目的 研究依达拉奉右莰醇治疗血管性痴呆大鼠的疗效及作用机制.方法 双侧颈总动脉永久结扎术(2VO)造模后,30只大鼠随机分至对照组、模型组和依达拉奉右莰醇治疗组.治疗组给予依达拉奉右莰醇1.25 mg/kg腹腔注射每12小时(H)1次,其余组同方法等量0.9％氯化钠溶液治疗,疗程2周.Morris水迷宫法检测大鼠行为学,免疫组化染色观察和测定海马组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(Caspase-3)、β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的含量.结果 与模型组比较,依达拉奉右莰醇治疗后VD大鼠穿台次数[3.5(3,4)]增加,逃避潜伏期(36.56±2.86)s缩短,海马区Aβ/Caspase-3平均光密度(AOD)值(0.082±0.002/0.076±0.002)减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 依达拉奉右坎醇可能通过下调海马区凋亡蛋白的表达来使VD大鼠在学习记忆上有所恢复.

目的 观察5-HT6R激动剂对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎法建立血管性痴呆(VD)模型.给予5-HT6R激动剂治疗后,观察VD犬鼠海马组织的病理变化,Morris水迷宫测试VD大鼠的认知功能,测定大鼠血清中MDA含量、GSH-Px活性.结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠海马区细胞排列紊乱,细胞核固缩,核仁不清晰,逃避潜伏期延长,穿台次数减少(P＜0.05),血清中MDA含量增加,GSH-Px活性降低(P＜0.05).与模型组比较,5-HT6R激动剂组大鼠的海马区脑组织病理结构得到改善,认知功能有所提升,血清中MDA含量降低,GSH-Px活性升高(P＜0.05).结论 5-HT6R激动剂可改善血管性痴呆大鼠的认知功能.

目的 分析蛛网膜下腔出血并应激性溃疡患者血浆Ghrelin水平的变化及意义.方法 选取单纯蛛网膜下腔出血和蛛网膜下腔出血合并溃疡患者各30例,另选取同时期健康体格检查者30例.分别收集对照组门诊抽血离心后血浆及观察组患者入院后24h内血浆,检测Ghrelin含量,进一步分析血浆Ghrelin含量与蛛网膜下腔出血及应激性溃疡的关系.结果 单纯蛛网膜下腔出血组血浆Ghrelin水平为(246.12±44.50) ng/L,蛛网膜下膣出血并应激性溃疡组血浆Ghrelin水平为(369,16±21.96) ng/L,对照组为(136.28±35.39) ng/L,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 蛛网膜下腔出血患者血浆Ghrelin水平升高,蛛网膜下腔出血并应激性溃疡血浆Ghrelin水平更高,提示蛛网膜下腔出血患者血浆Ghrelin水平对诊断应激性溃疡及估计病情预后有一定意义.

目的 探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)并发脑心综合征(CCS)大鼠肾素-血管紧张素的变化.方法 枕大池注入自体动脉血法复制SAH模型,健康雄性Wistar大鼠75只,6周龄,体重150～200 g,所有大鼠均与动力实验室系统连接(Power Lab系统)检测心电图,排除异常心电图者.将动物随机分为手术组(50只)、假手术组(25只).手术组根据术后心电图不同分为SAH组、CCS组,每组各25只(不足者同条件新鼠补入),各组大鼠按取材时段不同随机分为1、3、5、7、14 d等5个亚组,每组5只.造模后用Power Lab系统检测心电图,分别于1、3、5、7、14 d再次检测心电图,用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血浆中肾素活性(PRA)及血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的含量.结果 造模成功后,假手术组心电图未见明显变化,手术组术后2 h CCS病发率最高.1d时SAH组、CCS组PRA、AngⅡ含量均高于假手术组(P＜0.05),且CCS组高于SAH组(P＜ 0.05);SAH组和CCS组PRA、AngⅡ在3d时达到高峰,显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05),而CCS组高于SAH组(P＜0.05);5、7d时SAH组、CCS组PRA、AngⅡ含量逐渐下降,仍高于假手术组(P＜0.05).假手术组PRA、AngⅡ含量随时间延长逐渐下降至7d后趋于稳定;SAH组及CCS组PRA、AngⅡ含量3d达高峰,后逐渐下降至14 d基本趋于假手术组水平(P＞0.05).结论 SAH并发CCS的PRA、AngⅡ呈逐渐上升达高峰后逐渐下降趋于稳定的变化,提示PRA、AngⅡ在SAH并发CCS的发生与发展中起到了一定的作用.

目的 本实验通过对蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)并发脑心综合征(cerebral-cardiac syndrome,CCS)大鼠血清一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量的改变的研究,为CCS的发病机制提供相关实验支持.方法 Wistar大鼠100只,连续监测大鼠II导联标准心电图20min,剔除心电图异常的大鼠,选取心电图无异常大鼠96只.随机分为手术组和假手术组,手术组采用枕大池单次注血法制备SAH模型,假手术组仅在枕大池注入0.3ml生理盐水.造模后2h监测大鼠标准II导联心电图20min,根据心电图结果将手术组大鼠分为CCS组,SAH组.三组大鼠分别在造模后2h,24h,48h后采用ELISA法测定血清NO含量.结果 假手术组均未出现脑心综合征,造模后24h、48h时,CCS组及SAH组大鼠血清NO浓度均高于假手术组,且CCS组高于SAH组,P<0.05;2h时,CCS组和SAH组大鼠血清NO浓度高于假手术组,但其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 SAH时,血清NO含量的异常增高可能参与了CCS的发生与发展.

Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and changes of cerebral edema during insufficient water intake and its influence on cerebral infarction in rats.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,control group,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2,with 24 rats in each group.Sham operation group and control group were given normal diet and drinking water.Experimental group 1 was given water deprivation for 1 d and normal diet,and experimental group 2 was given water deprivation for 3 d and normal diet before surgery.Thread bolt method was performed in experimental group 1,experimental group 2 and control group to establish cerebral infarction models,but not in sham operation group.The water contents in brain tissue were detected in 6 h,1 d,2 d and 3 d after modeling.The expression level of AQP4 was assessed by ELISA,and the volume of cerebral infarction was determined by TTC staining.The correlation between AQP4 expression and brain water content was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results In 6 h,1 d,2 d and 3 d after modeling,the water contents of brain tissue were significantly higher in control group ((76.35±0.02) ％,(76.78 ± 0.24)％,(81.03 ± 0.08)％,(80.66 ±0.21)％),experimental group1 ((76.59±0.06)％,(77.32±0.17)％,(81.66±0.28)％,(81.04±0.05)％) and experimental group 2 ((76.82±0.21)％,(77.94±0.17)％,(81.97±0.06)％,(81.49±0.18) ％) than those in sham operation group ((76.06±0.09)％,(75.95±0.07)％,(76.04±0.07)％,(76.00±0.12)％) (P＜0.05),were significantly higher in experimental group 2 than those in experimental group 1 and control group,and significantly higher in experimental group 1 than those in control group (P＜0.05).In 6 h,1 d,2 d and 3 d after modeling,the expressions of AQP4 were significantly higher in control group ((22.43±0.10),(24.36±0.10),(24.95±0.17),(32.25±0.20)μg/L),experimental group 1 ((22.74±0.04),(24.92±0.13),(25.26±0.08),(33.28±0.18) μg/L) and experimental group2 ((23.10±0.12),(25.18±0.12),(25.49±0.06),(34.00±0.12) μg/L) than those in sham operation group ((13.65±0.23),(13.74±0.17),(13.92±0.12),(13.97±0.08) μg/L) (P＜0.05),were significantly higher in experimental group 2 than those in experimental group 1 and control group,and significantly higher in experimental group 1 than those in control group (P＜0.05).No infarction focus was found in sham operation group in 6 h,1 d,2 d and 3 d after modeling,the cerebral infarction volumes were significantly larger in experimental group 2 ((192.12±0.21),(223.12±0.16),(240.00±0.17,(263.10±0.14) mm3) than those in experimental group 1 ((168.08±0.12),(181.11 ±0.12),(202.12±0.13),(220.11 ± 0.16) mm3) and control group ((98.15±0.07),(114.51±0.13),(131.62±0.26),(150.18±0.22) mm3),and larger in experimental group 1 than those in control group (P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed the brain water content was not linearly correlated with AQP4 expression in sham operation group(r=-0.203,P =0.527),and was linearly correlated with AQP4 expression in control group,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (r=0.667,P=-0.018;r=0.625,P=0.030;r=0.623,P=0.031).Conclusion Inadequate water intake can promote the expression of AQP4 in the surrounding tissues of cerebral infarction,causing cerebral edema and aggravating the degree of cerebral infarction.

目的 探讨丁苯酞对脑梗死大鼠迁徙蛋白2(secreted leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 2,Slit2)表达的影响及其在脑梗死中的可能作用.方法 SD大鼠90只随机分为模型组、药物组和对照组各30只.模型组、药物组采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑梗死模型,对照组颈总动脉不插入线栓;模型制备成功后,药物组给予丁苯酞120 mg/kg+花生油稀释至2 mL灌胃1次,模型组、对照组给予等量花生油灌胃.灌胃后1、3、7d,评定3组神经行为学评分,并分别处死10只大鼠,采用ELISA法检测3组脑组织Slit2表达水平.结果 灌胃后1、3、7d,模型组神经行为学评分[(2.43±0.21)、(1.32±0.15)、(0.61±0.15)分]高于药物组[(1.50±0.24)、(0.41±0.12)、(0.03±0.01)分]和对照组[0、0、0分](P＜0.05);灌胃后1、3、7d,药物组、模型组神经行为学评分逐渐降低;灌胃后1、3d,药物组神经行为学评分高于对照组(P＜0.05),灌胃后7d与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);灌胃后1、3、7d,药物组Slit2水平[(0.35±0.02)、(0.51±0.04)、(0.83±0.05)μg/L],模型组Slit2水平[(0.22±0.0l)、(0.34±0.02)、(0.50±0.01)μg/L]高于对照组[(0.15±0.02)、(0.15±0.02)、(0.15±0.02)μg/L],且药物组Slit2水平高于模型组(P＜0.05).结论 丁苯酞可能通过促进Slit2表达来减轻脑梗死大鼠脑损伤程度,促进脑功能恢复.

Objective To explore the effects of mild hypothermia on serum corticosterone levels in rats with cerebral car-diac syndrome(CCS).Methods The experimental rats were randomly divided into the mild hypothermia group and the normal temperature group and the sham operated group.Right middle cerebral artery of rat was occluded(MCAO)with nylon thread andⅡ lead ECG was monitored continuously within 2 hours to record the emerging of CCS .The Concentration of CORT in se-rum was measured at 2h,24h,48h,after middle cerebral artery occluded.Results The incidence of CCS in the mild hypother-mia group decreased compared with the normal temperature group (P <0.05),there was statistical significance.Serum CORT of the mild hypothermia group and the normal temperature group were all significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Mild hypothermia can reduce the incidence of the CCS complicated with ACI by decreasing the serum Corticosterone level.

目的探讨普萘洛尔对大鼠急性脑梗死致脑心综合征（CCS）时的心电图异常变化及血浆中皮质酮的浓度。方法通过线栓法制备大鼠右侧大脑中动脉缺血模型,连续监测造模后2h标准II导联心电图。将实验大鼠分为正常组、假手术组、CCS组、普萘洛尔组,分别于12h,3d,7d时观察各组大鼠的心电图变化及血浆中皮质酮的浓度。结果普萘洛尔组大鼠心电图异常率降低;在12h时,假手术组、CCS组、普萘洛尔组血浆中皮质酮水平较正常组明显升高。假手术组则快速恢复正常水平;CCS组、普萘洛尔组则在3d,7d时逐渐下降,CCS组在各点时始终高于普萘洛尔组。结论普萘洛尔可能影响脑心综合征大鼠心电图的变化及恢复,在一定程度上可降低应激状态下皮质酮的水平,可能成为防治脑梗死所致脑心综合征的机制之一。

目的 探讨亚低温对急性脑梗死并脑心综合征大鼠血清一氧化氮水平的影响及其临床意义.方法 Wistar大鼠95只,连续监测Ⅱ导联标准心电图15 min,选取无心电图异常大鼠90只,随机分为亚低温组、常温组和假手术组,每组30只.亚低温组和常温组采用线栓法栓塞大鼠右侧大脑中动脉;假手术组仅分离颈总动脉、颈外动脉、颈内动脉,但不结扎及插入线栓.术后低温组维持亚低温状态2h,余2组维持正常体温.术后连续监测标准Ⅱ导联心电图2h.记录各组脑心综合征发生情况,采用ELISA法检测各组术后2、24、48 h血清一氧化氮水平,并进行比较.结果 假手术组均未发生脑心综合征,亚低温组脑心综合征发病率(46.7％)低于常温组(76.7％)(P＜0.05);术后24、48 h时常温组[(57.93±10.38)、(76.78±7.14)μmol/L]和亚低温组一氧化氮水平[(57.57±9.38)、(64.37±6.54) μmol/L]均明显高于假手术组[(51.31±11.22)、(53.02±8.65)μmol/L](P＜0.05);术后2h常温组[(53.90±9.40) μmol/L]和亚低温组一氧化氮水平[(53.02±7.83)μmol/L]高于假手术组[(48.87±7.46)μmol/L],但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);常温组术后48 h时一氧化氮水平高于亚低温组(P＜0.01),术后2、24 h高于亚低温组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 亚低温可降低急性脑梗死大鼠脑心综合征发生率,其可能机制是抑制病理状态下一氧化氮水平的过度增高.

Objective To observe the changes of B‐FABP and H‐FABP levels in rat serum with cerebral‐cardiac syndrome following acute cerebral infarction.Methods Right middle cerebral artery of rat was occluded (MCAO) and Ⅱ lead ECG was monitored continuously within 2 h ,the cerebral‐cardiac syndrome group ,the only cerebral infarction group and the sham opera‐tion group. Extracting angular venous blood and detect the serum of rats in B‐FABP and H‐FABP levels. Results The B‐FABP levels in cerebral‐cardiac syndrome group and the only cerebral infarction group were all significantly higher than those of the sham operation group ,P<0.05 ;but the level of serum H‐FABP had no statistics difference between every group ,P>0.05. The B‐FABP and H‐FABP levels in cerebral‐cardiac syndrome group had no statistics difference than the only cerebral infarc‐tion group ,P>0.05. The serum B‐FABP concentrations had a positive correlation with H‐FABP concentrations(r=0.717 ,P<0 .001).Conclusion H‐FABP can be used as a noninvasive marker for ACI. Unite H‐FABP and B‐FABP has certain signifi‐cance to the diagnosis of cerebral‐cardiac syndrome.

Objective To explore the change of copeptin in plasma and its significance in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer.Methods Eighty patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were collected.Forty-nine patients of pure intracerebral hemorrhage and 31 patients of intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer were included.Thirty healthy people were taken as controls.The level of copeptin in plasma was measured and compared in all subjects.Results The level of copeptin in plasma in patients with pure intracerebral hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer was significantly higher than that in controls:(303.684 ± 68.691),(527.034 ± 74.111) ng/L vs.(121.460 ± 53.364) ng/L,and the level of copeptin in plasma in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer was significantly higher than that in patients with pure intracerebral hemorrhage.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The level of copeptin in plasma in patients with pure intracerebral hemorrhage increases significantly,and it is much higher in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer.

目的 探讨丁苯酞预处理对局灶性脑缺血大鼠水通道蛋白9(aquaPorin-9,AQP9)mRNA表达的影响.方法 采用线栓法复制局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,模型制备成功后分别于6 h、24 h、48 h、3 d、5 d、7 d快速取脑后,采用干-湿重法测定脑含水量、实时荧光定量PCR检测丁苯酞预处理脑缺血大鼠AQP9 mRNA的动态变化.结果术后6 h～7 d假手术组脑水含量无明显变化,生理盐水组和丁苯酞组脑含水量明显增加,术后48 h到达高峰,且前者增加幅度高于后者(P＜0.05).在术后各个时间点,实时荧光定量PCR检测局灶性脑缺血周围组织AQP9 mRNA水平.假手术组几乎无变化.在生理盐水组和丁苯酞组中,造模后6 h脑缺血周边AQP9 mRNA表达开始逐渐上调,72 h 到达高峰,而后开始下调,至7 d 2组表达水平仍高于假手术组,生理盐水组上调幅度略高于丁苯酞组;同时在术后各个时间点生理盐水组和丁苯酞组AQP9 mRNA 表达水平均明显高于假手术组(P＜0.05);AQP9 mRNA水平与脑含水量相关,相关性分析显示两者显著相关(r=0.798,P＜0.05).结论 丁苯酞组中脑梗死周边组织脑含水量及AQP9 mRNA水平均低于生理盐水组;以上结果说明在缺血性脑血管病中丁苯酞能有效地抑制AQP9 mRNA表达,改善脑水肿.提示丁苯酞可能是通过抑制AQP9 mRNA表达,改善脑水肿,减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血的症状.

苏东坡在杭州任刺史时,与三台山寺庙中的一位老和尚交情很深.有一次,苏东坡到寺中与老和尚探讨诗歌,一直谈到深夜才回家.当时已是初秋天气,夜凉如水,苏东坡在回家的途中受了风寒,第二天就出现了头痛、鼻塞的症状,非常难受.老和尚听说苏东坡生病后,托人带来一包药材,让他煎汤服用.苏轼服用此药后,病情霍然而愈.数日后,他带了礼物上山去感谢老和尚,并向其请教自己服的是什么“灵药”.

目的分析脑出血患者血浆Ghrelin的动态变化及意义。方法选取急性脑出血患者30例为观察组,分别收集脑出血患者入院后第1天、第7天、第14天血浆标本,同时取同期健康体检患者30例作为对照组,比较各组血浆Ghrelin的水平,并进一步分析其变化的意义。结果第1天血浆Ghrelin含量(186.84±53.94)μg/L,第7天血浆Ghrelin含量(160.50±75.49)μg/L,第14天血浆Ghrelin的含量(58.58±8.11)μg/L,对照组Ghrelin含量(10.84±1.72)μg/L。血浆Ghrelin水平与脑出血量呈正相关。结论脑出血患者血浆Ghrelin呈动态变化,随着病情稳定,逐渐下降。血浆Ghrelin水平对脑出血患者的病情估计及预后有一定的临床意义。

Objective To explore the changes of Ghrelin in plasma and its significance in cerebral hemorrhage and stress ulcer patients.Methods Totally 97 cases were divided into pure cerebral hemorrhage group(53 cases) and cerebral hemorrhage and stress ulcer group(44 cases).At the same time,30 cases of health examination people were taken as control group.The plasma specimens were taken in the research group after admission day,the levels of Ghrelin of the three groups were compared,the relationship between Ghrelin in plasma and cerebral hemorrhage and stress ulcer was analyzed.Results The level of Ghrelin in plasma of pure cerebral hemorrhage group was(166.50±74.79)μg/L,which of cerebral hemorrhage and stress ulcer group was(322.50±22.53)μg/L,and control group was(68.64±16.28)μg/L.There was significant difference among the three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of Ghrelin in plasma in cerebral hemorrhage patients can not only help to diagnosis stress ulcer,but also estimate prognosis.

Objective To research of the correlation between retinal arterial sclerosis degree,carotid artery intimae-media thickness and leukoaraiosis.Methods Totally 138 patients and experimenters were divided into LA group(n=66) and normal control group(n=72) according to brain MRI.All patients were performed eye digital camera analysis,and graded retinal arterial sclerosis with Scheie method.Two groups were performed carotid ultrasound inspection,and the IMT of carotid artery was measured.Leukoaraiosis was graded by Fazekas method.Results The differences of retinal arterial changes between LA and the normal control group were statistically significant.The differences of the IMT of carotid artery between the two groups had statistically significant difference.Conclusion Leukoaraiosis has correlation with retinal arterial changes and atherosclerosis.

Objective Case of illness infects side which to the cerebral infarction merge lungs infects has sexual intercourse the textile fiber bronchoscope (a filament mirror) under to treat carries on the analysis, the observation clinical curative effect. Method Uses forward-looking, the stochastic parallel comparison research technique, chooses from May, 2010 in hospital case of illness which the period diagnosis 256 example cerebral infarction merge lungs infects to March, 2013, divides into A group of 128 examples (to give conventional treatment like anti-inflammation, phlegm reduction, support treatment) stochastically, B group of 128examples (gives has sexual intercourse under a filament mirror to treat), observes two groups of curative effects. Results Nearby the bed under a filament mirror treats the group and the conventional treatment group comparison, in the mortality rate, the body temperature restores the normal number of days, the lungs wet Luo sound vanishing number of days, the WBC total, the neutral granular cell classification normal number of days as well as the phantom study inflammation absorption number of days, the difference has statistics significance (P<0.05, P<0.01), has obtained the good clinical effect. Conclusion Nearby the bed the filament mirror treatment cerebral infarction fights to the death the lungs to infect the curative effect to be high, the side effect is small, has the good clinical promoted value.

Objective To observe the effects of NBP on the change of nitricoxide(NO) in hippocampus after chronic hypoperfusion.Methods Eighty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation,experimental group,preconditioning group and treatment group.According to nitrate reductase method and β-NADPH,every group was divided into two subgroups.In the experimental group,preconditioning group and treatment group,two common carotid arteries were blocked to establish models of cerebral ischemia,and in the sham-operated group,the common carotid arteries were not ligated.Preconditioning group was given NBP before and after operation.Treatment group was given NBP after operaton,sham operation and experimental group was given normal saline.All rats were killed at 30 days after model establishment respectively.By nitrate reductase method,the abnormal changes of the content of NO in hippocampus were studied after rat forebrain ischemia.Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) positive neurons were stained by β-NADPH and analyzed under microscope.Results In comparison with sham-operated group,the content of NO and the numbers of NOS positive neurons increased in hippocampus of the rats in the experimental group,preconditioning group and treatment group respectively.Compared with the experimental group,the content of NO and the numbers of NOS positive neurons decreased in hippocampus of the rats in preconditioning group and treatment group.Compared with treatment group,the content of NO and the numbers of NOS positive neurons decreased in hippocampus of the rats in preconditioning group.Conclusion The content of NO in hippocampus are increased by 2VO,and this change could be relieved by NBP.

Objective To observe the effects of NBP on behavior and the expression of Aβ in hippocampus of vascular dementia rats,and to study the protective effect of NBP on the brain.Methods The rat models of vascular dementia were made by adopting the permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries in Wistar rats.Morris water maze was used to test the cognitive function of these rats.The expression of Aβ in hippocampus was determined with immunohistochemical technique.Results cognitive ability decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of Aβ in hippocampus increased(P<0.05),in VD experimental group compared with sham operation;cognitive ability of therapy group improved significantly(P<0.05),the expression of Aβ reduced(P<0.05) compared with experimental group.The expression of Aβ in high-dose group reduced than that in low-dose group(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of Aβ in hippocampus of vascular dementia rats increased.NBP could inhibit apoptosis and protect nerve cells through reducing the expression of Aβ in hippocampus.NBP may improve cognitive ability in vascular dementia rats.