Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant properties, has shown potential in treating various nerve injuries, but its mechanisms in DPN remain unclear. This research aims to explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms of quercetin in DPN through network pharmacology and experimental validation. In this study, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with quercetin for 12 weeks. Behavioral tests and histopathological examination were performed to evaluate nociceptive behaviors and sciatic nerve pathology, and biochemical and molecular assays were used to assess oxidative stress, inflammation, and myelin-related markers. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology were used to predict relevant targets and pathways, followed by in vivo validation in sciatic nerve tissues and in vitro verification using high glucose-exposed RSC96 Schwann cells. Quercetin improved pain thresholds and sciatic nerve morphology without significantly altering blood glucose or body weight. Moreover, quercetin restored the remyelination-related gene expression and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in DPN rats. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses indicated that the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling played a key role. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro experiments further supported that quercetin reduced TXNIP expression and downregulated NLRP3 inflammasome–related gene expression. Our results indicate that quercetin attenuates DPN-like manifestations and mitigates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Its potential mechanism may be related to the regulation of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome–related signaling, which lays a foundation for further research on DPN treatment.

BackgroundTo systematically analyze the project completion status and research characteristics in the field of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM, discipline code H32) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), thereby providing a basis for optimizing the allocation of scientific research resources and adjusting funding strategies.MethodsBased on the NSFC big database system, a retrospective analysis was conducted to descriptively analyze the research output, potential translational capacity, and research characteristics of completed projects in the CMM field funded by NSFC from 2015 to 2024.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2024, a total of 4,574 projects in the CMM field were completed, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.0%. The cumulative total funding was 1.86 billion RMB, with an average of 410 KRMB per project. The average research output was 6.6 items per project, and the potential patent conversion ratio was 61%. For the first time, the 19 sub-directions within the CMM field were categorized into four echelons: double-high advantage, high-output low-conversion, low-output high-conversion, and Low-Output Low-Conversion areas. Key advantage areas included CMM pharmacodynamic substances, CMM resources, and ethnic pharmacology. Disease research primarily focused on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders. Technical methodologies rapidly evolved from traditional chemical analysis to multi-omics and systems biology, while research mechanisms expanded towards multi-dimensional regulatory networks.ConclusionNSFC funding for the CMM field has been consistently stable. The discipline demonstrates an overall trajectory characterized by deepening basic research, rapid iteration of technical methods, increasing diversification of research directions, and steadily improving translational potential. These findings provide data support and decision-making references for optimizing NSFC funding strategies in the CMM field.

Defects in sirtuins (SIRTs) signaling contribute to disrupted glycolipid metabolism, resulting in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other metabolic diseases. Sirtuin 5 (Sirt5) has been implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Given the roles of gut microbiota dysbiosis and β cells dysfunction in T2D pathogenesis, we investigated whether Sirt5 modulates intestinal microbiota composition, β cells function, and systemic glucose metabolism. In this study, adopting whole-body Sirt5-deficient mice fed a chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD), we revealed that systemic lack of Sirt5 facilitated gut microbial dysbiosis, characterized by increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and decreased levels of beneficial bacteria. Moreover, global Sirt5 loss also augmented non-fasting and fasting blood glucose levels, triggered the exacerbation of glucose intolerance and attenuation of insulin sensitivity, suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of islet β cells, and reduced β cells mass in HFD-fed mice. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the increment of blood glucose levels induced by Sirt5 deficiency was closely pertinent to the alteration of gut microbiota. Additionally, the impaired GSIS initiated by Sirt5 ablation correlated negatively with glycaemia and positively with genus Rikenalla. Overall, Sirt5 exerts crucial roles in ameliorating glucose metabolism and mitigating T2D progression partially through sustaining β cells function and gut microbiota homeostasis.

Objective To investigate the medication rule of Professor Liang Xiaochun in the treatment of diabetic microvas-cular complications.Methods A retrospective real-world study method was used,with the electronic medical records from the hospital information system of Peking Union Medical College Hospital as the carrier.Clinical information of patients treated for diabetic microvascular complications by Professor Liang Xiaochun from January 2021 to December 2022 was col-lected to construct a database,which was then entered into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Platform(V 3.5).Techniques such as association rule mining and cluster analysis were used to analyze the frequency of medication usage,the nature,flavour,and channel tropism of the medicines,and common drug combinations,the treatment principles and medica-tion patterns of Professor Liang Xiaochun for diabetic microvascular complications were summarized.Results A total of 301 effective prescriptions for treating diabetic microvascular complications by Professor Liang Xiaochun were collated,involving 211 Chinese herbal medicines.The most frequently used medicines were Mori Cortex,Cuscutae Semen,Commelina com-munis,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,Euonymus alatus,Achyranthes aspera,etc.The four natures were mostly cold,and the five flavours were mostly sweetness.The channel tropism belonged to the liver,spleen,and kidney.The core combinations of medicines identified through correlation analysis were Cuscutae Semen-Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,Cuscutae Semen-Achyranthes aspera,Cuscutae Semen-Commelina communis,Cuscutae Semen-Mori Cortex,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi-Achyranthes aspera,Achyranthes asp era-Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi-Mori Cortex,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi-Commelina communis.The four core prescrip-tions were obtained by cluster analysis:Fructus Ligustri Luci-di-Cuscutae Semen-Mori Cortex-Commelina communis-Eu-onymus alatus-Achyranthes aspera,Commelina communis-Mori Cortex-Radix Puerariae-Salvia miltiorrhiza-Cuscutae Semen-Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,Fructus Ligustri Luci-di-Commelina communis-Cuscutae Semen-Mori Cortex-Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn,Mori Cor-tex-Cuscutae Semen-Folium Nelumbinis-Commelina communis-Fructus Ligustri Lucidi-Chuanxiong Rhizoma.Conclu-sion Professor Liang Xiaochun treats diabetic microvascular complications with the main therapeutic principles of invigorat-ing blood circulation to remove blood stasis,clearing away phlegm to eliminate turbidity,and supplementing deficiencies to support the body's vital energy.

Purpose: The axon guidance factors and Rho/ROCK pathway play crucial roles in axon protection and nerve repair and has been implicated in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study investigates the protective effects of quercetin against DPN, focusing on axon guidance factors and Rho/ROCK pathway. Methods: DPN was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to Sprague-Dawley rats. The DPN model rats were allocated into three groups and administered quercetin at two different doses (30 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day) or a placebo. Concurrently, healthy rats were divided into two groups and administered either a placebo or quercetin (60 mg/kg/day). Administration was initiated 8 weeks post-STZ injection and continued for a duration of six weeks. To assess quercetin's neuroprotective effects, biochemical analyses, neurological function tests (mechanical threshold, thermal response latency, motor nerve conduction velocity), and morphological assessments via transmission electron microscopy were conducted. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical assays were performed on sciatic nerve tissue and high glucose-induced RSC96 rat Schwann cells to explore quercetin's pharmacological effects on DPN. Results: Quercetin exhibited neuroprotective effects on both DPN rats and RSC96 cells exposed to high-glucose. A six-week administration of quercetin at both doses significantly improved the peripheral neurological functions and alleviated the pathological changes in sciatic nerve of DPN rats (P<0.05). Mechanistically, quercetin markedly upregulated the expressions of axonal growth factors, Slit-2 and Netrin-1 in vivo and in vitro (P<0.05), while inhibiting the aberrant activation of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the sciatic nerve of DPN rats. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that quercetin improves DPN through a novel mechanism, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for DPN therapy.

Objective To evaluate the teaching performance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)course for the first three grades of the"4+4"reform pilot class in clinical medicine at Peking Union Medical College.Methods An anonymous survey was conducted using Questionnaire Star and the responses from TCM Teaching Questionnaire completed by students were statistically analyzed and summarized.Results Most students expressed interest in TCM and deemed it necessary to study TCM course.They believed that teachers well prepared for teach-ing performance and the teaching content was well-aligned with the textbooks,syllabus,and lecture slides.The teaching content was closely integrated with clinical practice,and students were satisfied with the teaching methods and approaches.Conclusions Teaching evaluations help teachers to summarize their teaching experiences and im-prove the teaching quality of the TCM course.

Background: Cinnamaldehyde (CMD) is a major functional component of Cinnamomum verum and has shown treatment effects against diverse bone diseases. This study aimed to assess the anti-diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) potential of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to explore the underlying mechanism driving the activity of CMD.Methods: A DOP model was induced via an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) into Sprague–Dawley rats, and then two different doses of CMD were administered to the rats. The effects of CMD on the strength, remodeling activity, and histological structure of the bones were assessed. Changes in the netrin-1 related pathways also were detected to elucidate the mechanism of the anti-DOP activity by CMD.Results: CMD had no significant effect on the body weight or blood glucose level of the model rats. However, the data showed that CMD improved the bone strength and bone remodeling activity as well as attenuating the bone structure destruction in the DOP rats in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of netrin-1, DCC, UNC5B, RANKL, and OPG was suppressed, while the expression of TGF-β1, cathepsin K, TRAP, and RANK was induced by the STZ injection. CMD administration restored the expression of all of these indicators at both the mRNA and protein levels, indicating that the osteoclast activity was inhibited by CMD.Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that CMD effectively attenuated bone impairments associated with DM in a STZ-induced DOP rat model, and the anti-DOP effects of CMD were associated with the modulation of netrin-1/DCC/UNC5B signal transduction.

BACKGROUND:Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a serious complication of diabetes that lacks effective treatment. Gastrodin, the primary bioactive compound derived from Rhizoma Gastrodiae, has a long history in treating epilepsy and various central nervous system disorders. However, its effect on DPN remains uncertain. PURPOSE:This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of gastrodin in the treatment of DPN. METHOD:DPN model rats were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) injection and divided into four groups receiving either gastrodin at two doses (30 and 60 mg kg-1 per day), α-lipoic acid (positive drug, 60 mg kg-1 per day), or placebo. Healthy rats were administrated with placebo. The administrations began eight weeks post-STZ injection and continued for six weeks. Following a comprehensive evaluation of the neuroprotective effects, a systematic pharmacology-based approach was subsequently employed to investigate the underlying mechanism of gastrodin in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS:Gastrodin was demonstrated to effectively enhance peripheral nerve function and reduce pathological damages in DPN rats. Furthermore, gastrodin facilitated the expression of remyelination-related proteins and mitigated oxidative stress in DPN rats. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the modulation of energy metabolism was pivotal in the neuroprotective effect of gastrodin, corroborated by targeted metabolomic analysis using high-performance ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Using network pharmacology analysis, 12 potential targets of gastrodin were identified. Among these, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) was further validated as the primary target through molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assays. Functional Analysis of the potential targets underscored the pivotal role of AMPK signaling, and gastrodin demonstrated the capability to activate AMPK and inhibit MMP9 in vivo. In vitro studies further found that gastrodin enhanced antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function of high glucose-cultured rat Schwann cells RSC96 in an AMPK-dependent manner. Inhibition of AMPK hindered the decrease of MMP9 induced by gastrodin in vitro. CONCLUSION:This study revealed the new role of gastrodin in alleviating DPN by restoring the homeostasis of energy metabolism through activating AMPK and inhibiting MMP9. These findings highlight gastrodin's potential as a novel therapeutic candidate against DPN, and underscores an appealing strategy of regulating energy metabolism for DPN therapy.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Jinmaitong (JMT) is a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine that is composed of 12 crude drugs. It has been used in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) for more than 30 years. AIM OF STUDY:Microglia are thought to play an important role in neuropathic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of JMT against DNP and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in which the microglia and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were mainly involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The chemical composition of JMT was analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The diabetes model was constructed using 11 to 12-week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat (fa/fa). The model rats were divided into 5 groups and were given JMT at three dosages (11.6, 23.2, and 46.4 g/kg, respectively, calculated as the crude drug materials), JAK inhibitor AG490 (positive drug, 10 μg/day), and placebo (deionized water), respectively, for eight weeks (n = 6). Meanwhile, Zucker lean controls (fa/+) were given a placebo (n = 6). Body weight was tested weekly and blood glucose was monitored every 2 weeks. The mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia were assessed using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) tests. After treatment, the microglia activation marker Iba-1, CD11B, CD68, neuroinflammatory mediators, and mediators of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were compared between different groups. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. RESULTS:We found that JMT significantly inhibited the overactivation of microglia in spinal cords, and suppressed neuroinflammation of DNP model rats, thereby ameliorating neurological dysfunction and injuries. Furthermore, these effects of JMT could be attributed to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggested that JMT effectively ameliorated DNP by modulating microglia activation via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study provided a basis for further research on the therapeutic strategies of DNP.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics have been used to accurately assess glycemic variability (GV) to facilitate management of diabetes mellitus, yet their relationship with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is not fully understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between GV metrics and the risk of developing DPN. Nine studies totaling 3,649 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. A significant association was found between increased GV, as indicated by metrics including standard deviation (SD) with OR and 95% CI of 2.58 (1.45-4.57), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) with OR and 95% CI of 1.90 (1.01-3.58), mean of daily difference (MODD) with OR and 95% CI of 2.88 (2.17-3.81) and the incidence of DPN. Our findings support a link between higher GV and an increased risk of DPN in patients with diabetes. These findings highlight the potential of GV metrics as indicators for the development of DPN, advocating for their inclusion in diabetes management strategies to potentially mitigate neuropathy risk. Longitudinal studies with longer observation periods and larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these associations across diverse populations.

Objective To screen the potential pharmacological targets of Ningzhi capsule, a lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine, and explore its mechanism of effect. Methods The components and predicted targets of Ningzhi capsule′s constituent drugs were obtained from BATMAN-TCM database. Hyperlipidemia-related targets were obtained from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The Venny2.1.0 tool was used to map drug targets and disease targets to obtain common targets as potential pharmacological targets. Protein-protein interaction analysis (STRING), gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis (DAVID) were performed for the common targets. Finally, Swiss dock was used for molecular docking verification. Results A total of 1 432 predicted targets of Ningzhi capsule and 87 targets related to hyperlipidemia were found and 32 common targets were screened which covered 64 potential pharmacological ingredients of Ningzhi capsule. Potential pharmacological targets were most abundant for turmeric root-tuber, turmeric and cattail pollen, and potential pharmacological ingredients were most abundant for sickle senna seed, turmeric and turmeric root-tuber. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) had the highest hyperlipidemia correlation scores and more protein interactions, which were potential core targets. The biological processes related to DNA transcription were significantly enriched. Cholesterol metabolism, cGMP-PKG and PPAR signaling pathways were involved with APOE, NOS3 and PPARA, respectively. Molecular docking showed good binding activity. Conclusions There are many potential pharmacological ingredients of Ningzhi capsule and the key components for lowering lipids include turmeric root-tuber, turmeric, cattail pollen and sickle senna seed. APOE, NOS3 and PPARA are believed to be the key targets for lowering lipids with potential mechanism related to cholesterol metabolism, cGMP-PKG and PPAR signaling pathways.

Cronkhite-Canada综合征是一种以多系统受累为表现的罕见病.梁晓春教授应用中西医结合的方法治疗1例Cronkhite-Canada综合征,随诊半年余,疗效显著.

Review question / Objective: We conducted this systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the morbidity of PCOS of GnRHa treatment in children with CPP in order to provide the reference of the long‐term safety of GnRHa therapy. Patient, Participant, or population: In the spectrum of CCP, patients presented thelarche, pubarche (TANNER score of at least 2 prior to the age of 8 years), or bone age advancement, and a serum LH concentration of 5 U/L after GnRH (or leuprolide) administration or a basal LH level of 0.3 U/L using ultra-sensitive assays.In the spectrum of PCOS, patients met the 2003 Rotterdam criteria.

复发性口腔溃疡是指发生于口腔黏膜的淡黄色或灰白色的溃烂,伴有灼热疼痛,病程呈反复发作的疾病,患病率约20％ [1].该病病因及发病机制尚未明确,迄今尚缺乏理想的根治方法.梁晓春教授为北京协和医院教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,第六批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,是全国著名中西医结合专家祝谌予教授的唯一硕士研究生,精研医理,勤于临床,擅长内科杂病,对复发性口腔溃疡积累了丰富的治疗经验.笔者有幸侍诊,现将梁师诊治经验撷要如下.

Objective: This study is purposed to investigate the mechanism of action for the drug pair of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Fritillaria Thunbergii for the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy using network pharmacology and molecular docking, and to provide a basis for the clinical application of the drug pair of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Fritillaria Thunbergii. Methods: The chemical constituents of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fritillaria Thunbergii were collected using traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), while the active ingredient action targets were predicted using UniProt and SwissTargetPrediction databases. The relevant targets of adenoid hypertrophy were accessed through OMIM, GeneCards, DrugBank, TTD databases and intersected with active ingredient action targets. The active ingredient adenoid hypertrophy common target protein interaction (PPI) network was established by STRING database, and the PPI network was analyzed by MCODE clustering using Cytoscape 3.9 software to obtain the key targets. The Go and KEGG analyses of PPI networks were performed using the metascape database. Molecular docking was performed to simulate the binding strength between core active components and key targets. Results: A total of 10 active ingredients, 85 potential targets, 224 adenoid hypertrophy related targets, and 27 active ingredient disease common targets from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fritillaria Thunbergii were screened out, while the MCODE clustering analysis of their PPI network resulted in 2 clusters of species. Furthermore, 6 key targets were screened out. Go and KEGG analyses revealed that the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy with Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fritillaria Thunbergii mainly involved ADIPOQ, TP53, PPAR and MAPK molecular functions, as well as pathways in cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Finally, 4 core active ingredients were selected. Among these molecules, naringenin binds to ADIPOQ with a relatively good binding activity, which suggests that ADIPOQ is an important target for Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fritillaria Thunbergii to adenoid hypertrophy. Conclusion: The drug pair of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae-Fritillaria Thunbergii may regulate immune system through such molecular targets as ADIPOQ, TP53, PPAR, MAPK and related chemical pathways, and treat adenoid hypertrophy through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibroblast proliferation mechanisms.

Jinmaitong (JMT) is a compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) for many years. Here, we investigated the effects of JMT on the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis in Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were gavaged with JMT (0.88 g/kg/d) or alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, positive control, 0.48 mmol/kg/d) for 12 weeks. Distilled water was administered as a vehicle control to both diabetic and non-affected control rats. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured. Behavioral changes were tested with mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and tail-flick latency (TFL) tests. Morphological injury associated with DRG was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl's staining. mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1), downstream IL-1β and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real time-PCR and western blot. The results showed that JMT had no effect on blood glucose levels and body weights, but significantly improved MWT and TFL behavior in diabetic rats, and attenuated morphological damage in the DRG tissues. Importantly, JMT decreased the mRNA and protein levels of components of NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. JMT also down-regulated the expression of IL-1β and GSDMD in the DRG of DNP rats. In addition, ALA treatment did not perform better than JMT. In conclusion, JMT effectively relieved DNP by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, providing new evidence supporting JMT as an alternative treatment for DNP.

Objective To evaluate the online teaching of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for undergraduates in Nursing College of Peking Union Medical College in 2020. Methods Totally 144 students were asked to fill in the questionnaire of TCM teaching focusing on 7 parts of questions:the TCM and the courses, comparison of online with offline one, the evaluation of students' autonomous learning, the comprehensive evaluation of teaching, the evaluation of learning outcomes, and the evaluation of examination The overall evaluation of the course and the evaluation of the future application of TCM were statistically analyzed. Results Totally 144 questionnaires were collected. About 90% of the students were interested in TCM and was necessary to learn. There are 76.39% of the students thought that the teaching platform of Tencent conference was the best. In online teaching, 34.72% of the students fully joined the lectures, and the others only joined part of the course. Results also showed that 48.61% of students believed the learning outcome of online teaching was similar to that of offline teaching and 22.22% preferred online one. More than 99% of the students thought that teachers had mastered the skills of using online teaching platform, and the evaluation of quality and effect of teaching was good. Over half of students (66.67%) hoped to introduce MOOC, 45.83% hoped to introduce micro class,38.89% students hoped to use flipped classroom and 55.56% of them chose open book examination combined with usual attendance for final assessment. The results also showed that 39.58% of students thought that TCM was difficult to learn and 46.93% thought that TCM could not be self-taught. More than 50% of the students said that they would let their patients receive TCM treatment or nursing in the future. Conclusions It is necessary for undergraduates in hospital of Western Medicine to study TCM and to increase the teaching hours. Online teaching raises higher standards for teachers, and the evaluation can improve teaching quality.