Single image super-resolution (SISR) often struggles to reconstruct high-resolution (HR) details from heavily degraded low-resolution (LR) inputs. Instead, reference-based super-resolution (RefSR) methods offer an alternative solution to generate promising results using high-quality reference (Ref) images to guide reconstruction. However, existing RefSR datasets focus on limited scene types, primarily featuring human activities and architectural scenes. Plant scenes exhibit complex textures and fine details, essential for advancing RefSR in natural and highly detailed scenes. To this end, we meticulously captured and manually selected high-quality images containing rich textures to construct a large-scale plant dataset, PlantRSR, comprising 16,585 HR–Ref pairs. The dataset captures the complexity and variability of plant scenes through extensive variations. In addition, we propose a novel RefSR method specifically designed to tackle the distinct challenges posed by plant imagery. It incorporates a Selective Key-Region Matching (SKRM) that selectively identifies and performs matching between LR and Ref images, focusing on distinctive botanical textures to improve matching efficiency. Additionally, a Texture-Guided Diffusion Module (TGDM) is proposed to refine LR textures by leveraging a diffusion process conditioned on the matched Ref textures. TGDM is effective in modeling irregular and fine textures, thereby facilitating more accurate SR results. The proposed method achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches on our PlantRSR dataset and other Benchmarks.

Biological invasions are considered the second-greatest threat to global biodiversity. In China, nature reserves are crucial in terms of biodiversity conservation, but many are at high risk of biological invasion. However, as climate change progresses, the nature reserve invasion risk posed by invasive alien plants (IAPs) remains unclear. Here, we compiled an inventory of 402 IAPs with over 120,000 occurrences to investigate IAP distribution patterns and the potential invasion risks in China’s nature reserves under current and future climate scenarios. We also analyzed the key environmental and socioeconomic factors influencing IAP distribution. Our results indicate that approximately 63

Ethnic minority medicinal plants (EMMPs) are an underutilized but critical resource for drug discovery; yet, face escalating threats from overharvesting and climate change. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive assessment of 5,820 EMMPs, evaluating their distribution, conservation status, and climate vulnerability to support global biodiversity goals. Key findings reveal distinct biogeographic patterns among ethnic minority medicinal clades, with southwest China harboring most biodiversity hotspots. Alarmingly, conservation effectiveness declines sharply at higher priority thresholds, leaving many critical habitats unprotected. Meanwhile, climate projections reveal severe range contractions for endemic and threatened EMMPs, even in traditional refugia like the Hengduan Mountains. Our study exposes urgent gaps in EMMP conservation and provides an evidence-based framework to prioritize protection efforts. These insights directly support the implementation of the “30 × 30” initiative, thus offering targeted strategies to safeguard this vital yet neglected component of biodiversity.

The species Tarenna pendula (Rubiaceae), a small shrub, is newly described and illustrated from southwestern Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. This species is similar to Tarenna tsangii but is readily distinguished by its asymmetrical leaves, larger vegetative leaves than inflorescence leaves, adaxially pilosulous blades, pendulous inflorescences, longer pedicels (15-35 mm vs. 4-7 mm in T. tsangii), shorter corolla tubes (1-1.4 cm vs. 1.8-1.9 cm), multiple ovules per locule (vs. two), and sparsely pubescent fruits containing 13-19 seeds (vs. glabrous fruit containing only four seeds).

The Pan-Himalaya, known as the “Roof of the World”, forms a natural geographic unit covering the entire range of the Himalaya and the Hengduan Mountains in addition to Karakorum and the northeastern extreme of Hindu Kush. The region possesses three biodiversity hotspots and harbors a rich and distinctive flora. Here, we review the history of plant diversity surveys and monographic studies in the region. The contributions of outstanding collectors of Pan-Himalaya are also reviewed, as well as the ongoing international project on the Flora of Pan-Himalaya (FPH). As the main concern of the present review, we showed that the development of botanic survey is uneven among different areas in the Pan-Himalaya region, and that a special concern should be given to northern Myanmar and Yarlung Zangbo–Brahmaputra.

Elucidating the mechanisms driving evolutionary radiation remains a crucial yet challenging endeavor, particularly regarding the evolutionary processes of taxa within key biodiversity areas. In this study, we investigated factors associated with orogenesis and climate cooling that influenced the evolutionary radiation of Impatiens sect. Racemosae (Balsaminaceae) in the Himalaya, Hengduan Mountains (HDM), and surrounding areas. We constructed a robust phylogenetic framework for the section based on plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) with expanded taxon sampling. In addition, we estimated divergence times and ancestral ranges, and conducted diversification rate analyses, ancestral niche reconstruction, and ecological niche modeling for the section. Our findings revealed four major clades within the section, each well supported with high bootstrap values. We inferred that the section originated in the Himalaya during the late Miocene and experienced in situ diversification around 8.74 Ma. Subsequently, dispersal occurred from the Himalaya into surrounding regions through multiple events. Notably, during the middle Pliocene (4.1 Ma), species migrated into the HDM, underwent further in situ diversification, and several lineages subsequently dispersed into the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau and Southeast China, which is consistent with the timing of the HDM orogenesis. The species richness distribution pattern of I. sect. Racemosae was strongly influenced by precipitation, and species within the section exhibited high levels of niche conservatism. Ecological niche modeling revealed a notable pattern of contraction, extension, and subsequent contraction in the distribution of the section after the middle Pliocene. Our findings demonstrate that the evolutionary radiation of I. sect. Racemosae was shaped by the cumulative effects of the HDM orogenesis, Central Asia aridification, and global climate cooling. The elucidation of these key factors provides insights into the dispersal and diversification patterns of I. sect. Racemosae within a key biodiversity area, thereby advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying its evolutionary radiation in this region.

The species Tarennapendula (Rubiaceae), a small shrub, is newly described and illustrated from southwestern Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. This species is similar to Tarennatsangii but is readily distinguished by its asymmetrical leaves, larger vegetative leaves than inflorescence leaves, adaxially pilosulous blades, pendulous inflorescences, longer pedicels (15-35 mm vs. 4-7 mm in T.tsangii), shorter corolla tubes (1-1.4 cm vs. 1.8-1.9 cm), multiple ovules per locule (vs. two), and sparsely pubescent fruits containing 13-19 seeds (vs. glabrous fruit containing only four seeds).

Impatiens is among the most diverse angiosperm genera, comprising more than 1000 species. The phylogenetic relationship among sections of Impatiens remains unclear. Plastomes and mitogenomes are useful for resolving problematic relationships in plant phylogenetics; however, conflicts between the organellar genomes have been reported. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Impatiens using concatenated and multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods based on coding and noncoding regions of the plastome and coding regions of the mitogenome from 139 species, representing all major clades in Impatiens. Conflict analyses were conducted to test and visualize the incongruences between the organellar genomes and within the plastome. The analyses supported the monophyly of all subgenera and sections and identified a new clade (clade Longlinensis), but the relationships among these sections are inconsistent. There was incongruence between the organellar genome trees regarding the relationships among sect. Semeiocardium, sect. Racemosae and clade Longlinensis. There was also incongruence within the plastome regarding the relationships among sections Fasciculatae, Impatiens, Tuberosae, Scorpioidae, and Uniflorae. Our results show that incongruence between organellar genomes likely results from the complex evolutionary history of the genus, involving mixed inheritance of organellar genomes and hybridization. The incongruence within the plastome may result from the limited phylogenetic signal in plastome data, which could be due to the rapid radiation between 15.07 and 12.93 Ma. Specific genes and regions that led to such incongruence have been identified. By confirming the monophyly of Impatiens sections and detecting phylogenetic conflicts, this study provides a unique plastid and mitogenomic perspective on Impatiens phylogeny.

The species Euonymus duanensis (Celastraceae), a small shrub, is newly described and illustrated from karst areas of Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. This species is similar to E. dielsianus but is readily distinguished by its smaller, obovate or elliptic-obovate, 2.0-2.5 x 5-6 cm (versus 4.5-6.0 x 9-15 cm), leaves, with blade margin crenulate, serrulate to serrate (versus margin proximal 1/5-2/5 entire, distal 3/5-4/5 crenulate, serrulate to serrate, sometimes ciliate), reddish flowers and petals (versus flowers and petals green, light yellow, or greenish yellow), petiole less than 0.5 cm, milk white seeds (versus dark brown), and aril bright red and partially covering the seed (versus aril bright red covering seed wholly). The phylogenetic study also revealed an apparent phylogenetic position of the new species among Euonymus species, and the relationships between related species have also been discussed.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Indigenous communities have long relied on medicinal plants (MPs) for primary healthcare. The ethnomedicinal knowledge are different among ethnic groups since the local flora and people's health beliefs generally vary among biocultural backgrounds. China with its diverse biocultural environment is rich in culturally important plant species including MPs. They are also essential in the context of conservation of plant resources and the related traditional medical knowledge, requiring an integrated perspective on these MPs. AIM OF THE STUDY:Focusing on the MPs used by the minority ethnic groups, this study assesses the diversity of MPs in China used in local indigenous traditions, as well as their conservation needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The MPs used by the 18 selected minority ethnic groups were extracted from an ethnic MP dictionary. After standardizing, the names then were compiled as an inventory. Next, following statistics were computed: the number of species in each order and family, species used by each ethnic group, species documented in the national herbal resource dataset, species adopted in drug standards, and species at different levels of conservation lists. The overall similarity of the MPs used by the ethnic groups included was achieved using a cluster and principal component analysis. RESULTS:In total 5886 vascular plant species are reported as medicines in the 18 ethnic groups, which belong to 1657 genera and 243 families. It is found that 3195 species are used exclusively by one ethnic group, indicating their cultural salience and potential restrictedness in ecological terms. Moreover, 1159 species are included in national/regional drug standards, indicating their importance in the national medical flora. However, only 3541 species of them are documented in the national herbal resource dataset, and 761 species are at different levels of threatened status, highlighting the conservation needs of Chinese MPs and the related traditional medical knowledge. CONCLUSIONS:Using a quantitative approach, for the first time the present study reveals the high level of taxonomic diversity of MPs used by minority ethnic groups of China. However, of these species, 40% are still not inventoried in the national herbal resource dataset, and more than half are used exclusively by one ethnic group, and around 13% are included in the conservation lists of different levels. These together urge the conservation of MP resources and related traditional medical knowledge. Additionally, we recommend fostering the cross-cultural communication the regional ethnomedicinal knowledge, for the purpose of maximizing the benefits of regional plants to human.

Phylogenomic conflicts are widespread among genomic data, with most previous studies primarily focusing on nuclear datasets instead of organellar genomes. In this study, we investigate phylogenetic conflict analyses within and between plastid and mitochondrial genomes using Potentilla as a case study. We generated three plastid datasets (coding, noncoding, and all-region) and one mitochondrial dataset (coding regions) to infer phylogenies based on concatenated and multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods. Conflict analyses were then performed using PhyParts and Quartet Sampling (QS). Both plastid and mitochondrial genomes divided the Potentilla into eight highly supported clades, two of which were newly identified in this study. While most organellar loci were uninformative for the majority of nodes (bootstrap value < 70%), PhyParts and QS detected conflicting signals within the two organellar genomes. Regression analyses revealed that conflict signals mainly occurred among shorter loci, whereas longer loci tended to be more concordant with the species tree. In addition, two significant disagreements between the two organellar genomes were detected, likely attributed to hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting. Our results demonstrate that mitochondrial genes can fully resolve the phylogenetic relationships among eight major clades of Potentilla and are not always linked with plastome in evolutionary history. Stochastic inferences appear to be the primary source of observed conflicts among the gene trees. We recommend that the loci with short sequence length or containing limited informative sites should be used cautiously in MSC analysis, and suggest the joint application of concatenated and MSC methods for phylogenetic inference using organellar genomes.

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a biodiversity hotspot of national and global significance. Prerequisites for the effective conservation of biodiversity on the QTP are the identification of biodiversity conservation hotspots and gaps in the region and the subsequent optimization of the spatial planning of conservation networks. However, there is a lack of understanding and assessment of phylogenetic diversity in the QTP conservation network. In this study, 136 species of vascular plants included in the Red List of China’s Biodiversity - Higher Plants on the QTP were selected. The maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and the zonation model were used to identify conservation priority areas and analyze gaps on the QTP using 17

The genus Hydrangea s.l. (Hydrangeaceae), a favorite among gardeners, comprises more than 80 species that are important understory plants in natural temperate and subtropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere. These species are hypervariable in morphology, especially in indumentum and floral characters, warranting a thorough exploration of the complex evolutionary history of morphological characters of the genus. Ideally, this is done within a robust phylogenetic framework with extensive taxon sampling. In this study, we propose a comprehensive taxonomic reassessment of Hydrangea based on a reconstruction of its molecular phylogeny based mainly on the chloroplast genome (plastome) and the most representative taxon sampling reported to date. Phylogenomic reconstruction yielded five well-resolved major clades and three newly recognized subclades. Inspection of the 28 characters employed in traditional taxonomic revisions revealed homoplasy in many of these traits. Our results show that characters such as growth habit, woody stem type, number of enlarged marginal sepals, style and stamen number, fruit shape, and ovary position are useful for circumscribing infrageneric divisions. Unique synapomorphies are limited. For example, herb and subshrub growth habits are associated with all the species in H. sect. Deinanthe and sect. Cardiandra, respectively. Character state combinations are proposed for distinguishing infrageneric taxa. Based on a robust phylogenetic framework, our findings suggest a complex evolutionary history of Hydrangea morphological characters. Following the criterion of monophyly and considering the morphological consistency and synapomorphy of single and combined characters to diagnose relevant lineages, we update the classification of Hydrangea into 5 subgenera and 19 sections. Our proposed taxonomic scheme, based on a robust phylogenetic framework and in-depth character study, provides an updated perspective on the infrageneric subdivision of Hydrangea s.l.

Due to the rapid loss of biodiversity and financial and human resource limitations, there is an urgent need to prioritize biodiversity conservation. Setting conservation priorities is also an important part of conservation biology. Species abundance, richness and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ranks are the most commonly used methods for setting conservation priorities, but with the development of bioinformatics, many studies have also demonstrated the utility of incorporating phylogenetic diversity into species prioritization, with evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) and evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) being widely used to determine the prioritization of species for conservation, where ED measures the contribution of species to the overall evolutionary history, and EDGE considers both evolutionary distinctiveness and IUCN ranks. In this study, based on the vascular plant distribution data collected on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), we determined the conservation priorities of plants on the QTP according to ED and EDGE2 considering four extinction risk transformations, investigated the relationship between IUCN ranks and ED, evaluated the effects of unassessed (NA) data deficiency (DD) species on EDGE rankings, and determined the conservation efficiency of the QTP conservation network in areas with evolutionary history and explored the possibility of incorporating evolutionary history into species conservation priorities. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the ED of vascular plants and the IUCN ranks on the QTP; the results of EDGE2 showed that the top 25 species, with 14 species common to all four transformations, possessed both high ED and IUCN ranks; when EDGE2 containing DD and NA species showed that DD and NA species accounted for a large percentage of the top 25 species for all four transformations, suggesting that they may have significant potential for evolutionary history conservation; that the conservation priority areas for endemic seed plants of the QTP are located in the Hengduan Mountains, the eastern Yarlung Zangbo River, the southern Qionglai Mountains, the western Gangdise Mountains and the southern Kunlun Mountains; and that the QTP conservation networks protect the only 38.2 % of the areas rich in evolutionary history. These results emphasize the need to incorporate evolutionary information into conservation biology, but it should also be considered in conjunction with existing taxonomic diversity methods as a complementary conservation tool to provide a new perspective on the conservation of QTP plant diversity.

The family Apiaceae, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, is the largest family of angiosperms. However, little is known about the conservation status, diversity, and distribution of Apiaceae species in Mongolia. This study had two main aims: (1) to assess the national status of Apiaceae species under IUCN Red List Criterion B; (2) to evaluate the species diversity and richness of Apiaceae across Mongolia. We utilized ConR packages to assess the national Red List status of all known Mongolian Apiaceae species by analyzing their most comprehensive occurrence records. The results indicated that 27 species were classified as threatened, including 4 Critically Endangered (CR), 9 Endangered (EN), and 14 Vulnerable (VU) species. Meanwhile, 39 species were assessed as non-threatened, with 2 Near Threatened (NT) species and 37 species of Least Concern (LC). Furthermore, detailed distribution maps for 66 Apiaceae species in Mongolia were presented. We assessed the species diversity and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices of Apiaceae by analyzing all occurrence records using the iNext package. Overall, the Hill diversity estimates indicate that the sampling conducted in Mongolia adequately captured species occurrences. For species pattern analysis, we examined the species richness, weighted endemism, and the corrected weighted endemism index using Biodiverse v.4.1 software. Mongolia was portioned into 715 grid cells based on 0.5° × 0.5° grid sizes (equivalent to approximately 50 × 50 km2). There was a total of 3062 unique occurrences of all Apiaceae species across Mongolia. In the species richness analysis, we identified 10 grids that exhibited high species richness (18–29 species) and 36 grids with 11–17 species. For genus richness, we observed seven grids that exhibited a high genus richness of 16–22 genera. Furthermore, we analyzed species richness with a specific focus on threatened species, encompassing CR, EN, and VU species throughout Mongolia. A total of 92 grids contained at least one threatened species. There were six grids that had two to five threatened species, which were adequately covered by protected areas in western Mongolia. Overall, our results on species richness and conservation status will serve as important foundational research for future conservation and land management efforts in Mongolia.

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) have serious environmental and economic impacts, especially in vulnerable areas of China. However, IAP richness distribution patterns, their driving factors, and the dynamic shifts in potential distribution areas remain elusive. We assessed IAP richness distribution patterns and drivers using 402 IAPs recorded in China at 88 926 occurrence points, and then predicted their potential distribution areas. The results show that IAP hotspots were mainly located in southeastern China, especially coastal areas of the South and East and large inland cities. Population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and four climate variables associated with precipitation and temperature jointly influenced the richness distribution pattern of all IAPs. Specifically, population density and GDP impacted the richness distribution pattern of narrow‐range IAPs, and population density, GDP, distance to the nearest national highway, and five climate variables affected the richness distribution pattern of widespread IAPs. Only GDP contributed significantly to the richness distribution pattern of the top 5% hotspot grid cells, whereas population density, GDP, and precipitation in the driest month (BIO14) significantly influenced the richness distribution patterns of hotspots for both the top 10% and top 20%. Prediction analysis demonstrated that southeastern China would have particularly high invasion risk under both current and future climate scenarios. Regions with increases in predicted species richness are more common (44.83–64.97%) than those with decreases, except under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Climate change will contribute greatly to the expansion of potential IAP distribution areas under both optimistic (RCP 2.5) and pessimistic scenarios (RCP 8.5). The results of this study provide insights into the priority management of IAPs by developing promising strategies for the control and prevention of IAP invasion.

Abstract Background The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), characterized by an increase in species richness from the poles to the equator, is one of the most pervasive biological patterns. However, inverse LDGs, in which species richness peaks in extratropical regions, are also found in some lineages and their causes remain unclear. Here, we test the roles of evolutionary time, diversification rates, and niche conservatism in explaining the inverse LDG of Potentilla (ca. 500 species). We compiled the global distributions of ~ 90% of Potentilla species, and reconstructed a robust phylogenetic framework based on whole-plastome sequences. Next, we analyzed the divergence time, ancestral area, diversification rate, and ancestral niche to investigate the macroevolutionary history of Potentilla. Results The genus originated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Eocene and gradually spread to other regions of the Northern Hemisphere posterior to the late Miocene. Rapid cooling after the late Pliocene promoted the radiating diversification of Potentilla. The polyploidization, as well as some cold-adaptive morphological innovations, enhanced the adaptation of Potentilla species to the cold environment. Ancestral niche reconstruction suggests that Potentilla likely originated in a relatively cool environment. The species richness peaks at approximately 45 °N, a region characterized by high diversification rates, and the environmental conditions are similar to the ancestral climate niche. Evolutionary time was not significantly correlated with species richness in the latitudinal gradient. Conclusions Our results suggest that the elevated diversification rates in middle latitude regions and the conservatism in thermal niches jointly determined the inverse LDG in Potentilla. This study highlights the importance of integrating evolutionary and ecological approaches to explain the diversity pattern of biological groups on a global scale.

Plants classified as Near Threatened (NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate change. Especially in conservation efforts, such species have however long been overlooked. Here, we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China, and used species richness, species complementarity, and weighted endemism that consider all, endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT plants. Then we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for them. Our results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China, and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature reserves. Numerous hotspots in southwestern China (e.g., Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan) were identified as conservation gaps. Given that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species, they represent an important value in conservation priority. So, more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT plants. Additionally, when comparing with the recently updated NT list, there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories, while 328 species were lowered to least concern, 56 species were now categorized as data deficient, and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific names. It is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species' threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.

Rubus (Rosaceae), one of the most complicated angiosperm genera, contains about 863 species, and is notorious for its taxonomic difficulty. The most recent (1910-1914) global taxonomic treatment of the genus was conducted by Focke, who defined 12 subgenera. Phylogenetic results over the past 25 years suggest that Focke's subdivisions of Rubus are not monophyletic, and large-scale taxonomic revisions are necessary. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on an integrative evidence approach. Morphological characters, obtained from our own investigation of living plants and examination of herbarium specimens are combined with chloroplast genomic data. Our dataset comprised 196 accessions representing 145 Rubus species (including cultivars and hybrids) and all of Focke's subgenera, including 60 endemic Chinese species. Maximum likelihood analyses inferred phylogenetic relationships. Our analyses concur with previous molecular studies, but with modifications. Our data strongly support the reclassification of several subgenera within Rubus. Our molecular analyses agree with others that only R. subg. Anoplobatus forms a monophyletic group. Other subgenera are para- or polyphyletic. We suggest a revised subgeneric framework to accommodate monophyletic groups. Character evolution is reconstructed, and diagnostic morphological characters for different clades are identified and discussed. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we propose a new classification system with 10 subgenera: R. subg. Anoplobatus, R. subg. Batothamnus, R. subg. Chamaerubus, R. subg. Cylactis, R. subg. Dalibarda, R. subg. Idaeobatus, R. subg. Lineati, R. subg. Malachobatus, R. subg. Melanobatus, and R. subg. Rubus. The revised infrageneric nomenclature inferred from our analyses is provided along with synonymy and type citations. Our new taxonomic backbone is the first systematic and complete global revision of Rubus since Focke's treatment. It offers new insights into deep phylogenetic relationships of Rubus and has important theoretical and practical significance for the development and utilization of these important agronomic crops.

贵州省地形地貌复杂多样,物种生境异质性高且生态系统脆弱更易受到外来物种入侵威胁.本研究通过土地利用类型和人类干扰程度及变化探讨入侵植物生境现状.结果表明:2017-2019年,物种生境中人类干扰程度呈明显下降的区域面积最小,而该区域入侵植物分布点数最多;贵州省入侵植物生境类型中,城镇工业用地和重度干扰区域分布的外来入侵植物分布点最多,人类干扰加剧了入侵植物的分布.在外来入侵植物的有效防治方面,还应统筹考虑其地理分布格局、入侵生境和人为干扰等因素,做到针对外来入侵植物入侵相对集中、入侵危害相对突出的地区,开展更为有效的针对性防控,这将大大提升外来入侵植物的防控效率.