以1年生大果榉扦插苗为试验材料,探讨喷施不同浓度多效唑(PP333)与CaCl2对其抗寒性的影响.结果表明,在试验温度范围内,与对照相比,喷施此2种外源物质均可不同程度降低大果榉叶片的相对电导率和M DA含量,延缓光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量的降解;大果榉幼苗冻害级别与相对电导率、M DA含量呈极显著正相关,与光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著负相关.隶属函数法对不同处理大果榉抗寒性的评价结果与自然越冬后冻害级别的统计结果相一致,外源物质种类及其使用浓度对大果榉幼苗抗寒性影响的大小依次为20 mmol/L CaCl2>25 mmol/L CaCl2>0.15％PP333>0.1％PP333,20 mmol/L CaCl2提高抗寒效果最优.

以大果榉叶片为试验材料,分别在-5、-10、-15、-20℃下进行低温处理,测定不同低温条件下大果榉叶片的丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性,研究大果榉对不同低温的生理响应.结果 表明,大果榉对于不同低温的生理响应存在差异,随着温度的降低,丙二醛含量逐渐增加,但在-15℃之后略有下降;可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量整体呈下降趋势,变化幅度和趋势受温度影响;超氧化物歧化酶活性整体呈先升高后下降的趋势,其活性在-15℃后大幅降低.-15℃可能是大果榉叶片的最低忍受温度,低于此温度后大果榉叶片将无法正常生长代谢.

以深秋大果榉和榆树的叶片为试验材料,研究低温环境下叶片内部叶绿素含量、质膜相对透性、丙二醛含量及可溶性蛋白含量的差异和动态变化情况,为探明深秋大果榉和榆树对低温的生理响应机制以及为园林绿化树种选择、保护提供理论依据.结果 表明,随着低温胁迫程度的加深,大果榉叶片叶绿素含量持续下降,榆树叶片叶绿素含量先增加后降低;相同时间内大果榉的丙二醛含量和质膜相对透性均高于榆树,呈现出不断上升趋势,且二者间差异显著;大果榉的可溶性蛋白含量持续增加,而榆树的可溶性蛋白含量先上升后下降,在相同低温条件下大果榉的可溶性蛋白含量均低于榆树,且差异显著.大果榉和榆树对深秋低温的生理响应差异显著,且大果榉的耐寒能力较榆树弱,故在园林绿化中应采取合理的抗寒措施.

以‘壶瓶枣’(Ziziphus jujuba‘Huping Zao’)为研究材料,研究不同时期(幼果期、膨大期及成熟期)叶面喷施CaCl2对果皮与果肉细胞壁降解酶活性、细胞壁成分原果胶与纤维素、裂果率、显微结构的影响,为明确钙与‘壶瓶枣’裂果的关系及其潜在生理机制,有效降低枣裂果提供理论及技术支撑.结果 表明:不同时期喷CaCl2处理,均显著降低了裂果率,显著降低了果皮和果肉果胶酶与纤维素酶的活性;显著提高了果皮和果肉原果胶与纤维素含量;裂果率与果皮和果肉中果胶酶活性、纤维素酶活性呈极显著正相关,与原果胶含量和纤维素含量呈极显著负相关.CaCl2处理后,枣果角质层保持完整,不发生龟裂;枣果表皮厚度和角质层厚度显著增加;表皮细胞小于对照且排列紧实,果肉细胞排列规整,果肉空腔数减少.幼果期和膨大期喷钙可作为减少‘壶瓶枣’裂果的重要措施.

以大果榉(Zelkova sinica Schneid)1～2年生沙藏枝条为试验材料,研究6种不同基质处理对大果榉扦插生根的影响,并对大果榉的生根过程进行了分析.结果表明,大果榉生根类型是皮质生根和愈伤组织生根混合型;不同基质对大果榉扦插苗各生根指标的影响均达到显著水平,分层基质生根率极显著高于混合基质,但各分层基质之间差异不显著,其中,以草炭与珍珠岩1∶1(体积比)分层处理的基质成活率最高,为89.17％,其次为粗砂、草炭与珍珠岩5∶3∶2(体积比)分层的基质,成活率为88.33％.

[Objective] The suitable method of leaf protein extraction for early spring plant was screened out from four different ways .The variation of protein content and composition at different leaf stagesin three rosaceous species were determined and analyzed . .The results provided the theoretical basis for the corresponding proteomics research in the later stage .[Methods] Four kinds of protein extraction methods ,known as phenolic extraction ,modified phenolic method ,modified Tris-HCl method ,and TCA-acetone extraction method were employed .The protein content and com-position of three early spring plant leaves were determined by (G-250) staining and SDS-PAGE .[Results] Study indi-cated that TCA-acetone extraction method produced better protein profile and higher quality of gel electrophoresis pat -tern compared to other extraction methods .During April to early June ,the protein content in the leaves at five differ-ent growth stages showed "first increase ,then decrease" trend" ,and in different growth stages Sorbaria kirilowii leaf protein content was significantly lower than Cerasus serrulata ,lannesiana ,and Malus micromalus .SDS-PAGE elec-trophoresis showed that three early spring plant leaves were rich in various protein components .From April to May , the protein expression of Cerasus serrulata lannesiana and Malus micromalus leaves were relatively higher and the bands were clearer .The protein bands of Sorbaria kirilowii leaves and the protein types that were changed during flow -ering stage from June to July were relatively fewer than other species .[Conclusion] The TCA-acetone extraction meth-od was the optimal protein extraction method for three kinds of rosaceous plants .In early spring ,protein content of ro-saceous plants was closely affected by the flowering time ,and the protein content before flowering was constantly in -creased and reached the peak at full-blooming stage .The protein content of early flowering species ,such as Cerasus serru-lata lannesiana and Malus micromalus ,was greater than that of late flowering species ,such as Sorbaria kirilowii .

大果榉具有树形优美、木材坚实、抗性强等特点,集观赏价值、药用价值、实用价值、生态价值于一身.介绍了大果榉的生物学特性及分布,综述了榉属植物生物学特性、抗性、良种选育以及繁殖与栽培技术方面的研究.在此基础上,对大果榉今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为今后大果榉的开发利用研究提供理论参考依据.

笔者以壶瓶枣(Zizyphus jujuba cv.Huping)为试材,研究喷施不同次数的EDTA壶瓶枣叶片气孔的特性与差异.结果表明:随着喷施次数的增多,叶片气孔密度逐渐降低;叶片气孔大小和开度先缓慢降低而后急剧降低,与对照相比,喷施6次后显著降低;叶片气孔密度、大小和开度与裂果率均呈负相关关系,且喷施6次EDTA后裂果率达到最低.

This paper regarded the different cracking fruit of the nine varieties of jujube as research material, determination of the related morphological indexes, which included soluble solids content, fruit hardness, fruit quality, fruit shape and fruit shape index, and carried out an analysis on fruit traits and cracking in different varieties of jujube. The results showed that the soluble solids content of the more easily and easily crack varieties of jujube were significantly higher than that of crack resistance varieties. The fruit hardness value of crack resistance varieties was higher than that of the easily crack varieties. The fruit shape, fruit shape index and fruit quality of the varieties of jujube fruit were no significant correlation with fruit cracking.

笔者以裂果性不同的9个枣品种为研究对象,分别对枣果实中可溶性糖、还原糖、总糖、可溶性蛋白质含量等指标进行测定,分析了不同品种枣果中糖和可溶性蛋白质含量与裂果的相关性.结果表明:抗裂品种可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于极易裂品种与易裂品种,极易裂品种可溶性糖含量均显著高于易裂品种与抗裂品种可溶性糖的平均含量,极易裂品种与易裂品种还原糖和总糖含量显著高于抗裂品种.

采用均匀设计,对引物浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶浓度、Mg2+浓度和dNTP浓度4个因素分别设置5个水平,对文冠果ISSR-PCR反应体系进行优化,在此基础上对模板DNA浓度、PCR反应过程中的退火温度进行梯度检测,构建了文冠果ISSR-PCR优化反应体系,在20 μL ISSR-PCR反应体系中,各因素的最佳浓度分别为:2×PCR buffer、0.2mmol·L-1dNTP、0.3μmol·L-1引物、2.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2+和0.4 U TaqDNA聚合酶,进一步对扩增程序中的循环次数和退火温度,以及ISSR引物进行筛选,获得的扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min,接着进行40个循环:94℃变性35s,52～56℃退火35 s,72℃延伸45 s;循环结束后,72℃延伸10 min.

以壶瓶枣及木枣为研究对象,对其不同生长发育时期果实中可溶性蛋白质年变化规律进行了系统的研究。结果表明:枣果实可溶性蛋白质含量随着果实的生长呈波动性变化趋势。在7月11日两枣的可溶性蛋白质含量均较低,壶瓶枣可溶性蛋白质含量高于木枣;随着果实的生长,枣可溶性蛋白质含量均有所增加,壶瓶枣可溶性蛋白质增加幅度高于木枣,且壶瓶枣可溶性蛋白质含量较木枣先达到最大值;随后两枣的可溶性蛋白质含量均有所降低,壶瓶枣可溶性蛋白质含量较木枣先达到最小值;最后,壶瓶枣可溶性蛋白质含量略有上升,而木枣可溶性蛋白质含量则降到最低。

以壶瓶枣及木枣为研究材料,对其不同生长发育期果实中的可溶性糖含量的年变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:枣果实可溶性糖含量随着果实的生长总体呈上升趋势。在绿果期两枣可溶性糖含量均较低,壶瓶枣可溶性糖含量高于木枣;随着果实的生长,枣可溶性糖含量均有增加,壶瓶枣可溶性糖含量增加幅度高于木枣;进入白熟期后,两枣可溶性糖含量均呈直线上升,壶瓶枣可溶性糖含量增加幅度低于木枣。两枣可溶性糖含量峰值均出现在全红期。

Four-year-old transplanted Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were grown in pots under the treatment of three different levels of natural light intensity,soil moisture content and seedling water content.The root activity of transplanted P.tabulaeformis seedlings under the interaction of three factors was studied.The results showed that the root activity of transplanted P.tabulaeformis seedlings was reduced gradually with the decrease of natural light intensity and seedling water content and the increase of soil moisture content.The root activity of transplanted P.tabulaeformis seedlings under natural light was significantly higher than that under shadow when seedling water content was 63% or soil moisture content was 30%;when the transplanted seedlings were under one of the conditions of natural light,63% seedling water content or 30% soil moisture content,the root activity of transplanted seedlings was significantly changed with the change of other two factors;when the transplanted seedlings were under the natural light intensity and 53% natural light intensity,or 30% and 50% soil moisture content,the root activity was reduced with the seedling water loss.

采用丙酮提取叶绿素的方法对五种绿叶和彩叶树种光合色素含量动态变化进行研究。结果表明:五种树种的叶绿素含量整体上呈现递增趋势,类胡萝卜素含量无明显的变化规律;绿叶树种的叶绿素a含量高于彩叶树种;紫叶李的叶绿素b含量高于其他三种绿叶树种,紫叶李的叶绿素总量低于绿叶树种核桃和梨、高于枣树;五角枫的各项光合色素含量最少。

Both 32 ku and 36 ku proteins had been in speculated as the vegetative storage proteins the branches of Ginkgo biloba based on the obvious seasonal changes in their contents.The cytochemical localization of the two proteins was studied with the indirect immuohistochemistry localization technigue.The proteins with a certain immune correlation,were distributed in the vacuole of the parenchyma cells of cortex and the parenchyma cells of phloem.The results revealed tissue distribution pattern of the two kinds of protein,and in the meantime the results provided strong evidence to support the two kinds of protein as the vegetative storage proteins of G.biloba.

The leaf epidermal stomata distribution in four kinds of non-timber forests was studied with colorless nail polish printing mark method and the results were observed by the light microscope of Olympus DP71.The results showed that,the stomata types of four kinds of non-timber forests were different and the stomata type of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.was different from the other three kinds.The stomata types were homogeneous between Zizyphus jujuba Mill.,Juglans regia L.and Prunus davidi Carr.,but there were differences in stomata density between each others.

采用光学和电子显微镜技术、SDS-PAGE技术、间接免疫酶标光镜定位和胶体金免疫电镜定位技术对银杏枝条中的营养贮藏蛋白质(VSPs)进行分离鉴定,并对其细胞学特性及动态变化规律进行初步研究.研究结果:运用制备型SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离并制备银杏32和36 ku 2种营养贮藏蛋白质抗原,通过免疫新西兰大白兔成功获得银杏32和36 ku 2种营养贮藏蛋白质的多克隆抗体.银杏VSPs主要分布于落叶期当年生枝条的次生韧皮部细胞中,呈现出团块状、颗粒状和均一状3种形态.在新梢生长期,积累在枝条中的VSPs逐渐降解消失,表现出明显的季节变化.

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和电子显微镜技术,对银杏枝条营养贮藏蛋白质组分及其动态变化规律进行研究.结果表明:银杏营养贮藏蛋白质主要存在于枝条的树皮和木质部中;当年生枝条含量高于2年生枝条,树皮的含量高于木质部;枝条中营养贮藏蛋白质组分主要是分子质量为36 ku和32 ku的蛋白质;银杏营养贮藏蛋白质的动态变化分为积累和降解2个阶段,5月中旬新叶形成后即开始积累,12月份达到最高,翌年春季降解满足芽的萌发,至4月上旬逐渐消失.

Based on topography photos and aerial images,adopting Geoway,Visual FoxPro and Microsoft ExCEL to deal with and transform the data,the paper selected several factors including area index of patch,standard difference,change coefficient,landscape diversity index(LDI),landscape element dominance index(LED) to analyze general landscape pattern.The results showed that forest land and shrubs were in charge of vegetation landscape along riparian zone,large proportion cultivated land could not be neglected;sparsely distributing villages were the main reason for landscape fragmentation;water surface and meadows were significant in maintaining landscape diversity.Thus,corresponding planning and design for sectioned control of the watershed were proposed.