, nine candidate genes related to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway had been preliminarily screened. These results provide a basis to understand the impact of different nitrogen levels on the tuber yield and anthocyanin synthesis of purple potatoes.

为了研究青海山旱地有机肥不同施用量对青海主栽品种"青薯9 号"和"下寨65"干物质分配及产量的影响,明确该地区有机肥最佳施用量,为提高马铃薯栽培水平及农户种植效益提供理论依据.于2021 年开展有机肥不同施用量试验,施肥水平为9000 kg/hm2(T1)、7500 kg/hm2(T2)、6000 kg/hm2(T3)、4500 kg/hm2(T4)、3000 kg/hm2(T5),测试其不同处理不同生育期马铃薯总干物质积累、各个器官干物质分配量及产量.结果表明,2个主栽品种在不同生育期干物质积累量呈先增加后降低的趋势,现蕾期至膨大期干物质增长速率最大;有机肥使用量为 4500 kg/hm2,2 个品种在膨大期积累量均达到最大值.为了获得高产与高效,推荐有机肥施用量4500 kg/hm2,主导品种较其他处理增产较显著,较T5 处理分别增产46.05％和45.70％,并获得最高的经济效益.

Potato is one of the world’s most important food crops, with a time-consuming breeding process. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis of the two important traits of potato tuber shape and eye depth, using the tetraploid potato genome (2n=4x=48) as a reference. A total of 370 potatoes were divided into three subgroups based on the principal component analysis and evolutionary tree analysis. The genetic diversity within subgroups is low (5.18×10-5, 4.36×10-5 and 4.24×10-5). Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that their LD is about 60 Kb. GWAS analysis identified that 146 significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci at Chr01A1:34.44−35.25 Mb and Chr02A1:28.35−28.54 Mb regions are significantly associated with potato tuber shape, and that three candidate genes that might be related to potato tuber traits, PLATZ transcription factor, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and FAR1 DNA-binding domain, are in the association region of Chr02A1. GWAS analysis identified 53 significant SNP loci at Chr05A2: 49.644-50.146 Mb and Chr06A2: 25.866-26.384 Mb regions with robust associations with potato tuber eye depth. Hydrolase and methyltransferases are present in the association region of Chr05A2, and three CYPs are present in the association region of Chr06A2. Our findings suggested that these genes are closely associated with potato tuber shape and eye depth. Our study identified molecular markers and candidate genes for improving tetraploid potato tuber shape and eye depth and provided ideas and insights for tetraploid potato breeding.

Plant height is an important characteristic, the modification of which can improve the ability of stress adaptation as well as the yield. In this study, genome-wide association analysis was performed for plant height traits in 370 potato cultivars using the tetraploid potato genome as a reference. A total of 92 significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for plant height were obtained, which were particularly significant in haplotypes A3 and A4 on chromosome 1 and A1, A2, and A4 on chromosome 5. Thirty-five candidate genes were identified that were mainly involved in the gibberellin and brassinolide signal transduction pathways, including the FAR1 gene, methyltransferase, ethylene response factor, and ubiquitin protein ligase. Among them, PIF3 and GID1a were only present on chromosome 1, with PIF3 in all four haplotypes and GID1a in haplotype A3. This could lead to more effective genetic loci for molecular marker-assisted selection breeding as well as more precise localization and cloning of genes for plant height traits in potatoes.

In this study, different amounts of organic fertilizer were applied to potato varieties（Qingshu No.9 and Leshu No.1） in Yushu area, and their effects on potato yield, quality and economic benefits were studied.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer in potato cultivation in Yushu area of Qinghai province had an obvious effect on yield increase.Considering all kinds of yield and benefit factors, it was suggested that the application amount of organic fertilizer was 8995.50 kg/hm~2,This study also provides basis for local potato varieties and fertilizer use.

滞绿蛋白(stay-green proteins,SGR)是植物生长发育过程中叶绿素降解和器官衰老的关键因子.对大多数植物来说,滞绿突变体具有相似的绿色表型,但其滞绿的分子机制研究还停留在初级阶段.本文总结了植物中相关滞绿基因的研究现状及基本的结构和功能,并对其在马铃薯上的应用提出了展望.

检测11个马铃薯资源叶片和薯皮中糖苷生物碱(Steroidal glycoalkaloids,SGA)含量,筛选低SGA含量的马铃薯资源,并对下寨65、LZ111、Q072625、陇薯7号、青薯9号和青薯11号薯皮中SGA合成途径中相关基因的表达进行分析,以期明确马铃薯SGA生物合成关键基因,为创制低SGA马铃薯资源提供新思路.结果表明:(1)11个马铃薯资源叶片中SGA含量范围为0.08600～1.58066 mg·g-1 FW;(2)11个马铃薯资源薯皮中SGA含量范围为0.01415～0.18450 mg·g-1 FW,薯皮总SGA含量均小于0.20 mg·g-1 FW(安全范围);(3)6个马铃薯资源块茎中SGA合成途径相关基因表达量分析表明,StSQS1、StCAS、StSSR2和StGAME4是马铃薯块茎SGA生物合成的关键基因.

In order to compare the Browning differences among potato varieties（lines）,the PPO activity of 16 potato cultivars in qinghai and the change of the luminance value L * of tuber slices exposed to air with time were measured.The results showed that there were significant differences in PPO activity among different varieties（lines）of potato tubers.The planting material Q072,625 with the highest PPO activity was 119.20% higher than D0602-10 with the lowest PPO activity; The Browning brightness value L * of potato tuber slices of different varietiess（lines）also was changed regularly with time.The change rate of L * value of Longshu 6 was the highest, while the change rate of L * value of 11-19-4 and L0227-18 was small.There was no consistent relationship between PPO activity and L * change rate.

植物SWEET基因家族是一类糖转运蛋白,在植物的生理活动和生长发育过程中发挥着重要功能.为了解马铃薯SWEET基因的相关信息,探究其在马铃薯不同组织以及在生物胁迫与非生物胁迫下的表达特性.该研究采用同源克隆技术从马铃薯‘青薯9号’中克隆了StSWEET5基因(GenBank登录号为MN295671),其CDS序列长度为717 bp,编码238个氨基酸.系统进化树分析结果表明,StSWEET5与番茄的氨基酸序列相似性最高(97.06％).qRT-PCR分析表明:StSWEET5基因在马铃薯各组织(根、茎、叶、花、块茎、匍匐茎)中均有表达,且在花中的表达显著高于其他组织;糖胁迫下,StSWEET5基因在根、茎、叶中均有表达,尤其在根中的表达差异最为显著(P＜0.05).在晚疫病菌(Ph ytophthora in estans)诱导后36 h时,表达量达到最高,随后急剧下调.推测StSWEET5基因参与了马铃薯糖胁迫以及响应了晚疫病诱导的过程.

'Qingshu No.11' is a new potato variety developed from a cross between 'Tongshu No.23'as female parent and 'Qingshu168' as male parent.It is of mid-late maturity.It takes about 107 days from sprouting to harvest.Its tuber is of oval shape with pink peel,yellow flesh and shallow eyes.The content of starch,crude protein,VC and reducing sugar in its tuber is 17.96%,3.17%,240.3 mg·kg-1and 0.279%,respectively.It is resistant to late blight.It can yield 33.0-37.5 t·hm-2under normal fertility condition,and 37.5-45.0 t·hm-2 under higher fertility condition.It is suitable for cultivation in all parts of Qinghai Province.

通过杜家洼村贫困现状及致贫原因进行分析,实施精准扶贫使贫困群众的生产生活条件有较大改善,产业结构得到调整优化,增收渠道不断拓宽,贫困农民自我发展能力有较大提升,确保贫困人口整体脱贫.

利用2002-2014年国家马铃薯中晚熟西北组共12组区域试验数据资料,分析区试试验的试验精确度.结果表明:所有点次试验的CEV介于1.12％-36.34％之间,共有25点次试验的CEV ＜5.0％,占试验总点次数的25.25％;有29点次试验的CEV介于5.0％-8.0％之间,占总试验总点次数的29.29％;有39点次试验的CEV介于8.0％-15.0％之间,约占试验总点次的39.39％;有6点次试验的CEV＞15.0％,约占试验总点次的6.06％.中晚熟西北组单年多点平均CEV为7.98％,变幅为5.93％-12.13％.西宁、海南、隆德等试点的试验精确度较高,天水、定西等试点的试验精确度较低.

为了解马铃薯新品种青薯10号的丰产性能,以2007-2008年青海省马铃薯品种区域试验结果、2008-2009年青海省马铃薯生产试验为依据,通过对青薯10号产量、变异系数、Shukla稳定性方差分别进行丰产性、稳定性比较分析,表明青薯10号丰产性高,稳定性好,是一个理想的具有推广价值的极具超高产潜力的马铃薯新品种.

采用小麦离体叶段法,设置18、22、23、24、25和26℃共6个温度处理,对2012年采集的小麦白粉菌样分离得到的139个单孢堆菌株的温度敏感性进行了测定,这些菌样分别采自于四川、北京、甘肃、河南、浙江、陕西、青海、山东、新疆和云南10省(市、区).结果表明:供试的139个菌株平均ET50为23.14℃,其中ET50最高为24.46℃,最低为21.34℃;58.76％的供试菌株ET50值在23℃和24℃之间,仅有2.03％的供试菌株的ET50≥24℃.对供试菌株温度敏感性频率分布的正态检验结果发现,自然环境中小麦白粉病菌群体已受到温度的选择压力.此研究结果可为了解和预测全球气候变暖对小麦白粉病长期发生趋势的影响提供依据.