该文通过仪器安装前的准备工作,详细介绍了仪器安装步骤和安装注意事项;通过测量方法,介绍了近零法测量和指零法测量以及各自的优缺点;通过日常使用和维护,总结仪器在日常运输、使用与维护过程中的注意事项;通过探索实验,明确常见物品可能造成观测影响的具体干扰量,加强对平常观测时干扰的注意,为以后仪器的观测和使用提供可靠的依据.

地震是一种长期存在的客观自然现象,可以引起严重的灾害,并深刻影响着人类社会和经济的发展.地震监测环境和监测设施的保护是保障地震监测系统正常运转,确保获得地震信息的连续性、可靠性和精确性的非常重要的课题.地震监测设施只有在监测环境的保护范围内才能发挥其作用,才能从各类观测资料中捕捉地震发生前的异常现象[1].本文分析了马陵山地震台5起地震观测环境和监测设施的保护案例,并探讨了相应的应对措施,为系统内各位同仁提供借鉴和参考.

With the rapid development of economy,the environment for seismicity ob-servation has also suffered a certain interference.Many seismic stations have been selected for new sites.But along with the development of earthquake prevention and disaster relief cause,dense observation also needs to build some new seismic stations.In this paper,it is mainly introduced the situation of the new earthquake monitoring center station sites in Shandong Province,the observation environment,the design and construction of geomagnet-ic room,the application of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (CBFR)structure and Fiber Rein-force Plastic (FRP)tanks,and other infrastructures.Preliminary analysis on the part of the data for the construction are processed.The feasibility of the construction of the new sites is discussed.This work will provide some references for the relocation construction of other seismic stations.

介绍了山东地区同时拥有地电场和地磁场观测的5个电磁台站的基本概况,选取了各台2011年度的观测数据,并对其观测资料质量进行了简要评价.重点对5个台站的地电场和地磁场观测数据进行了全面、系统的对比分析,探寻了地电场、地磁场日变规律以及地电场、地磁场观测对各类干扰响应的区别与联系,为两种观测资料的分析处理提供了相互参考、相互借鉴的依据.

Introducing the general situation of 7 geo-electric field observation stations in Shandong region,we selected the observation data recorded by 7 stations from 2007 to 2011 and analyzed the integrity,intrinsic quality(including correlation coefficient and zero difference),the shape of normal daily variation of the geo-electric observation data and the its situation of interferences.The results showed that the observation data kept the continuous and integrity and met the requirements of earthquake analysis and prediction.In the aspect of intrinsic quality,the quality of the geo-electric data recorded by Tancheng,Heze,Lingyang and Dashan stations was high,and the correlation coefficient of data was larger than 0.95,the return-to-zero difference was controlled less than 1 mV/km after replacing the electrode.It could provide reliable data for seismic research.And in the other aspect of daily variation shape,the shape of observation data in Shandong Region was tidal geo-electric field mostly.In daily observation,the data variation shape was mainly affected by various kinds of interferences such as geo-electrical storms,lightning and external line fault.

对7个台的观测数据质量进行评价和分析,结果表明:郯城、菏泽、大山和陵阳地震台数据质量较好,精度较高,可为地震研究提供可靠的数据资料.

We introduced the capability and technique request of ZD9A-Ⅱ geoelectrical apparatus,enumerated the apparatus equipment during installment and maintenance.Introduced the electrode disposal,installment method and examine method,observation line span and examine methods,installment and debugging software of geoelectrical observation system during geoelectrical observation apparatus installment in Malingshan seismic station,Tancheng,Shandong.in the end,the attention proceedings during geoelectrical observation apparatus installment,debugging were pointed out.This offer important reference for installment of geoelectrical observation apparatus.

对山东省水管仪、伸缩仪的数字化和模拟观测资料进行了对比分析.对资料的完整性、稳定性、可靠性进行了评价,并对资料的变化趋势、均值、方差一致性利用相关分析、t检验、F检验等方法进行了统计检验.观测资料在地震分析预报中的应用结果表明:(1)水管仪、伸缩仪数字化观测资料的完整性、稳定性和可靠性优于模拟观测资料,数字化观测可代替模拟观测;(2)水管仪、伸缩仪数字化和模拟观测资料的变化趋势一致性很好,均值、方差一致性较差,仅有个别测项一致.(3)潮汐分析和非潮汐分析方法是识别强震前中短期和短临异常的可行方法.

1　台站概况及改造方案的确定 　　马陵山地震台位于山东省郯城县城东北20 km马陵山的西坡，地理坐标为118°27′ E，34°42′ N，海拔高程为110 m。台站地处沂沭断裂带安丘-莒县断裂的东侧，台基为白垩系红色砂岩，岩石倾向东南，倾角为60°～70°，受构造断裂影响，岩石较破碎。地电阻率观测分东西、南北两个测道，供电极距1 000 m，测量极距300 m。东西测道横跨安丘-莒县断裂。 　　按照中国地震局950102项目总体设计要求和950402实验项目的内容，为实现地震观测的综合化，数字化，根据山东省地震局项目实施组安排，确定对马陵山台地电阻率观测进行改造。将要完成的内容有：将人工观测仪器更换为数字化的ZD8B地电仪，同时进行观测装置和适应性的观测条件的改造。改造工作于1998年3月17日开始，1998年4月1日ZD8B地电仪投入观测，于1999年11月通过验收。　　 　　2　改造前的情况 　　马陵山台地电观测采用DDC-2B地电仪人工操作读数，仪器精度低，人为误差大；测量线和供电线均为军用被覆线，所用瓷瓶均为直角小瓷瓶，线路垂度大，绝缘性差，漏电电流影响达0.02%；观测室封闭不好，温湿度变化大，给观测带来一定的影响；地电外线路、交流电源等无保护措施，多次遭雷击。 　　原马陵山台地电观测设有EW，NS两个测道，供电极距均为1 000 m，测量极距300 m，观测室位于南北测道的中心偏北250 m处，见图1。马陵山台重点对外线路、观测室、观测室屏蔽网和电源避雷地网进行了改造建设。 　　(1)外线路改造。将全部测量线、供电线更换为7×φ1.0 mm抗老化绝缘线，并用8号铁丝作承重负载线，将测线吊起，瓷瓶全部更换成伞形大瓷瓶。改造后的线路不仅接头少，而且线路垂度大大减小，外负载NS向为42Ω，EW向为50Ω，漏电电流影响小于0.01%，漏电电位差影响小于0.3%，观测条件大大优于改造前，完全符合观测规范要求。 　　(2)观测室改造。更换成封闭较好的铝合金门和双层窗，粉刷了墙壁，铺设了地板砖，吊防潮顶棚，安装空调增强其保温防潮的性能。在测量线，供电线及电源线进观测室后，配线盘上增设了FSY-0.22型避雷器，R-350A型放电管，SD-50-30型保险管及Y1.5W-0.28/1.3型电源避雷器等，见图2。