Objective:To explore the relationship between female urinary tract host, environment, microbial flora and changes in the host's suitability, and to prove that the urinary tract has its characteristic flora.To investigate the relationship between bacterial flora changes and urinary tract infections, and to make conceptual changes in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections.Methods:From February 2018 to March 2018, 16SrRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the urine samples of women of healthy postmenopausal group(n=5), healthy childbearing age group(n=5), and postmenopausal with urinary tract infection group(n=14), and the diversity and diversity of urogenital microbiome were analyzed.Results:The female urine contains a wide variety of microbiome, and the microbiome constitutes a diversity of individual differences, generally one or two strains predominates. The dominant bacteria in the healthy childbearing age and postmenopausal group are mainly lactobacillus, gardnerella, and sphingomonas, while sphingomonas in the postmenopausal urinary tract infection group was abruptly decreased in abundance. In postmenopausal with urinary tract infections, the predominant microbiome was mainly enterobacteriaceae and lactobacillus, and the abundance of enterobacteriaceae was significantly higher than other two groups, while the abundance of lactobacilli was significantly higher in the healthy childbearing age group than in the postmenopausal period two groups.Conclusions:The dominant urobacteria of the female urogenital are lactobacillus. The urinary microbiome of women with postmenopausal urinary tract infection shows a significant reduction in lactobacillus, sphingomonas, and an increase in the abundance of enterobacteriaceae, suggesting that this may be an important cause of the increased incidence of urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. It provides ideas for diagnosing urinary tract infections and non-antibiotic means for the treatment of urinary tract infections.

目的:通过观察他克莫司(tacrolimus,FK506)对2型糖尿病大鼠(T2DM)肾脏中血管生成素样蛋白2(ANGPTL2)表达的影响,探讨其对肾脏的保护机制.方法:50只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC,10只)和实验组(40只),实验组予高糖高脂喂养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ 30 mg/kg),建立T2DM大鼠模型.成功模型(32只)再随机分为两组:糖尿病对照组(DM,16只)及他克莫司组(DT,16只).他克莫司干预8周后,测体重、血压、肾重、血糖、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24h尿蛋白(UAL)的排泄量;镜下观察肾组织病理改变、免疫组化染色技术、实时定量PCR及Westernblot法检测肾组织ANGPTL2、Nephrin、Podocin mRNA及蛋白表达的变化.结果:DM组24 h UAL排泄量及足细胞损伤明显高于NC组,同时ANGPTL2 mRNA及蛋白表达量明显升高(P均＜0.05),Nephrin及Podocin的mRNA及蛋白表达量明显降低(P＜0.05),DT组较DM组24 h UAL排泄量降低,足细胞损伤改善,ANGPTL2 mRNA及蛋白表达量降低(P＜0.01),Nephrin及Podocin的mRNA及蛋白表达量升高(P＜0.01),且ANGPTL2 mRNA及蛋白表达量与尿白蛋白呈正相关,其与Nephrin及Podocin的mRNA及蛋白表达量呈负相关(P均＜0.01).结论:他克莫司可通过下调ANGPTL2在肾脏的表达,保护足细胞.

目的 观察厄贝沙坦对血管生成素样蛋白2 (ANGPTL2)在糖尿病大鼠肾脏中表达的影响及作用机制. 方法 50只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照(NC)组10只和实验组40只.实验组给予高糖高脂喂养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素建立T2DM大鼠模型,最终建模成功30只,随机分为糖尿病(DM)组15只和厄贝沙坦(DI)组15只.分别检测8周和12周时体重(BW)、BP、肾重(KW)、血糖、血肌酐(Scr)、BUN、24 hUAlb水平.镜下观察肾组织病理改变,免疫组织化学染色法、RT-PCR检测肾组织ANGPTL2 mRNA及蛋白表达的变化. 结果 DM组24 hUAlb水平高于DI组和NC组[8周:(7.43±0.36)vs(5.27±0.22)vs(0.74±0.06) mg/24 h;12周:(7.84±0.32)vs(5.11±0.14)vs(0.74±0.08) mg/24 h,P＜0.05];DM组8周和12周ANGPTL2 mRNA的表达水平较NC和DI组升高(P＜0.05). 结论 ANGPTL2在糖尿病大鼠肾脏的表达量逐渐升高,而厄贝沙坦可降低其表达.

Objective To observe the effect of irbesartan on the expression of angiopoietinlike protein 2 (ANGPTL2) in the diabetic rats kidney and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods A total of sixty male SD rats were divided into normal control group (NC group,n=15) and experimental group (n=45) randomly.The experimental group was fed with high sugar-fat diet and given a low dose streptozocin (STZ 30 mg/kg)to establish type 2 diabetic model.Rats successfully induced diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups:diabetes group (DM) and irbesartan group (DI).Weight,blood pressure,blood glucose,serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24 hour urinary albumin(UAL) and renal histomorphology were observed after drug intervention at the 4th,8th and 12thweeks.The expression of ANGPTL2 in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,real-time PCR and Western blotting.Results The levels of Scr,BUN,TG,TC and UAL in group DM were higher than in group NC at the 4th,8th and 12th week (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with that in group DM,above indexes were lower in group DI at the 4th,8th and 12th week (all P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of the kidney in group DM were more serious than that in group DI.The expression of ANGPTL2 in group DM was much higher than that in group NC at the 4th,8th and 12th week (all P ＜0.05),and irbesartan treatment inhibited the up-regulation of ANGPTL2 in group DI(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of ANGPTL2 increases in T2DM rats kidney tissue with time and irbesartan can inhibit the up-regulation of ANGPTL2 in T2DM rats.

目的：雷公藤甲素（TP）对糖尿病大鼠血管生成素样蛋白2（ANGPTL2）表达的影响及其作用机制。方法60只远交群（SD）雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NC，15只）和试验组（45只），试验组予高糖高脂喂养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ 30 mg/kg）建立T2DM大鼠模型，成功模型（36只）再随机分为两组：糖尿病对照组（DM，18只）及TP组（DT，18只）。分别检测8周及12周测体质量、血压、肾重、血糖、血肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白的排泄量；镜下观察肾组织病理改变；免疫组化染色技术、实时定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测肾组ANGPTL 2 mRNA表达的变化。结果 DM组24 h尿蛋白、尿素氮及肌酐在8周及12周逐渐升高，且均高于同时间的NC组（P均＜0.05），DT组以上指标均低于同时间的DM组（均P＜0.05），DT组及DM组8周及12周的肾脏病理改变逐渐加重，同时间的DT组肾脏病理改变较DM组轻，但仍重于NC组；DM组8周及12周肾脏中的ANGPTL2 mRNA的表达较NC组明显升高（P＜0.05），DT组ANGPTL2的表达量低于同一时间的DM组。结论 ANGPTL2在糖尿病大鼠肾脏的表达量逐渐升高，而雷公藤甲素可降低ANGPTL2在肾的表达，保护肾脏。

Objective:To observe the effect of irbesartan combined with triptolide on ANGPTL2 and VEGF in the kidney of 2 type diabetes(T2DM) rat models,and discuss its mechanism.Methods:50 SD male rats were divided into normal control group(NC,n =10) and experimental group(n =40) randomly.The experimental group was fed with high sugar- fat diet and given a low dose streptozocin(STZ 30 mg/ kg) established type 2 diabetic model rats,and then randomly divided into 4 groups:diabetes control group(DM) 、irbesrtan group(DI) 、triptolide group(DT) and irbesartan combined with triptolide group(DIT).Weight,blood pressure,blood glucose,serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24 hour urinary albumin((UAL) and renal histomorphology were observed after Drug intervention for 8 weeks,the expression of angiotensin- like protein 2(ANGPTL2) 、vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemisty and real- time PCR.Results:blood glucose,serum creatinine,BUN and UAL in DM group were obviously higher than those of the NC group(P<0.01),and the mRNA of ANGPTL2 and VEGF distantly upregulated compared with NC group(P<0.01); Meanwhile blood glucose,serum creatinine and BUN and UAL in DI、DT and DIT group were significantly lower(P<0.01) compared to DM group,and the mRNA of ANGPTL2 and VEGF downregulated.Neverthless,in irbesrtan combined with triptolide group the changes of those indexes above were more significant than those in DI group or in DT group(P<0.05).Conclusion:These results indicate that the expression of ANGPTL2、VEGF in kidney tissue of T2DM rats were upregulated; irbesartan and triptolide could decrease ANGPTL2、VEGF,and they have synergistic effect.

Objective To observe the effect of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) on the podocytes in the kidney of 2 type diabetes(T2DM) rat models and asscess the influence of triptolide on ANGPTL2, and discuss their mechanism. Methods 50 SD male rats were divided into normal control group (NC, n=10) and experimental group (n=40) randomly. The experimental group was fed with high sugar-fat diet and given a low dose streptozocin (STZ 30 mg/kg) established type 2 diabetic model rats, and then the successful induced models randomly divided into 2 groups:diabetes control group (DM) and triptolide group (DT). Weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 hour urinary albumin (UAL) and renal histomorphology were observed after Drug intervention for 8 weeks, the expression of ANGPTL2, Nephrin and Podocin in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR and Western blot. Results UAL in DM group were obviously higher, compare to the NC group (9.07±0.13, 0.73±0.03, P<0.01), and the mRNA and protein of ANGPTL2 distantly was upregulated compared with NC group (P<0.01), the mRNA and protein of Nephrin and Podocin were significantly decreased(P<0.01);Meanwhile UAL was significantly lower(5.51±0.07 9.07±0.13,P<0.01) compared with DM group, and the mRNA and protein of ANGPTL2 downregulated (P<0.01). Neverthless, the mRNA and protein of Nephrin and Podocin were significantly upregulated. Conclusion these results indicate that the expression of ANGPTL2 in kidney tissue of T2DM rats could decrease the expression of Nephrin and Podocin to induce the injury of the podocytes and triptolide could decrease ANGPTL2.