目的 研究深圳市光明区居民健康素养受新冠疫情影响的变化情况,为当地制定健康措施提供科学依据.方法 在2020年、2021年分别采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法对深圳市光明区居民进行新冠和健康素养问卷调查.运用x2检验、配对t检验比较2年健康素养的变化,运用相关分析研究新冠健康认知及疫情相关指标与健康素养的关系.结果 2020年、2021年分别调查深圳市光明区居民1 233、1 803人,健康素养水平分别为46.39％和44.32％.结合影响因素分析的结果进行匹配,排除混杂因素后对比2年的健康素养水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但2020年健康素养评分高于2021年(P＜0.01);相关性分析发现健康素养评分与新冠健康知识得分(r=0.56)、疫情期间睡眠时长(r=0.17)、对疫情关注程度(r=0.18)及疫苗效果态度(r=0.13)正相关(均P＜0.05).结论 深圳市光明区居民健康素养和新冠健康认知随着疫情进入常态化出现下降趋势,因此提升健康素养需要把握疫情契机,并持续关注和推进、防止回退.

Objective:To investigate inapparent infection rate of HFMD in nursery schools in a district of Shenzhen,and find out prevention and control measures.Methods:Anus swab of all children who did not suffering with HFMD in three nursery schools were collected.Specific genes of EV71 and CA16 were detected and the result was analyzed by statistical method.Results:1305 samples were collected and the positive rate of EV71 was 4.67% while CA16 was 1.30%.There were statistical significances among three schools and among different ages.Conclusion:The high positive rate of EV71 and CA16 indicated that there really existed a portion of inapparent infections among children in prevalent period of HFMD,which made a conclusion that controlling inapparent infection population was very important to the control and prevention of HFMD.Different nursery schools got different inapparent infection rates,and children younger than three years old got the highest inapparent rate,which pointed out that health education should be paid more attention and underage children should be the key crowd in HFMD control and prevention.