采用机械共混法制备出系列多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)改性的氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)复合材料,研究了MWCNTs对HNBR的硫化特征、结构和力学性能的影响,HNBR/MWCNTs复合材料拉伸强度与温度的相关性.随着HNBR基体内MWCNTs含量的增加,混炼胶的焦烧时间(t10)和正硫化时间(t90)均表现变短、最大转矩(MH)和扭矩差(MH-ML)单调递增的规律.模拟高温180℃稀氧环境,不同比例MWCNTs改性的HNBR材料的耐老化行为表明,加入MWCNTs用量为3份时,HNBR/MWCNTs复合材料拉伸强度提高了35.6％,经过15 d老化后,力学性能保持率约为90％.老化后加入MWCNTs的试样与空白样相比,HNBR/MWCNTs复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)降低,表现出优异的增强作用和较好的耐高温老化能力.

针对目前海上分层防砂分层注水有效期短、施工周期长、作业成本高的问题,研究了新型海上油田分层防砂分层注水高效集成工艺.通过采用穿越型悬挂丢手封隔器,能够同时连接防砂管柱和注水管柱,采用小直径液控压缩四胶筒分层封隔器,同时实现分层防砂封隔器的坐封以及后期注水管柱的精细分层.该技术的防砂管柱与注水管柱一趟下入,节省施工时间一半以上.穿越型悬挂封隔器的可溶丢手支撑套溶解后,能够实现防砂管柱与注水管柱的独立检修,延长防砂管柱的使用寿命,降低作业成本.该技术已在胜利海上油田成功应用10井次,最大施工井斜65°,工具最大下深3780?m,工作最大压差10?MPa,施工成功率100％,分层合格率100％,有效提高了海上水驱油藏的开发程度.

Separate layer water injection has become an important means of exploiting oil and gas resources in thin layers. However, due to the complicated water injection string structure, process flow and stress conditions, it is difficult to accurately understand the axial force, internal and external pressure and temperature of the downhole tool. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical study of the mechanical analysis of the water injection string, the mechanical test system for the downhole injection string is designed based on the strain testing technology, underwater wireless short transmission and storage playback mode. The system can perform downhole data detection, extraction and long-distance communication. The measured values are obtained through the tension and compression force inspection and underwater wireless short transmission test. The analysis result shows that the relative error between the measured value and the actual value is less than 5%, thus verifying that the mechanical test system of the downhole water injection string meets the design requirements. The study is of great significance for guiding the design of injection string, the selection of separate layer water injection working parameters.

针对胜利油田海上油井层间矛盾突出、层间干扰严重的问题,进行了智能注采工艺技术研究.设计的井下智能测控集成装置能够实时监测井下分层流量、温度及压力.研制的井下智能配水器,采用压力脉冲无线传输信号控制方式,免去人工测试工作量.试验表明,智能注采技术能够灵活控制井下选层生产,且具有采集、传输油水井生产数据能力,以远程控制方式改善对生产的动态管理.该技术已在胜利陆地及海上油田成功应用于50余口井,减少气突破、水锥进等层间干扰,实现了各层段的滚动开发,有序提高了油藏的有效动用程度和采收率.

The stress and creep of the offshore injection pipe string in the underground is more complicated than that on the land.At present,theoretical calculation method is usually used,and it is difficult to accurately grasp the force and creep.A mechanical test section for water injection pipe string is designed and its working principle is introduced.The structure design of the measuring joint is described in detail,and the strength of the main shaft of the measuring joint is checked,which provides a basis for the design and use of the downhole testing device.

针对目前海上单管测调注水存在封隔器分层可靠性较低、测调遇卡遇阻以及反洗通道较小造成反洗井困难等问题,开发了适合海上油田的长效精细分注技术.该技术采用小直径双活塞液控压缩封隔器,实现了室内动态补压和直观控制;研制了电控智能配水器,通过外置电缆实现供电以及水量的准确控制,借助井口流量计实现各层流量调节;配套的清砂解堵反洗装置能够及时彻底清除油管底部油泥和沉砂.该技术不受井斜影响,分注层数不受限制,单层流量测试精度1.5％以内,现场15井次的应用中,施工一次性成功率100％,层段合格率95％.现场应用结果表明,长效精细分注技术可较好地满足海上油田大斜度井和大压差分注井的精细分注需求,具有较高的推广应用价值.

氢化丁腈橡胶是适用于高温高压深井条件的密封制品,但由于氢化丁腈分子链上的少量不饱和键在高温下极易发生热氧老化而失去密封性,与橡胶胶筒配套的井下工具封隔器不能在井下长期有效工作.本文从提高橡胶分子主链的饱和度着手,采用单官能度的不饱和羧酸盐—氢氧化单甲基丙烯酸锌对橡胶基体进行改性增强研究,来提高复合橡胶材料的高温力学性能.同时,通过建模、加载、计算分析,对橡胶胶筒结构进行了组合式设计优化,提高了复合橡胶材料的耐压性能.并通过在现场应用耐高温高压复合橡胶长效密封技术,验证了复合橡胶密封件达到了耐温≥170℃、压差≥35 MPa、有效期≥1年的技术指标要求,实现了深层油气藏的高效精细开发.

研究优化了防老剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢化喹啉聚合物(RD)4,4'-双(a,a'-二甲基苄基)二苯胺(Nargard 445)及Nargard 445与2-疏基苯并咪唑锌盐(MBZ)组合物对氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)胶料硫化特性和力学性能的影响,详细讨论了防老剂Nargard 445用量对HNBR胶料性能的影响.结果表明,防老剂种类对HNBR复合材料的硬度影响较小.经过150℃×72h老化后,防老剂Nargard 445单独使用时拉伸强度最高,而防老剂Nargard 445/防老剂MBZ并用的胶料拉伸强度最低.随防老剂Nargard 445用量的增加,胶料的门尼粘度和撕裂强度降低,当防老剂Nargard 445用量为1.5份时,HNBR复合材料表现出最优的拉伸强度,实验范围内防老剂Nargard 445用量的增加对过氧化物的交联效率影响不大,表现为玻璃化转变温度Tg无变化,Nargard 445是HNBR过氧化物硫化体系中较为适合的防老剂.

胜利油田石油工程技术研究院浅海所近日传出消息，他们研制出一种改性氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）复合材料。这种材料可以满足井下工具在170℃条件下长期密封的需要，将为实现我国深层油气藏的高效开发提供有力的技术支持。

Hydroxyl zinc mono-methacrylate/carbon black/hydrogenated nitrile rubber composites were prepared by using HZMMA as a partial substitution for carbon black. The morphology and properties of the composites during the vulcanization process were investigated. The results showed that during early stage of the curing process, the tensile strength and modulus at 100% of the composites increased slightly, the tear strength and elongation at break decreased. The favorable mechanical properties for composites could be achieved after post-curing. FTIR, XRD, and TEM results showed that the polymerization of HZMMA completes at the beginning stage of curing process. Grafting and crosslinking reaction between HZMMA and HNBR may occur during the curing process and metallic bridge bond between them forms. The phase state of homopolymer transformed from disperse phase to continuous phase and has a good compatibility with HNBR.

封隔器是油田分层开采工艺中必不可少的井下工具之一,其密封性能和使用寿命主要取决于胶筒的结构参数.本文利用ANSYS有限元软件大量计算,优选出封隔器胶筒合理的结构参数.结果表明,胶筒与套管之间的最大接触应力与胶筒外倾角有直接关系;在相同胶筒外倾角下,胶筒与套管之间的最大接触应力对应着胶筒的特定高度;随着胶筒外壁倾角的增加,虽然其最大接触应力有所降低,但在一定程度上减缓了胶筒的肩部突出.

In order to improve the sealing performance of the conventional rubber of the packer used in the oilfield sli-cing process,especially in the well completion technology of unconventional oil and gas,and make the contact pressure more uniform,several shaped rubbers were designed by opening different size circular grooves at the side of the rubber contacted with center pipe.The finite element model of packer rubber was established based on nonlinear finite element method and using ANSYS finite element software,the sealing performances of the conventional rubbers and the shaped rubbers were compared,and the impact of circular groove radius on packer sealing performance was investigated.Results show that,compared with the conventional rubber,the shaped rubbers have higher maximum contact pressure and more u-niform contact pressure distribution,so they have better sealing performance.Within a certain range,the circular groove radius has less influence on the contact pressure.The circular groove radius should be determined according to the actual situation for too large circular groove radius could reduce the sealing performance of packer.

The morphology evolution of hydroxyl zinc monomethacrylate (HZMMA) in hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) during its formation, and effect of synergistic behavior of HZMMA and carbon black (CB) in HNBR on its properties, were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to probe the reaction of in-situ polymerized HZMMA. The results showed that an ionic polymer interpenetrating HNBR, due to homo-polymerization or graft polymerization of HZMMA solid monomer occurred, and poly-HZMMA particles, confirmed by FTIR and TEM, were formed during the HNBR vulcanization process. This kind of morphology for the HNBR composites played a very significant role in the HNBR reinforcement. At ambient temperature, the mechanical properties of HNBR composite filled with pure PHZMMA was much superior to those of the HNBR/PHZMMA/CB composites; however, when the temperature was increased to above 50°C, the decrease of the tensile strength for the latter was slower, and the tensile strength was always higher than that of the HNBR composites reinforced with pure PHZMMA at the same temperature. The elongation at break above 80°C was also always higher than that of the HNBR/PHZMMA sample. The HNBR/PHZMMA/CB composites showed excellent air oven aging resistance.

采用甲基丙烯酸锌(ZMMA)为增强剂填充氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR),研究了ZMMA用量对ZMMA/HNBR复合材料硫化特性、力学性能、热稳定性以及玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的影响.结果表明,随着ZMMA用量的增加,复合材料的焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短,最大转矩和交联密度提高;复合材料的拉伸强度先升高后下降,撕裂强度和100％定伸应力增大,而扯断伸长率降低.复合材料的Tg随着ZMMA用量的增加逐渐升高;ZMMA的加入提高了复合材料的热稳定性.

封隔器是油田分层开采工艺中必不可少的井下工具之一,其密封性能主要取决于胶筒与套管间的接触应力.而在油田生产中,不同壁厚的套管并没有与之相对应的井下工具,对于压裂井来说,井壁相差1mm,其对封隔器胶筒的密封作用有很大的影响.本文利用数值模拟软件分析不同壁厚的Φ139.7mm套管在载荷作用下封隔器胶筒与套管接触应力的变化,结果表明,随着坐封压力的增加,胶筒与套管之间的接触应力均呈上升趋势；套管内径越小,即封隔器胶筒与套管间隙越小,其密封效果越好.

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With ultrasonic assistant mixing way, an intercalated mixture of polyol/organo reactive montmorillonite (ORMMT) was pretreated. The prepolymer composed MMT clay was prepared by reaction of polyol/ORMMT mixture with toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The resultant prepolymer reacted with extender (DMTDA) and then the polyurethane-urea/organo reactive montmorillonite (PUU/ORMMT) nanocomposites were obtained. The structure, morphology and properties of PUU/ORMMT nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, AFM, strain-stress machine, TGA, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that when the OMMT content is 3%, the PUU/ORMMT nanocomposities performed super mechanical properties. Because of the presence of ORMMT, both T g of the soft segment and tan δ of the PUU increased, and the decomposition temperature for the first step and the second step increased respectively. TEM images showed that the organophilic MMT particles in the PUU composite exhibit a high degree of intercalation and exfoliation.

The clamping principle of injector head for coiled tubing(CT) was analyzed in this paper.The clamping force is simplified as the circumferential sine distribution.The stress function in series form,the stress boundary condition and displacement continuous condition are used to obtain the stress distribution under the effect of irregular external pressure.The paper gives the laws on the change of equivalent stress with clamping force,axial tension,internal pressure,CT's wall thickness and external diameter.The first law is that the clamping force increases quickly with equivalent force.The second law is that the equivalent stress increases with the axial tension F,excluding the very small axial tension.The third law is that the internal pressure has different tendency effects on equivalent stress in different places of CT.In other words the equivalent stress decreases with the increase of internal pressure at the point of θ=0 of internal surface and the point of θ=π/2 of external surface.The equivalent stress increases with internal pressure at the point of θ=π/2 of internal surface and the point of θ=0 of external surface.The fourth law is that the equivalent stress of the internal and external surfaces of CT decreases slightly with the increase of wall thickness.The fifth law is that when wall thickness and clamping force are certain,the equivalent stress tends to decrease first and then increase with the increase of outer diameter.The sixth law is that when the internal pressure gradually increases,the yielding limit changes from out-shift to ingression and the range of the elastic zone gradually decreases with the increase of internal pressure.

根据海上油田防砂完井注水井井筒情况,开发出了大通径多层注水机械防砂技术并成功应用于中海油渤海油田的2口井,取得了良好效果。海上油田大通径多层注水机械防砂技术不受层数限制,适应于多层细分注水的要求,防止地层出砂造成注水效果差,大大提高注水井免修期,具有一定的推广价值。

根据API14A关于井下安全阀检测的相关标准要求,设计了液体压力与泄漏检测、液体循环检测等系统。该系统能够完成API14A规定的所有检测内容,同时也是国内第一家通过API认证的井下安全阀检测实验室。该装置的成功设计,标志着我国的井下安全阀检测水平已达到国际先进水平,为海上油田的安全生产提供了技术支撑;同时还能大大推动井下安全阀在我国的发展和应用,其应用前景非常广阔,具有很好的经济、社会效益。