The Dongying Sag is rich in shale oil reserves, but poor in reservoir physical properties. The sag has many thin oil-bearing layer sequences in the vertical direction, which are mostly interlayered with limestone and mudstone. To precisely describe the law for the interlayer interference and the fracture propagation of the shale oil reservoirs in the Dongying Sag, a separate-layer fracturing model based on seepage-stress-damage coupling was built with the nonlinear finite element method. The morphology and law for fracture propagation, and induced stress field were analyzed considering different flow rates and viscosities of fracturing fluid, and different thicknesses of the upper and lower isolation layers. On this basis, the fracturing parameters were optimized. Simulation results show that the stress interference area grows along with the propagation of hydraulic fractures. When the flow rate is 9–12 mm3/min and the viscosity is 20 mPa∙s, the induced stress at the tips of fractures is high. In this case, natural fractures are prone to be connected and good stimulation results can be achieved. In addition, layer crossing is rare when the thickness of the upper isolation layer is greater than 2.5 m and that of the lower one is greater than 4.5 m. The results can provide theoretical support for the subsequent hydraulic fracturing of shale oil reservoirs in the Dongying Sag.

针对智能分层注水测调技术中电缆或电池供电存在的可靠性和成本等问题,设计了一种用于注水井井下设备供电的涡轮发电机.根据注水井井下实际工况和空间的要求,通过电磁计算分析,得出了涡轮发电机的结构参数和几何尺寸,设计了涡轮发电机的主体结构,建立了发电机的数值模拟模型,并对涡轮发电机进行了电磁场仿真,得出了发电机的磁通密度分布特性,试制了发电机样机.试验与仿真结果对比表明,所设计的涡轮发电机参数可以满足注水井井下设备的供电需求.

The existing detection methods for third-party damage of the oil and gas pipelines are low efficient and easy to be disturbed by the external conditions such as the environmental magnetic field, which brings about a high false alarm rate. In order to improve the detection rate, a damage signal detection method for oil and gas pipelines based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology was proposed. For the method, the short-time energy and the corrected zero crossing rate of each frame of signal in the detection period should be calculated at first, then the short-time average energy and the standard deviation of the corrected crossing rate of all frames of signal should be computed, and finally, the two should be combined together to determine if there is any damage signal, which could detect the pipeline damage signal effectively, further significantly reducing the false alarm rate of the pipeline detection system. By simulating various artificial and mechanical damage signals respectively, the feasibility and effectiveness of the new combined detection method were verified. The results show that the method of detecting the pipeline damage signals in combination with the short-time average energy and the corrected zero crossing rate can eliminate the interference, of which the detection accuracy for simulated artificial and mechanical intrusion events is more than 90%, capable of providing technical guarantee to the safe operation of pipelines.

以生物质硅炭(Si/CB)取代部分N550炭黑为补强剂、HNBR为基体制备了生物质硅炭改性的HNBR复合材料.研究了硅炭对HNBR的补强行为,高温真空介质中橡胶的热老化行为及主链老化结构的演变.与传统炭黑的增强效果相比,生物质硅炭增强的HNBR表现出更好的韧性、撕裂强度、较低的永久变形及高温力学性能.160℃下老化20 d,材料的拉伸强度保持率大于100％,生物质硅炭表现出较好的耐老化能力.链接—CN官能团的α-碳原子高温下易均裂氢原子生成自由基,连续加氢还原使—C N转化为—C NH,直至形成化学交联结构,导致橡胶的玻璃化转变温度升高.氢化丁腈的CN含量越低,耐老化能力越突出.依据分子主链老化的结构演变信息,提出了HNBR的可能老化机理.

为了解决智能分注井井下测控设备供电问题,研究形成了注水井小流量井下自发电技术.考虑注水井管柱特点和工况特点,通过试验结合数值模拟,对发电机涡轮结构进行优化,研制了小直径涡轮发电机.根据电源特点,研发了井下整流稳压技术.室内进行了井下发电机性能测试,试验结果表明,流量为49.35m3/d条件下,发电功率为10.23W,达到了设计指标,满足井下设备供电需求,该技术将为井下测控设备提供稳定可靠的电源保障.

Argillaceous limestone facies core samples were drilled from Well Fanye X to reveal the brittleness anisotropy law of shale from the upper Chun submember of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the Northern Boxing Subsag of the Jiyang Depression. With the laboratory measured stress–strain curves for rocks as the calibration criterion, a three-dimensional numerical simulation was adopted to calculate and analyze the Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus and strength parameters of the cores. Four typical methods were employed to calculate the brittleness index of all cores. Research demonstrates that as the confining pressure increases, the degree of anisotropy of mechanical parameters declines, and the anisotropy of elastic parameters is more sensitive to the variation in confining pressure than that of strength parameters. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the anisotropy of core mechanics with elastic parameters. The brittleness index calculation method based on the principle of conservation of energy can objectively evaluate the shale core brittleness. The brittleness index decreases significantly as the confining pressure grows, and it first drops and then rises as the bedding dip increases. In other words, the brittleness index in the direction close to the angle of internal friction is the lowest, while it is relatively higher in the 0° and 90° coring directions. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for evaluating fracturing feasibility in shale oil reservoirs and selecting wells and layers in the Jiyang Depression.

Separate layer water injection has become an important means of exploiting oil and gas resources in thin layers. However, due to the complicated water injection string structure, process flow and stress conditions, it is difficult to accurately understand the axial force, internal and external pressure and temperature of the downhole tool. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical study of the mechanical analysis of the water injection string, the mechanical test system for the downhole injection string is designed based on the strain testing technology, underwater wireless short transmission and storage playback mode. The system can perform downhole data detection, extraction and long-distance communication. The measured values are obtained through the tension and compression force inspection and underwater wireless short transmission test. The analysis result shows that the relative error between the measured value and the actual value is less than 5%, thus verifying that the mechanical test system of the downhole water injection string meets the design requirements. The study is of great significance for guiding the design of injection string, the selection of separate layer water injection working parameters.

The poor flexibility and low efficiency of the current separate layer injection and production technology results in heavy workload. Through the indoor test, a kind of wireless intelligent separate layer injection and production technology based on intelligent measurement and control device and pressure/flow pulse transmission is studied. The test results show that the integrated downhole intelligent water distributor and intelligent production control device can flexibly and reliably measure and control the downhole production parameters such as flow and pressure. The wellhead measurement and control device can apply pressure or flow disturbance to the continuous phase fluid in the wellbore to produce executable pulse command with address and action information, thus realizing wireless signal transmission between the wellhead and the downhole tool. The intelligent separate layer injection and prodution technology can allow not only real-time monitoring the production state of oil and water wells such as flow rate and pressure, but also controlling the amount of injection and production, thereby effectively reducing interlayer interference and enhancing interlayer balance. The developed technology can provide a convenient engineering measure for water flooding development adjustment such as diverting flow line, flow field regulation and injection-production coupling.

针对目前海上单管测调注水存在封隔器分层可靠性较低、测调遇卡遇阻以及反洗通道较小造成反洗井困难等问题,开发了适合海上油田的长效精细分注技术.该技术采用小直径双活塞液控压缩封隔器,实现了室内动态补压和直观控制;研制了电控智能配水器,通过外置电缆实现供电以及水量的准确控制,借助井口流量计实现各层流量调节;配套的清砂解堵反洗装置能够及时彻底清除油管底部油泥和沉砂.该技术不受井斜影响,分注层数不受限制,单层流量测试精度1.5％以内,现场15井次的应用中,施工一次性成功率100％,层段合格率95％.现场应用结果表明,长效精细分注技术可较好地满足海上油田大斜度井和大压差分注井的精细分注需求,具有较高的推广应用价值.

为了解射频识别技术在非常规油气藏钻完井中的应用水平以及未来的发展趋势,促进射频识别技术在我国钻完井领域的应用与发展,调研了射频识别技术在钻完井领域的应用现状.为解决深井、超深井勘探开发技术难题,提高作业效率,避免各种复杂事故,降低施工成本,减少人为操作,确保人身安全,国外公司先后应用射频识别技术研发了多种射频识别完井、修井工具.文中介绍了国外射频识别技术应用于射孔枪、循环接头、随钻扩眼器、压裂滑套、层间封隔工具、封隔器等钻完井工具的情况,展望了射频识别技术的发展趋势,并对该技术未来在钻完井中的应用与发展提出了一些建议.

对于配水工具处于斜井段的注水井,测试和投捞工具在斜井段方向的牵引力无法克服其摩擦阻力,造成仪器下放遇阻或不到位;打捞时,配水心子不易与配水器工作筒脱开,打捞力偏大,甚至造成拔脱事故.为此,研究了毛细管液压投捞测调技术,并配套研制了扩张式液力推送器和卡瓦式液压增力打捞器.试验结果表明,应用毛细管液压控制技术可完成井下仪器各工作状态的长距离控制,保证斜井段分层测调的顺利实施;扩张式液力推送器提高了斜井段流量计和投送工具的下行成功率,可实现大斜度井段的可测调性;卡瓦式液压增力打捞器可实现配水心子在斜井段的增力打捞,为配水心子提供井下拔脱动力,提高了斜井段配水心子的投捞成功率.

为保障压裂施工作业时压裂工具的可靠性,设计了压裂工具动态模拟试验信息监测系统.该系统可实时监测压力、流量和砂比等参数,同时提出了判断压裂工具冲蚀破坏的数据融合方法.系统采用分布式设计方案,上位机监测软件采用多传感器数据融合技术进行数据处理,消除了传感器不确定性误差对系统的影响;下位机采用PROFIBUS总线实现与现场设备之间的数据通信.现场应用结果表明,通过监测数据可判断压裂工具是否发生冲蚀破坏,有效预防压裂事故发生.

To deal with the difficulty in throwing-in and pulling in the water injection well,and solve the problems of water injection layer inseparability and inaccurate measurement,low reliability of the packers of washable wells and low qualification rate of layer separation,the separate-layer injection string by concentric double-tubing with hydraulic control packers was developed. The string is made up of external tubing,internal tubing,hydraulic anchor,hydraulic packer,tube with holes,sealed inserter,plug and hydraulic pipeline. The characteristics of this technology are expounded. The technology was applied in fourφ139.7 mm casing wells with a maximal deviation angle of 63.7°,the packer’s control pressure of 12 MPa,and the maximum injection pressure difference of a single well of 8.8 MPa,and the result shows that the qualification rate of injection allocation and layer separation is 100% .

Microscopic physical simulation experiment was made to study the forming process and mechanism of remaining oil based on the combination of flow unit, simulated experiment and similar theory.The result indicates:(1) time invariant seepage and time variant seepage are the main seepage forms,and displacement fluid flows more rapidly in big channels than in small channels among different and the same flow units;(2) the distribution features of the remaining oil are related to the type of the flow units,with the general trend of good type of the flow units,higher watered out degree,lower oil saturation of the remaining oil.The microscopic model experiment of displacement of oil by water shows that there are three distribution patterns of the remaining oil in the studied area.The main is formed by by-passing flow.The distribution scale of the remaining oil has close relation with reservoir heterogeneity and displacement conditions.

针对电化学腐蚀对抽油井中管杆腐蚀影响的问题,通过对油田常用的5种管杆材料在5种油田污水条件下的电极电位和电偶腐蚀电流的测定,对油井管杆配对在油田污水中的腐蚀行为进行了评估。试验结果表明,偶对间的电偶电流小于15μA,电位差值小于50 mV,电偶腐蚀轻微,20CrMo/N80配对的耐腐蚀效果最佳,为油田耐腐蚀管杆材料的选择提供了依据。

国内油田大都进入了高含水开发期,为增加注水波及体积,提高原油采收率,分层注水工作越来越受到重视.近几年来,各油田相继开发研究了多种新型分层注水管柱,其中包括一次投捞可调三层分层注水工艺技术[1]、单级三段液力投捞配水器[2]、同井轮流注水管柱工艺技术[3]等.这些新型分层注水技术的研究应用在油田开发中起到了重要的作用.

介绍了国内外低渗透油藏注气开发发展概况，重点阐述了国外注气开采工艺技术，包括驱油方式和方法、注气设备、工艺管柱及防腐等措施。结合现场实例，对国内外低渗透油藏注气开发技术应用现状进行了综合分析，提出了该类油藏注气开发发展方向。

通过对侧钻井用钻杆材料的疲劳性能试验,得到了钻杆材料P-S-N曲线,在此基础上获得修正的钻杆柱P-S-N曲线,提出了一种描述侧钻井钻柱疲劳损伤的新方法,即采用理论简化的办法,先获得钻杆材料标准试样的 P-S-N曲线,再考虑钻杆的形状、尺寸、表面加工方法、应力状况等影响,将钻杆材料的P-S-N曲线转化为钻杆柱的P-S-N曲线,来进行疲劳强度的评估.将此方法运用于胜利油田井下作业公司侧钻井钻杆柱的优化设计,对钻具组合做了必要的修正、完善后,使钻杆柱所受疲劳损伤降至最低程度,从而延长了钻杆柱的使用寿命.

为配合火烧驱油的矿场试验,胜利油田有限公司采油工艺研究院研制了火烧驱油物理模型.模型主要由模型本体、注气系统、注水系统、油气分离系统、测量与控制系统5部分组成.大量的室内和矿场模拟试验表明,这种物理模型具有立式和卧式模型两种功能,可模拟不同地层条件下湿式和干式火烧驱油试验.分析研究模拟试验数据不仅可加深对火烧驱油机理的认识,而且对现场火烧驱油试验具有指导意义.

根据水平井打捞时上提力和扭矩无法全部传递到井下水平段内,因此常规的上提、套铣和倒扣等都无法实施滤砂管打捞的问题,研究成功水平井水平段内大长度滤砂管打捞工艺技术.这项打捞工艺技术,首先是处理完水平井井筒内"鱼顶"上部的沉砂,再采用相应的工艺对滤砂管外的沉砂进行松动,然后下入增力打捞管柱,利用井下打捞增力器来改变打捞管柱的受力方式,并配套专用提放式可退捞矛,完成井下大长度滤砂管的打捞.3口井的应用表明,打捞成功率达100%,这项打捞工艺技术可应用于各种斜井滤砂管的打捞.