鸭绿江流经吉林、辽宁两省,由于地理条件和自然环境适宜,鱼类资源丰富,既有冷水性鱼类和温水性鱼类,还有河口性鱼类,蕴藏有许多名特经济鱼类.近年来,为满足广大养殖者和消费者的需求,在鸭绿江鱼类开发利用方面进行了大量的研究工作,对推动辽宁淡水渔业的发展,农民增收致富起到了重要的作用.本文综述了鸭绿江鱼类资源特点、亚洲公鱼、香鱼、斑鳜、唇(黯)及鸭绿沙塘鳢等主要经济鱼类的开发利用研究及养殖现状,并围绕鸭绿江鱼类资源调查、网箱养殖管理、良种选育及饲料开发等方面提出了建议.

北方地区稻田养殖扣蟹已有20余年历史,在水稻不减产的情况下,通过降低农药化肥使用量,增加农家肥、环保农药使用,达到改善农业生态环境、提高水稻品质和养殖河蟹品质的目的,可促进农民增产增收.为了稻田规模化养殖扣蟹,结合北方地区扣蟹养殖方式,研究密度对扣蟹生长和效益的影响,探索北方地区合理的扣蟹养殖密度,为养殖户提供理论支撑,促进稻蟹双丰收,达到增产增收的目的.

From October to November in 2014 ,Guppy cultivated in greenhouse of ornamental fish farm in Liaoyang area commonly broke out amoebiasis .The pathogen was preliminarily identified as Pelo‐myxa palustris .Principal apparent symptoms of diseased fish were swimming slowly ,decreased ap‐petitie ,up to no feeding and fester on partial surface of both sides .A large number of P .p alustris were found in microscopic examination .Experiment results showed that both soaking the diseased fish in 0.5% ~1 .0% mixed liquid of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (1:3) for 4~5 min and in 500~1 500 mg/L of Quinine hydrochloride for 15 min had some effect .It had better control effect by soaking the diseased fish in mixed liquid of artemisinin ,TMP and artemether(300 mg/L∶60 mg/L∶10 mg/L)for 20~30 min .

The eutrophication was evaluated in six domestic water supply reservoirs including Dahuofang, Tanghe, Biliuhe, Chaihe, Guanyinge and Huanren in Liaoning Province during 2008 and 2009 by weighted comprehensive nutrition state index TLI(∑) to understand the trophical status in the reservoirs in Liaoning Province. The results showed that five domestic water supply reservoirs were found under eutrophication except Biliuhe Reservoir. The Cluster analysis revealed that six reservoirs in Liaoning Province were divided into three categories, and the princi-pal component analysis ( PCA) indicated that the levels of NH+4-N, NO-3-N, and total phosphorus ( TP) were the primary impact factors. The reasons for the eutrophication in the reservoirs were discussed, and suggestion on the effective protection of water environment and management was provided, including ( 1 ) establishment of water source protection organization for comprehensive management of water source reservoirs; ( 2 ) Prohibition of cage culture, and full development of water conservation fisheries;(3) regulation of water conservancy project, and re-search on human and material resources to strengthen the chemical and biological monitoring of water source reser-voirs, warning and forecasting of potential ecological risk in time; ( 4 ) ecological restoration measurement being taken in the seriously eutrophic reservoirs.

利用2块666.67 m2的水稻田块进行台湾泥鳅的饲养试验.放养平均体长3 cm的台湾泥鳅共计10000尾,并且通过将试验田加宽、加深开挖环沟改善台湾泥鳅产量、规格、效益,通过2年的试验结果表明,稻田生态养殖台湾泥鳅方式可促使农民增产增收.

研究了“稻蟹共作”模式下稻蟹产出以及不同日期土壤的pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等理化指标的变化。结果表明：“稻蟹共作”模式下，养蟹田水稻的实粒数、实粒重、空粒重、单位产量均高于非养蟹田，但二者之间差异不显著；与非养蟹田相比，养蟹田千粒重略小，但水稻的单位产量增加了3．55％。河蟹收获时，体质量由14．9 g增至（84．45±3．62）g ，增重倍数接近6；根据当年河蟹收购价格15元／kg ，扣除稻田工程、饲料及防逃设施费用，利润可达3661．5元／hm2。不同日期养蟹田土壤的pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾与非养蟹田无显著性差异。

<正>随着集约化养殖的发展,草鱼养殖病害发生呈上升趋势,为防治病害超量使用抗生素、化学药物等,导致耐药菌株增加,药物残留、环境污染加重。因此使用天然环保无残留的免疫增强剂防治鱼病逐渐受到重视。本研究旨在验证不同含量天然免疫调节剂对草鱼抗病能力、生长性能和养殖效益的影响,为草鱼健康养殖提供支持。

The acute toxicity of avermectin, chlorpyrifos and triazophos to juvenile Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) with body weight (6.3±0.9)g was studied at water temperature of 20~23℃and pH 7.5 by a semi-static test method. The results showed that the median-lethal concentration of avermectin was found to be 126.02mg·L-1 for 24h, 95.82 mg·L-1 for 48h, 82.74 mg·L-1 for 72h and 73.44mg·L-1 for 96h. The median-lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos was shown to be 0.73 mg·L-1 for 24h, 0.65 mg·L-1 for 48h, 0.56mg·L-1 for 72h and 0.49 mg·L-1 for 96h. The median-lethal concentration of triazophos was 5.56 mg·L-1 for 24h, 4.49 mg·L-1 for 48h, 3.88mg·L-1 for 72h and 3.62mg·L-1 for 96h. The acute toxicity order of the three pesticides to Chinese mitten crab juveniles was ranged as chlorpyrifos>triazophos>avermectin.

安氏新银鱼的矢耳石呈不规则卵圆形.60尾样品(体长37～52 mm)耳石长半径y与体长x呈线形关系,y＝260.335+2.6234x.光镜下观察了耳石制片的显微结构.耳石中心圆形的核平均直径(25.17±2.40) μm(SD,后同).核中心原基平均直径(7.80±2.22)μm.核周围为同心环纹,即日轮.耳石上日轮数73～101,78.3%的样品分布于83～97日轮范围内.前10个日轮平均间距最窄,为1.76 μm,之后日轮间距逐渐增宽,60～70日轮平均间距最宽(2.70 μm),而后日轮间距又变窄.依日轮间距推算的体长生长,前10日龄平均日增长0.34 mm,以后生长加快,60～70日龄平均日增长最快,为0.52 mm.依据采样日期,日轮数和胚胎发育期推断,样品鱼的产卵期为4月中旬至5月中旬,出生日期为4月下旬至5月下旬.从最初2～3个日轮间距最宽,4～10日轮间距较窄判断,其卵黄营养期为3～4 d,混合营养期为6～7 d.部分样品在48～72日轮处有过渡轮,应是由近海(盐度27～30)到河口(盐度6～18)盐度急剧变化诱导形成的,表明幼鱼有到河口摄食洄游的习性.

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the maximum level of substitution of dietary fish meal by various proportions of corn protein meal, cottonseed meal and soybean meal supplemented with crystalline lysine, methinoine and arginine according to amino acid profile for fish meal for Hemibarbus maculatu juveniles weighing 14.84 g. The fish were stocked into 15 net cages of each 60 cm×60 cm×120 cm placed in a flowing tank and fed with 5 diets containing 37.0% crude protein with the same amino acid profile but with 28.0%(F0,control),21.0%(F1), 14.0%(F2), 7.0%(F3)and 0%(F4)levels of fish meal at water temperature of 25.0±3.0℃ for breeding 100 days. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P0.05) in survival rate in the fish fed with different levels of fish meal. The fish fed with the diet containing 21.0% fish meal supplemented with the amino acids had significantly higher growth, immunity and digestive enzymatic activities than the fish fed with the diets containing 28.0% fish meal(control group) (P0.05). However, the fish fed with the diet containing 14.0% and 7.0% fish meal supplemented with the amino acids had the same growth, immunity and digestive enzymatic activities as the fish fed with the diets containing 28.0% fish meal (control group) (P 0.05). There was significantly lower growth, immunity and digestive enzymatic activities in the fish fed the diets containing 0% fish meal than in the fish fed the diets containing 14.0% and 7.0% fish meal (P0.05). Our experiment results suggested that plant feedstuffs supplemented with crystalline amino acids could replace dietary fish meal in Hemibarbus maculatu juveniles by 18.69%. The muscular moisture and ash levels were not significantly affected by the substitution of dietary fish meal by various plant proteins (P 0.05), but the muscular protein, total amino acid, essential amino acid and fat levels were higher in the fish fed with the diets containing various plant proteins supplemented with crystalline amino acids than in the fish fed with the control diets.

稻田工程对于稻田渔业的发展起到了很大的影响,它能提高稻田水体的负载力,改善水体环境,增加鱼产量,从而提高了农民收入.本文通过对有鱼沟的稻田和无鱼沟稻田的水温、溶解氧及氨氮的监测,分析两者水质指标的差异,通过对二者间的差异分析,从而得出导致影响鱼产量因素.

Artificial propagation tests of Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner were conducted in Fengcheng city in Liaoning Province during June 2008 and June 2009.By strengthening brood stock cultivation,selection and improvement of breeding conditions,the result indicated that the average spawning rate increased from 75.0% to 95.3%,the average fertilization rate increased from 50.0% to 92.3%,as well as the yield of larvae per brood stock increased from 4066 to 10056,while the rate of deformed juvenile decreased from 5% to 1%.It was suggested that the improved method was easy and efficient.

Four feed formulations containing 38.06%,33.43%,28.48% and 25.32% of protein were fed to Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis cultured in paddy fields for 90 days.The results showed that when the diet contains protein 38.06 %,fat 6.01 % and calcium-phosphorus ratio 1.35,the growth was the best with the highest profit,and that higher nutritional level promoted,improved the quality of the crab and increased profit the sharply.

采用稻田围隔法,研究了中华绒螯蟹放养规格和密度对生长和产量的影响.放养设3个规格:5.0、6.3、8.3 g/只,每一规格设3个密度,即7500、9750、12000只/hm2,每一密度设2个重复.试验结果表明:放养规格和密度对中华绒螯蟹生长和产量均有显著影响.

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary ascorbic acid(vitamin C) on growth and some immune indexes in the juvenile Hemibarbus maculates.The juveniles with 14.84 g in initial body weight were stocked into 12 net cages of each 60 cm ×60 cm×120 cm placed in two flowing water concrete tanks of each 6.0 m×2.0 m×1.2 m at a rate of 25 individuals per cage and fed semi-purified formulated feed containing 37.0% of crude protein and 11.0% of crude lipid,and supplemented with four levels(0,1 000,2 000,3 000 mg/kg diet) of 95% coated-ascorbic acid with triplication for each diet at a water temperature of(25.0±3.0)℃ for 125 days.The survival of the juveniles ranged from 93.33% to 98.67% during the experiment,without significant differences among the groups(P>0.05).The specific growth rate(SGR) of the fish increased with increase in dietary vitamin C levels first,and then decreased.The fish fed the diets containing the vitamin C levels of 1 415.78 mg/kg and 1 451.74 mg/kg had the maximal SGR and the minimal feed conversion ratio(FCR).The maximal serurm γ-globulin level,and activities of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase(SOD),very significantly different from the control group(P<0.01),were found in the fish fed the diets containing the vitamin C levels of 973.00,2 857.00 and 1 882.00 mg/kg,respectively.There were very significantly higher activities of protease,amylase and lipase in the hepatopancreas of Hemibarbus maculates fed the diets supplemented with vitamin C than those in the fish fed the diets without vitamin C supplementation(P<0.01).

Histological observation of ontogenetic development of the digestive system was conducted in sleeper Odontobutis yaluensis sampled daily from 5-day embryo to juveniles(3 days after hatch,3 DAH) at 18.0—21.0℃.Ontogenetic development of the digestive system in sleeper can be divided into two stages: Stage A including Phases A-1,A-2,A-3 and A-4 in embryonic stage,and Stage B comprising Phases B-1,B-2,and B-3 at hatch.A straight digestive tract lining with simple cubic epithelium was observed in Phase A-1(5-day embryo).At this phase, there were no folds in the intestine and no digestive glands.At Phase A-2(6day embryo) the digestive tract enlarged in length and diameter,lining with columnar epithelia and tiny folds.The liver,bile sac and bile tube entering the digestive tract were found,but no pancreas in this phase.By Phase A-3(8-day embryo),the intestine with strong longitudinal and circular striated muscles had become much wider and deeper folds.The yolk was absorbed and moved into abdomen and the air bladder appeared.At Phase A-4(9-day embryo),the intestine was coiled and folding was evident.The liver,pancreas and bile sac were primarily formed.By Phase B-1(1 DAH),the pharyngeal teeth were present in mucosa at pharynx and the gastric gland as a simple cells was not evident.At Phase B-2(2 DAH),the juveniles had an exhausted yolk and initiated to feed on live food such as Chironomus.A constriction was observed in the stomach.By B-3(3—5 DAH),the juveniles had the same digestive system as adult and exogenous nutrition.

在以鱼粉和豆饼为蛋白源的含粗蛋白量为42.0%的基础饲料中,分别加入益母草、川芎(F1)、山药、党参(F2)、熟地、何首乌(F3)、枸杞、女贞子(F4)、淫羊霍、杜仲等(F5)中草药,在流水网箱中饲养平均体重12.0g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson),以不添加中草药组为对照组(F0),研究了中草药对2冬龄黄颡鱼性腺发育的影响.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance in Hemibarbus maculates. The juveniles (14.38 g body weight) were stocked into 18 net cages, 60 cm × 60 cm × 120 cm per cage, which were placed in two concrete ponds of each 6.0 m×2.0 m×1.2 m with flowing water. The water temperature was at 23±5 ℃. The juveniles were fed isonitrogenous semi-purified diets for 100 days containing with fish meal, corn protein, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and soybean oil. The dietary lipid levels were as follows: 5.20%, 7.21%, 9.23%, 11.18%, 13.21% and 15.20%. The results showed that the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were directly proportional to the dietary fat levels in the juveniles fed the diets containing fat less than 11.18%, whereas, there were an inverse correlation at the dietary fat levels over 11.18%. The treatments were no significant difference in crude fat content in the hepatopancreas and muscles (P>0.05) within fat levels from 5.20% to 11.18%. The maximum specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and minimum feed conversion ratio were observed in the juveniles fed the diets containing 11.18% of fat, significantly different from those fed the diets containing 5.20% and 15.20% of fat (P<0.05). With the increase in dietary fat, the fish had high hepatopancreas somatic indices (HSI) and muscular exudative losses. The optimal dietary fat level was suggested to be 9.23%-11.18% for the juveniles.

<正>近年来,辽宁地区稻田河蟹养殖业发展很快,养殖规模不断扩大,产量逐年提高,但成蟹规格偏小,价格低,效益不高。为此我们于2007年在盘锦市盘山县坝墙子镇进行了三种规格扣蟹、不同放养密度的稻田成蟹养殖对比试验,现将情况总结如下。