A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the maximum level of substitution of dietary fish meal by various proportions of corn protein meal, cottonseed meal and soybean meal supplemented with crystalline lysine, methinoine and arginine according to amino acid profile for fish meal for Hemibarbus maculatu juveniles weighing 14.84 g. The fish were stocked into 15 net cages of each 60 cm×60 cm×120 cm placed in a flowing tank and fed with 5 diets containing 37.0% crude protein with the same amino acid profile but with 28.0%(F0,control),21.0%(F1), 14.0%(F2), 7.0%(F3)and 0%(F4)levels of fish meal at water temperature of 25.0±3.0℃ for breeding 100 days. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P0.05) in survival rate in the fish fed with different levels of fish meal. The fish fed with the diet containing 21.0% fish meal supplemented with the amino acids had significantly higher growth, immunity and digestive enzymatic activities than the fish fed with the diets containing 28.0% fish meal(control group) (P0.05). However, the fish fed with the diet containing 14.0% and 7.0% fish meal supplemented with the amino acids had the same growth, immunity and digestive enzymatic activities as the fish fed with the diets containing 28.0% fish meal (control group) (P 0.05). There was significantly lower growth, immunity and digestive enzymatic activities in the fish fed the diets containing 0% fish meal than in the fish fed the diets containing 14.0% and 7.0% fish meal (P0.05). Our experiment results suggested that plant feedstuffs supplemented with crystalline amino acids could replace dietary fish meal in Hemibarbus maculatu juveniles by 18.69%. The muscular moisture and ash levels were not significantly affected by the substitution of dietary fish meal by various plant proteins (P 0.05), but the muscular protein, total amino acid, essential amino acid and fat levels were higher in the fish fed with the diets containing various plant proteins supplemented with crystalline amino acids than in the fish fed with the control diets.

在以鱼粉和豆饼为蛋白源的含粗蛋白量为42.0%的基础饲料中,分别加入益母草、川芎(F1)、山药、党参(F2)、熟地、何首乌(F3)、枸杞、女贞子(F4)、淫羊霍、杜仲等(F5)中草药,在流水网箱中饲养平均体重12.0g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson),以不添加中草药组为对照组(F0),研究了中草药对2冬龄黄颡鱼性腺发育的影响.

Juvenile Hemibarbus maculatus weighting 5.90 g were stocked into 15 net cages of each 60 cm × 60 cm × 120 cm and fed diets containing 25.0%,31.0%,37.0%,43.0% and 49.0% crude protein at(22±3)℃ for 100 days.The results showed that the fish fed the diets containing 33.42%-38.79% protein had the maximal special growth rate(SGR),and protein efficiency ratio(PER) and the minimal food conversion ratio(FCR)(P0.05).There were the maximal protein levels(from 53.18% to 57.97%) in the muscles in the fish fed the diets containing the protein levels varying from 25.0% to 37.0%.There were the maximal lipid levels(from 14.36% to 17.10%) in the muscles in the fish fed the diets containing the protein rangingfrom 25.0% to 31.0%.However,the fish fed the diet containing 49.0% protein had decrease in protein(54.14%) and lipid(15.37%) levels in the muscles.The first increase and then decrease in activities of protease and lipase were observed in the fish fed the diets containing protein varying from 25.0% to 37.0% and 43.0%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the activities of amylase in the digestive tracts in the fish fed the diets containing different protein levels.It is recommended that 38.79%-33.42% dietary protein be of optimum for juvenile and marketable Hemibarbus maculates.

A feeding trial was designed to evaluate the effects of some Chinese herb medicines on growth and digestibility in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)jveniles averaging 15.5 g at 20.0-30.0℃.The fish were stocked into 12 net cages of each 60 cm×60 cm×120 cm placed in a flowing tank and fed 4 formulated diets containing 42.0% crude protein(fishmeal and soybean meal as protein sources) supplemented with Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Chuanxiong(F1);Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Angelicase Sinensis(F2);Fructus Crataegi and Fructus Hordei Germinatus(F3) and without Chinese herb medicine as control(F0) for 12 weeks.The results showed that there were 58.33%,8.33%和79.17% higher special growth rate in the fish in Group F1,Group F2,and Group F3 than that in the control group(P<0.01).The fish in Group F1,and Group F2 had 77.61%,47.52% higher intestinal protease activity and 94.51%,67.07% higher lipase activity than the animals in Group F0 had,respectively,thus,higher apparent digestibility for the dietary dry matter,protein and fat.Meanwhile,the fish in Group F1,and Group F2 had lower amylase activity than the fish in Group F0 had.There were 7.67%,6.60% and 6.23% higher amino acid levels,especially essential amino acids including methionine,in muscles in the fish Group F1,Group F2,and Group F3 than that in the fish in the control group,respectively.

在水温由14 ℃自然降至6 ℃的越冬期间,对黄颡鱼进行对照实验.对其血液指标和肠道酶活性测定结果表明,在整个越冬期,摄食鱼血液中血红蛋白(g%)和γ-球蛋白(g%)含量及血清溶菌酶(IU)的活性均高于饥饿鱼,即黄颡鱼摄食亚麻酸和亚油酸含量占总脂肪酸18.48%～21.62%的饲料时,免疫力较强.越冬期摄食黄颡鱼肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的活性随水温上升而增加,且高于饥饿鱼,与其免疫能力的增加相一致.