患者男，26岁，以“结肠造瘘口术后25年，发现造瘘口旁新生物半年”于2012-03-28入院。患者于1987年因臀部烧伤后行预防性结肠造瘘术后（具体不详），于2012年9月无明显诱因发现造瘘口旁绿豆大小新生物，淡红色，约1个月前新生物间断出现针刺样疼痛，触之时有鲜红色出血，无明显腹痛、发热等不适，来我院诊治，既往体健。

The key role of mitochondria in cell death has been widely accepted,but it remains unclear on how other organelles influence mitochondria to initiate cell death.Recently,Alexei et al.proposed a theory of that explained the mechanism of lysosome-mitochondria interaction based on latest studies in lysosomal functions.Apoptotic factors may permeablize the lysosomal membrane,then through iron-dependent,lipofuscin-related,Bcl-2 family-dependent,or Rho/ROCK-JNK pathways cause in the permeability of mitochondrial membrane and initiate cell death.On the other hand,mitochondrial membrane permeabilization can also permeablize the lysosomal membrane through the ROS-dependent and Bcl-2 family-dependent ways and promotes cell death.The theory of lysosomal-mitochondrial axis was lately being used to explain the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the lysosomal storage diseases.This review introduces the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis theory and discusses it implication in disease conditions.

Fox is a family for proteins with similar DNA binding domain,which plays a vital role in the transcription of DNA.Current studies have found that Fox family play a decisive role in many aspects of tumor development.Recently,FoxC2,one of Fox family members,has widely attracted researchers' attention due to its key role in the tumor development.This review summarizes the progress in the role of FoxC2 in the tumors' angiogenesis,metastasis,and prognosis.

病例1 女,19岁.5个月前家人发现患者于入睡后出现呼吸困难,可闻及鼾声,每夜出现3～5次.在当地医院行纤维支气管镜检查示:声门下2～3 cm、气管上段后壁可见一新生物,大部分阻塞管腔,管腔狭窄约为正常的20％,未能通过支气管镜,新生物表面有溃疡、坏死,触之易出血.患者出现呼吸困难,急诊行气管切开后转入我院,CT示:颈段气管管腔变窄,气管后壁可见软组织影突向腔内,考虑肿瘤,气管腺样囊性癌可能性大.患者静脉麻醉,在电视胸腔镜下行双侧下肺韧带松解、颈上段气管切除、对端吻合+带蒂大网膜包埋吻合口手术.术后患者恢复尚可,三维CT提示:声壁和声门上区管壁增厚.术后病理检查示:气管腺样囊性癌,转肿瘤科行辅助放射治疗.随访1年,未见肿瘤复发,生活质量良好.

细胞的不对称分裂对于细胞多样性产生的重要性已经被大部分人所认识.B细胞的不对称分裂首先是在抗体类别转换的研究中发现的.最近,美国5科学家对B细胞在免疫发生中心中不对称分裂的原因进行了探索.结果 发表在2012年1月20日出版的<Science>中.B细胞的不对称分裂参与体液免疫的抗体类别转换和抗体亲和力成熟过程.对于其机制仍不清楚,但目前研究初步提示细胞内分子的不对称分布是其发生的上游因素.并且B细胞的不对称分裂可能与不对称抗原分离可能在抗体亲和力成熟过程中具有独立协同作用.

患者女,40岁,患者因"腹壁窦道两年余"于2011-07-03入院。两年前曾行子宫切除术（横切口）,术后切口长期愈合不良,形成腹壁窦道,于多家医院行窦道引流术或窦道切除术,仍无法完全愈合。既往体健。入院查体:下腹部可见多个手术瘢痕,正中瘢痕可见约2cm×2cm窦道外口,少许浑浊渗液。辅助检查: