中国石化资源禀赋相对较差,围绕东部老区小规模隐蔽圈闭精细描述难、西部深层-超深层碳酸盐岩孔缝洞储层成像刻画精度低、非常规领域一体化程度不高等重点领域的油气勘探开发难题,形成了单点高密度地震采集、以叠前逆时偏移成像(RTM)为核心的高精度成像、地震多属性分析以及叠前-叠后储层反演等技术系列,有效提高了地震资料品质,助力稳油增气降本.东部老区主要目的 层沙三段优势频带扩宽了20 Hz以上,有效提高了隐蔽圈闭识别精度;四川盆地超深层生物礁储层预测结果与实钻吻合率达到93％;塔里木盆地顺北超深层断控储集体实现了量化描述,有效支撑了SHB4X、SHBSX等日产千吨井的部署;初步形成非常规领域地质-物探-工程一体化技术,中国石化率先探明了国内首个千亿方常压页岩气田.在取得勘探新成果的同时,中国石化地球物理勘探当前还面临着物探技术对勘探领域拓展和勘探部署支撑的力度不够;物探精度尚不能满足复杂地质目标识别的要求;装备软件"卡脖子"问题依然存在;技术集成和攻关合力不够等4个方面的挑战.展望未来,针对中国石化东部断陷盆地、深层-超深层海相碳酸盐岩、中西部致密碎屑岩、山前带、非常规、海域、火成岩七大重点领域的油气勘探开发难题及物探技术需求,需要提升完善6项核心技术,支撑当前勘探开发;攻关研究5项关键技术,突破技术发展瓶颈;探索储备2项前沿技术,引领未来技术发展.

二叠系茅口组是四川盆地勘探时间最早、目前勘探活动最活跃的层系之一.茅口组气藏按其储层类型可以分为裂缝型、岩溶缝洞型、热液白云岩型、滩相白云岩型和泥灰岩型5类,以岩性气藏为主,在不同区带、不同组段气藏类型表现出差异多样化特征.在梳理前期茅口组勘探成果和分析不同类型气藏特点基础上,明确了台缘滩、台内滩和深缓坡等有利沉积相带与准同生期白云岩化作用、后期热液白云岩化作用、表生岩溶作用、褶皱和断裂等构造作用叠加形成多类型的储层,是四川盆地茅口组天然气富集的主要控制因素;指出相(貌)控岩溶缝洞型储层、滩相白云岩储层和茅口组一段泥灰岩储层具有连片大面积分布、储层品质好等特点,是未来主要的勘探领域,川东北和川南-川东南是茅口组勘探最有利地区,多种类型和多个领域叠合可以形成立体勘探格局.

Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of “four revolutions and one cooperation” and the spirit of the important instruction of “powerful promotion of petroleum exploration and development”. Focusing on strategic breakthrough and large-scale reserve increase, the petroleum exploration enhances the theoretical and technological innovation and highlights high-quality exploration battles, so that a series of important petroleum exploration achievements have been gained. In order to accelerate and promote the development of Sinopec's natural gas business, this paper forecasts Sinopec's exploration direction and development potential of natural gas in the future after comprehensively sorting out the achievements and theoretical and technological progresses of natural gas exploration since the 13th Five-Year Plan. And the following research results are obtained. First, since the 13th Five-Year plan, Sinopec has been persisting in the strategic deployment of “balancing marine and continental facies and focusing conventional and unconventional resources”. According to the idea of “extending marine conventional gas, strengthening marine shale gas and optimizing continental tight gas”, Sinopec innovatively develops the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of marine shale gas in southern China, marine carbonate rock in central–western China and tight clastic rock in central–western China. Second, by virtue of researches, a 3D seismic exploration technology with reservoir identification and description as the basis and sweet spot prediction as the core is developed, and several support equipment and tools are integrated, such as deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion, acid fracturing testing, long horizontal well fracturing and high power electric fracturing, and drillable composite bridge plug. Third, a series of natural gas exploration achievements are obtained in three major fields of marine shale, marine carbonate rock and continental tight clastic rock, and new proven natural gas reserves of 1.0068 × 1012 m3 is achieved, which provides Sinopec with high-quality resource guarantee for the fast increase of natural gas production. Fourth, looking forward, there are abundant natural gas resource bases in Sinopec's licenses, and the main development directions of its natural gas exploration are marine carbonate rock in central–western China, tight clastic rock and shale in central–western China, marine deep clastic rock, and deep clastic rock and igneous rock in the mature areas of eastern China. In conclusion, Sinopec's new proven natural gas reserves during the 14th Five-Year Plan is predicted to be 1.16 × 1012–1.36 × 1012 m3, which can provide a solid resources base for the great development of natural gas in China.

深入总结中国石油化工股份有限公司(简称中国石化)"十三五"期间在不同勘探领域取得的各项成果,梳理和分析油气成藏理论新认识和技术新进展,以期为"十四五"发展规划编制提供依据.5年来,中国石化大力推进高质量勘探,通过攻关中西部三大盆地海相碳酸盐岩、四川盆地致密气及深层—常压页岩气、东部成熟探区复杂隐蔽油气藏、中西部碎屑岩致密油气等领域的油气富集理论、甜点预测技术及低成本工程工艺技术,发现并培育了塔里木盆地顺北油田、四川盆地涪陵页岩气田两个10×108t级大油气田,拓展了 6个亿吨级规模效益增储阵地.通过中国石化矿权区油气资源赋存状况研究,明确了"十四五"发展思路及措施:立足长期低油价下高质量发展,加大勘探力度,拓展资源类型、突出区带整体、注重低品位盘活,加快推进勘探大突破大发现,预计新增探明石油地质储量9.6×108t、天然气地质储量1.16×1012m3.为确保发展目标顺利实现,提出了持续加大勘探投入、加大地震勘探、加强风险勘探、加强科技创新、提升工程技术5项保障措施.

战略重组以来,中国石化上游资源战略稳步推进,构建了由东部到西部、由石油到油气、由常规到非常规及新能源的发展格局,形成了石油稳定发展、天然气快速发展、新能源有序推进、海外油气业务持续优化、工程技术支撑能力不断提升、信息化与智能化建设快速推进的发展态势.2016年以来,油气勘探开发成效显著,塔里木盆地、四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩领域油气储量、产量实现大规模增长,东部成熟探区精细勘探开发实现效益增储建产,中西部盆地碎屑岩勘探开发实现效益建产,四川盆地深层、常压页岩气勘探开发取得新突破,海外油气勘探取得新进展.展望未来,中国石化以保障国家能源安全为己任,大力提升国内油气勘探开发力度、持续优化海外油气勘探开发结构、加快推进天然气产供储销体系建设、积极推进新能源业务发展,大力推进高质量勘探、效益开发,实现规模增储上产,确保“七年行动计划”目标顺利实现.

复合大陆内部的山前冲断特征及其结构分带研究是探索山前带油气富集分布规律的有效方法.通过对中国中西部地区主要山前带深部地质结构与沉积盖层构造变形特征的分析,认为陆内山前冲断变形受控于不同层次的滑脱层、复合陆块空间几何形态与位置.复合陆内山前冲断是在板块边缘构造挤压应力作用下,由造山楔向盆地方向沿不同深度的滑脱层发生阶梯式拆离冲断引起的构造形变.基于此认识,建立了以"主滑脱层深度为主、兼顾变形样式"为原则的复合陆内山前冲断变形4分带模式,即复合陆内山前冲断变形由古造山带向盆地依次划分出厚皮带、过渡带、薄皮带,其中过渡带又可划分为过渡Ⅰ带和Ⅱ带.变形带在变形构造层、构造样式、断层破裂机制、褶皱方式、断层相关褶皱原理与几何学模式等方面均具有各自独特的特征.陆内冲断变形带结构类型与油气聚集成藏有明显的关联响应:规模油气发现主要分布在过渡带;过渡Ⅰ带多为残留或调整型油气藏,成藏过程具有边聚集、边调整的特点,带内前缘油气相对富集;过渡Ⅱ带以晚期成藏为主,断裂形态及其与盖层的匹配样式是油气成藏富集的关键,带内中部是油气富集相对有利部位.中西部山前厚皮构造向薄皮构造转换的过渡部位是山前地震勘探技术攻关与勘探部署的重点.

低油价以来,中国石油化工股份有限公司（以下简称中国石化）油气勘探工作积极转变观念,以高效勘探为目标,立足大盆地、聚焦大目标,突出重点、分清层次,持续推进海相碳酸盐岩、东部陆相断陷盆地、中西部碎屑岩、页岩油气以及新区的突破发现与规模增储工程,形成了石油稳定增储稳产、天然气快速增储上产的局面。分析认为中国石化探区剩余油气资源丰富,石油勘探总体上处于早中期阶段、天然气勘探处于早期阶段,具备持续发展的资源基础。在资源禀赋日益变差、国际油价持续低迷等多重因素叠加下,勘探工作需要进一步解放思想、坚定信心,以东部陆相断陷盆地、海相碳酸盐岩、中西部碎屑岩、页岩油气、海域等领域为重点,依靠理论、技术、管理创新,持续推进老区精细勘探、新区新领域突破发现工程,不断夯实可持续发展的资源基础。

To improve economic evaluation of traps in a highly-explored area and serve for exploration decision of oilfield,an economic evaluation system for traps in a highly-explored area was developed.The main functions of the system include the followings.① The artificial neutral network method can be used to carry out non-linear "analogy" on the available typical trap parameters database,so as to confirm trap types and the mode of exploration,development and production,to simulate the full process of oil/gas exploration and development,and to conduct quantitative economic evaluation of traps,which overcomes the disadvantages of traditional evaluation method;② Monte Carlo simulation method can be used to carry out sensitive factor and uncertainty analysis of trap economic evaluation,and realize quantification of trap risks;③ The optimal linearity theory can be used to perform optimization analysis of investment income and exploration risks,realizing integral evaluation of risk and portfolio.The system has been applied in Shengli oilfield,which drills over 30 exploration wells every year with a success rate of over 40%.

Detailed research with CL and EPMA on carbonate minerals shows that CL intensity on carbonate mineral is related with trace element contents and EPMA beam current,the CL image is correspondent with EPMA element distributing mapping:Calcite CL intensity is related with Mn contents and in less beam current Mn rich areas will emit stronger CL but in larger beam current with cloudy CL image because the exists of Fe that will decrease the CL intensity.The dolomite has a distinctively inner CL image with sometimes showing dolomite rings in less beam current,but with larger beam current the inner CL difference of dolomites disappeared,the CL intensity of dolomites are apparently related with Mn,Fe trace element mapping of EPMA and CL can gives more detail of the carbonate minerals.The CL and EPMA technique can be useful in carbonate reservoir texture,cement sequence and pore evolution analysis.

In the exploration and development of fluvial lithologic reservoir, the identification of channel sand body boundary is the key. Because of the small-scale and large scattered degree of the channel sand body and the limited resolution of seismic data,there is uncertainty in seismic recognition of sand body boundary.In dense well network condition,through the application of drilling and logging data,starting from the sedimentary characteristics and evolution of meandering river,we analyzed the distribution rules of fluvial sand body boundary,studied the contact relationship between the river boundaries,built their typical patterns,and identified the recognition signs of single channel boundary,including the sediments of abandoned channel,discontinuous interfluvial sand body,contrast of top layer and thickness difference of river sand body.The corresponding geologic models were separately established.Seismic forward modeling technology was used to analyze the seismic response characteristics of the sand bodies that take the four identification signs as boundary conditions.The changing rules of reflection amplitude, frequency,phase,wave form and time were analyzed,and the probability was discussed by using horizontal slice,coherent analysis and seismic attributes to recognize the sand body boundary with different identification signs.The achievements were used in Laol68 well area of Jiyang Depression for channel sand body identification and reservoir description,and good result was obtained.

The Hefei Basin has experinced three regional reconnaissance survey since 1958. In recent years, Shengli oilfield increased investment to the basin and threw in a large amount of funds to carry out seismic and nonseismic exploration, including the highprecision gravity, magnetic and geochemical prospecting covering the whole basin, a 8km×8km 2D seismic measuring network running through the whole area in length and breadth and eight electrical profiles. In view of the exploration situation of the basin, a wealth of gravity, magnetic and electrical data were used to focus on the target processing of gravity and magnetic data instead of routine processing models.The gravity and magnetic anomaly information and electrical characteristics of regional tectonics, local structures and faults in this area were obtained rapidly and correctly, and the related graphs were drew. This provided reliable, full and accurate bases for the comprehensive hydrocarbon assessment of the Hefei Basin, and resulted in a new set of thinking about gravity and magnetic processing suitable to new area prospecting. Meanwhile, as the Hefei Basin was short of physical property data and rich in geophysical data, a statistical deduction inversion methoel which did not rely upon physical property parameters was proposed. Combined with the 31 seismic traverse data and the gravity and magnetic data of the whole area, a statistical relationship formula was established, the burial depth of the Indosinian discontinuity was calculated by inversion, the integrated gravity, magnetic and seismic inversed Indosinian discontinuity structural mep was drew successfully, and the structural distribution patterns of the areas not involved by the seismic measuring network were depicted in detail. Basides, HF700 and HF340 two sections were subjected to integrated gravity, magnetic, electrical and seismic interpretation, and well geological effects were obtained.