目的 分析创伤性骨折患者骨折愈合延迟影响因素,为促进创伤性骨折患者康复提供科学依据.方法 以2021年1-12月新乡医学院第一附属医院3个院区诊治的创伤性骨折患者为研究对象,收集患者的性别、年龄、基础疾病、骨折部位、骨折类型、治疗方法、血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-l)、骨特异碱性磷酸酶(BSAP)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)、骨形成蛋白-9(BMP-9)资料,跟踪随访4～8个月观察创伤性骨折患者骨折愈合延迟情况,采用描述性分析方法对骨折愈合延迟情况进行分析,并通过单因素、多因素分析方法对骨折愈合延迟影响因素进行分析.结果 有效研究对象1 274例,其中89例骨折愈合延迟,发生率为6.99％.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,较高年龄(OR=2.951)、开放性骨折(OR=1.713)以及血清 VEGF 降低(OR=1.379)、TGF-β1 降低(OR=2.158)、BSAP 降低(OR=2.188)、N-MID 降低(OR=1.774)、BMP-9降低(OR=2.895)是创伤性骨折患者骨折愈合延迟的影响因素.结论 创伤性骨折患者存在骨折愈合延迟风险,其受到多方面因素影响,应当关注年龄大、有基础疾病的骨折愈合延迟高危人群,并积极监测相关血清学指标变化,以便及时采取针对性防治措施,减少创伤性骨折患者骨折愈合延迟的发生.
目的 分析剖宫产术后切口感染病原菌感染及耐药菌监测结果.方法 以2017年1月1日至2021年12月31日在郑州市妇幼保健院行剖宫产的产妇为研究对象,收集产妇的人口学信息、生育史、孕期合并症、分娩及手术情况等,并由研究组成员对产妇剖宫产后切口感染情况进行切口是否感染的跟踪随访,并完成切口分泌物的采集用于病原菌培养、鉴定及耐药性检测.采用描述性分析方法对切口感染情况、病原菌分布及耐药情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对切口感染影响因素进行分析.结果 本研究共1 680例剖宫产产妇纳入分析,年龄22～45岁,平均年龄(29.54±4.08)岁,平均孕周(37.09±1.25)周,平均住院时间(7.89±2.10)d.136例发生切口感染,发生率为8.10％.分泌物细菌培养共检测到136株病原菌,革兰阴性菌比例较高,为96株(70.59％),其中大肠埃希菌33株,占34.38％.革兰阳性菌细菌36株,占26.47％,其中金黄色葡萄球菌22株(61.11％).大肠埃希菌对头孢哌酮耐药率为100.00％,对氨苄西林舒巴坦耐药率为93.94％,对氨苄西林耐药率为87.88％,对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星和阿米卡星耐药率为0.肺炎克雷伯杆菌对哌拉西林耐药率为73.68％,对头孢哌酮耐药率为52.63％,对其他抗菌药物耐药率均较低.金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素和左氟氧氧沙星耐药率均较高,分别为90.91％、86.36％和72.73％.二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.451)、手术时间(OR=1.784)、手术出血量(OR=2.270)、合并糖尿病(OR=1.392)是剖宫产术后切口感染的影响因素.结论 剖宫产患者术后切口感染以大肠埃希菌感染为主,对广谱抗生素耐药率较高.高龄、手术时间延长、手术出血增加、合并糖尿病是剖宫产术后切口感染的危险因素,针对危险因素进行干预,是提高剖宫产术后切口感染的重要手段.
目的 调查西安地区2018-2021年儿童手足口病(HFMD)病例特征,并对其病原学特征进行分析.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析西安地区手足口病儿童病例的病例特征,采集儿童病例的肛拭子样本,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测样本的病毒类型,并分析其病原学特征.结果 2018-2021年西安地区手足口病儿童病例累计报告38 720例,年均发病率为278.94/万.其中男23 765例,女14 955例,男女比为1.589:1;5岁以下手足口病儿童病例36 992例,占比95.54％;每年4-7月份报告病例数最多,占全年总例数的57.67％,春、夏两季是儿童手足口病的高发季节.病原学检测结果显示,11 647例手足口病儿童病例样本中,阳性病例5 739例,阳性率为49.27％,以EV 71阳性(61.30％)为主,其次为Cox A16阳性(24.08％)和其他肠道病毒阳性(14.62％).不同年份、年龄和季节的阳性检出病原菌分布差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 EV71病毒是西安地区儿童手足口病的主要病原体,5岁以下儿童是易感人群,在春、夏季节尤其需要注意防护.
目的 了解住院医师、带教教师和管理人员对住院医师规范化培训的评价及建议,分析其存在的问题,为住院医师规范化培训及其考核评估模式优化提供参考依据.方法 采用线上、线下调查问卷的方法对上海市住院规范化培训基地的学员、带教老师和相关职能部门管理人员分别进行调查,采用描述性分析方法对结果进行分析.结果 共有386人参与问卷调查,其中学员338人,带教老师13人,管理人员35人.调查结果显示,3组人员在年龄、职称、最高学历、带教几名学生合适、最高学历专业类型、临床工作与理论/技能学习的时间安排等方面差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).目前培养目标以综合型人才为主67.88％(262/386),89.12％(344/386)的人员赞同双向评价,且认同每季度1次双向评价频率比例最高41.97％(162/386),77.72％(300/386)的人员认为学员个性化管理很有必要,且导师-学生间、管理人员-学生间联系均较少.学员认为需强化对导师/培训员的考核制度,认可导师学员进行双向评价,并建议考核结果与绩效能挂钩,建立奖励机制,调动积极性;带教老师认为双向评价基础上需进一步优化考核机制;管理人员认为需加强学员、带教老师和管理人员三方人员沟通,建议教学方式和考核多元化.结论 住院医师规范化培训中需合理利用带教老师和学员的双向评价体系,双方合理评价,管理人员参与监督,促进共同成长;教学、沟通方式和考核制度需进一步改进优化,以提升教学质量和保障住院医师规培效果.
目的 了解成都市30～79岁居民被动吸烟现状及影响因素,为制定减少被动吸烟危害的相关措施提供依据.方法 研究数据来自西南区域自然人群队列成都地区基线调查,2018年在成都市招募30～79岁居民进行问卷调查,获得居民的一般人口学特征和被动吸烟行为特征.采用Logistic回归分析被动吸烟和被动吸烟时长的影响因素.结果 共纳入分析21 097人,平均年龄(50.8±12.3)岁.成都市30～79岁居民的被动吸烟率为52.2％(11 009/21 097),平均每周被动吸烟时长为6h.不同性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、以及有无吸烟史的成都市居民被动吸烟率、每周被动吸烟时长分布差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析表明女性(OR=1.104)、高中及以上文化程度(OR=1.241)、有吸烟史者(OR=1.510)是被动吸烟的危险因素,年龄较高(45～64岁:OR=0.854;65～79岁:OR=0.443)是被动吸烟的保护因素;年龄45～64岁(OR=1.116)、有吸烟史者(OR=1.623)每周被动吸烟时长更长,高中及以上文化程度者(OR=0.903)每周被动吸烟时长更短.结论 成都市被动吸烟问题较严重,控烟工作需同时关注降低高危人群的暴露率与暴露时长.
Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseand analyze its influencing factors.MethodsOutpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the People′sHospital of Tunchang County and the Third People′s Hospital of Haikou from January 2017 to December 2021 were select-ed to evaluate the nutritional status by using the mini-nutritional assessment（MNA）. The basic data of patients includinggender,age,education level,living style,physical activity,eating behavior,medical treatment method,course of dis-ease,the severity of disease,and combined underlying diseases were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysismethod was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease.ResultsA total of 997 outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included,including 582 pa-tients（58.38%）with normal nutrition,305 patients（30.59%）with malnutrition risk,and 110 patients（11.03%）withmalnutrition. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=2.712）,living style（OR=0.209）,physicalactivity（OR=0.481）,eating behavior（OR=0.693）,course of disease（OR=2.949）,the severity of disease（OR=1.508）,combined underlying disease（OR=2.841）were the influencing factors of malnutrition in outpatients with chronicobstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionsThe nutritional status of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease is poor,which is affected by individual age,illness,living habits,and other factors. Attention should be paid to high-risk groups of malnutrition,and good living habits should be actively established to improve the nutritional status and quali-ty of life of patients.
Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in patients with sepsis,and to provide a reference for effective intervention measures.Methods Patients with sepsis who received enteral nutrition at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as subjects. Medical staff monitored whether patients experienced feeding intolerance during enteral nutrition,and collected patients’ basic information,disease status,and drug use. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance,and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in patients with sepsis.Results A total of 526 subjects were obtained,and with 218 cases of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance,the incidence rate was 41.44%.Most intolerances occurred within 3-4 days of enteral nutrition,accounting for 44.50%,and the duration of intolerance was mostly 1 day,accounting for 46.33%. The main manifestations were diarrhea（62.39%）,abdominal distension（40.83%）,and gastric retention（15.60%）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that blood glucose（OR=2.021）,serum albumin（OR=0.209）,use of sedatives/analgesics（OR=1.335）,use of acid suppressor（OR=1.530）,use of potassium preparations（OR=1.677）,use of probiotics（OR=0.640）,type of antibiotic use（OR=1.471）,and mechanical ventilation（OR=3.009）were the influencing factors of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in patients with sepsis.Conclusions The incidence of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in patients with sepsis is high,and the influencing factors are complex and diverse. Attention should be paid to the use of sedatives/analgesics,acid suppressor,potassium preparations,probiotics,antibiotics,and mechanical ventilation. Blood glucose and serum albumin should be monitored. Appropriate enteral nutrition catheterization and nutritional preparations should be selected according to individual conditions,and inspection and observation should be strengthened during enteral nutrition to prevent and reduce feeding intolerance.
目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭患者症状群的组成,并分析其与生活质量的关系.方法 选取2018年1月至2022年1月文昌市人民医院收治的慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象.采用一般资料调查表、Memorial心力衰竭症状评估量表(MSAS-HF)以及明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量问卷(MLHFQ)对所有患者进行调查.采用系统聚类法提取症状群,分析症状群与生活质量评分、氨基末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、6min步行试验(6MWT)、心率、射血分数以及峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)水平相关性.结果 共纳入1 556例慢性心力衰竭患者,发生率排名前5位的症状为气短(81.04％)、胸闷/胸痛(69.79％)、没劲(67.99％)、平躺时呼吸困难(51.03％)、心悸(50.58％).聚类分析最终提取情绪相关、淤血相关、消化道相关以及缺血相关4个症状群,症状评分分别为(2.95±1.44)、(5.13±1.98)、(3.48±1.81)、(9.19±3.36)分.患者生活质量评分(58.37±21.44)分,NT-proBNP(1478.59±224.57)ng/L,6MWT距离(367.45±60.33)m,心率(87.14±24.77)次/min,射血分数(43.79±12.45)％,VO2peak水平(20.31±5.54)mL/(min·kg).相关性分析显示4个症状群与生活质量评分、NT-proBNP、心率呈正相关,而与6MWT距离、VO2peak、射血分数呈负相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 慢性心力衰竭患者存在多种症状,并与患者生活质量密切相关,需重视患者症状群并进行症状管理,以缓解症状.
ObjectiveTo estimate long-term trends in kidney cancer morbidity,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years rates（DALY rates）in five Asian countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 and the current disease burden of kidney cancer in China in 2019,and to project future trends through 2029.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019（GBD 2019）,from which burden of disease indicators was obtained for China′s mainland,Taiwan of China,South Korea,Japan,and Singapore,analyzing trends of disease burden from 1990 to 2019. Using ARIMA models,morbidity and mortality trends were projected for China′s mainland from 2020 to 2029.ResultsAmong the five Asian countries and regions from 1990 to 2019,the age-standardized morbidity,mortality,and DALY rates of China′s mainland,Taiwan of China,and South Korea showed an upward trend（EAPC 95% CI ＞ 0）. Taiwan of China had the largest change of growth,followed by China′s mainland. In 2019,the DALY rates of kidney cancer in five Asian countries and regions showed an upward trend with the increase in age. The disease burden of male kidney cancer in each country and region was higher than that of females. The DALY rate of kidney cancer caused by three risk factors,high body mass index（BMI）,smoking,and trichloroethylene occupational exposure,was the highest in Taiwan of China. The prediction results of the ARIMA model showed that the morbidity and mortality of kidney cancer in China′s mainland would continue to increase from 2020 to 2029.ConclusionsSince 1990,the morbidity of kidney cancer has been showing an increasing trend in the five Asian countries and regions. And morbidity and mortality will continue to increase in China′s mainland by 2029.
目的 分析武汉地区泌尿系统结石患者结石成分及与饮水量相关性.方法 以2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日在武汉市某医院就诊的泌尿系统结石患者为研究对象进行结石成分检测,同时纳入经排查无泌尿系统结石的健康体检者作为对照组,采用问卷调查方法收集2组人群的基本信息及饮水习惯等进行比较分析,采用描述性分析方法对泌尿系统结石患者的结石成分在人体部位及与饮水量的关系进行分析.结果 本研究共纳入1 798例泌尿系统结石患者,男性1 212例,占67.41％;女性586例,占32.59％.年龄23～75岁,以50～59岁的患者数量最多,共750例,占41.71％,纳入无泌尿系统结石的健康体检者256人,男性173人,女性83人,50～59岁共107人,占41.80％,结石患者和对照组人群性别和年龄分布差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),日均饮水量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).单纯型结石患者878例,占48.83％;混合型结石患者920例,占51.17％.单纯性结石中,结石成分为草酸钙的例数最多,共807例,占44.88％;混合型结石中,结石成分为草酸钙+碳酸磷灰石的例数最多,共633例,占35.21％.泌尿系统结石中分布在肾脏的1 083例,占60.23％;分布在输尿管的485例,占26.97％;在膀胱的202例,占11.23％;尿道的28例,占1.56％.日均饮水量＞3000mL为泌尿系统结石形成的保护因素(OR=0.658,95％CI:0.325～0.935).结论 武汉地区的泌尿系统结石患者中,单纯型结石成分以草酸钙为主,混合性结石中以草酸钙+碳酸磷灰石为主;泌尿系统结石以肾脏分布比例最高;泌尿系统结石形成受饮水量等多种因素影响,为预防其发生需采取针对性预防措施.
目的 探讨中青年体检人群25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与血脂的相关性.方法 采用方便抽样方法抽取北京市某三甲医院2019年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间在体检中心进行健康体检的18～＜60岁人群作为调查对象,从体检数据库中提取符合研究条件的调查对象的身高、体重、血压、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总蛋白、空腹血糖、尿酸、血清磷、血脂指标等检测结果,并检测血清25(OH)D水平,采用单、多因素分析方法对中青年体检人群血清25(OH)D水平的相关因素进行分析.结果 本研究共纳入中青年体检者668人.男女性别比为1∶1.73,以女性所占比例较高,占63.32％.年龄以30～39岁者所占比例较高,占79.19％.其中血清25(OH)D水平平均为(1 856±6.17)μg/L,维生素D缺乏426例(占63.77％),维生素D不足209例(占31.29％),维生素D充足组33人(占4.94％).多重线性回归分析结果显示中青年体检人群中性别(β'=0.348)、BMI(β'=-0.354)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(β'=0.964)均为血清25(OH)D水平的独立影响因素.结论 中青年体检人群维生素D缺乏率较高,充分比例占极少数,且血清25(OH)D水平受此人群BMI和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的影响,提示应警惕中青年人群维生素D缺乏的可能,及时改善生活行为方式及调整饮食习惯,必要时予以检测.
Objective To learn the health literacy and its influence factors in Xinhui District,Jiangmen City,and to explore the mediating effect of health skills between knowledge and behavior,and to provide theoretical support for the improvement of health literacy.Methods A questionnaire survey on health literacy was carried out by using probability proportionate to size sampling of Xinhui District from 2017 to 2021. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis,and Pearson correlation was employed to explore the relationship among knowledge,skills and behavior. Besides,the Bootstrap test was used to analyze the mediating effect.Results A total of 3 083 residents in Xinhui District were surveyed. The level of health literacy was 26.47%. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the residents with education of college/bachelor degree or above（OR=2.089）and high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school（OR=1.721）were exhibited a significantly higher health literacy than primary school or below,and the medical staff（OR=5.373）,teachers（OR=4.421）,and workers（OR=1.319）were higher than farmer.There was a significant positive correlation among three aspects of health literacy（P＜0.01）,and health skills played a part mediating role between basic knowledge and health behaviors,the mediating effect accounted for 27.94%.Conclusions The health literacy level is increasing year by year in Xinhui District,Jiangmen City. But the residents with low education and farmers still needed to be paid attention,and health literacy can be promoted by improving health skills.
Objective To analyze the status of knowledge,attitude,and practice of prevention and treatment of cervical cancer among community women in two cities of Ningxia and explore its influencing factors.Methods From July to September 2020,a total of 1 300 community women from 15 townships/towns/subdistricts in 5 districts of Yinchuan City and Wuzhong City were selected by convenience sampling method to survey the knowledge,attitude,and practice of prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of the score of knowledge,attitude,and practice of prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Results A total of 1 253 community women were enrolled in the two cities,with an average age of（41.87±10.72）years. The average total standard score of knowledge,attitude,and practice for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in community women was（71.94±9.97）points,and the average standard score of knowledge,attitude,and practice was（57.06±27.05）,（75.31±8.56）,and（73.09±16.56）points respectively. The results of multiple stepwise regression equation showed that women with higher education level（β’ =0.360）,employees in enterprises and public institutions（β’ =0.086）,employees medical insurance（β’=0.384）,and residents medical insurance（β’=0.188）had higher total score of knowledge,attitude,and practice. Women with commercial insurance（β’=-0.082）and a history of HPV infection（β’=-0.104）had lower total score of knowledge,attitude,and practice.Conclusion The level of knowledge,attitude,and practice of community women in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in the two cities of Ningxia is at the medium level,and education level,occupation,type of medical insurance,and history of HPV infection are the influencing factors.
目的 了解平顶山市性病门诊男性就诊者的一般人口学和行为学特征,以及HIV、丙肝(HCV)和梅毒(TP)感染情况,为当地性病、艾滋病防控策略的制定提供参考依据.方法 对平顶山市2019-2021年性病门诊男性就诊者监测数据进行分析,并对TP感染的影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 2019-2021年共监测性病门诊男性就诊者1 202例,平均年龄(36.87±9.35)岁,76.96％已婚;累计检出HIV 5例,HCV 12例,TP90例,阳性率分别为0.42％,1.00％,7.49％.3年艾滋病相关知识知晓率分别为79.00％,84.50％和91.29％.该人群与暗娼有过性行为的发生率呈降低趋势(P＜0.01);与临时性伴(包括同性肛交)有过性行为的发生率逐年升高(P＜0.01),最近1年患过性病和接受安全套宣传、艾滋病咨询检测的发生率也逐年升高(P＜0.01).TP感染的影响因素分析显示,艾滋病相关知识不知晓(OR=3.11)、最近3个月与临时性伴发生性行为(OR=1.87)、最近3个月与暗娼有性行为(OR=3.25)、曾与同性发生肛交行为(OR=4.01)、近1年患过性病(OR=4.29)是TP感染的危险因素.结论 建议依靠性病门诊开展健康教育和行为干预,加强性病门诊男性就诊者的HIV/HCV/TP检测咨询服务,进一步降低该人群性病和艾滋病感染风险.
Objective To understand the prevalence of cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County,and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted from January to December 2020. One subdistrict office（township）was selected from each of the eight towns in Tunchang County,and two communities（villages）were selected from each subdistrict office（township）as survey sites. People aged ≥60 were selected from the survey sites to conduct eye examination and questionnaire survey. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the prevalence of cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County,and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of cataract in the elderly.Results A total of 1 517 elderly permanent residents in Tunchang County were investigated. Male accounted for 49.51% and female accounted for 50.49%;The age was mainly 60-80 years old,accounting for 97.50%;The education level was mainly below senior high school,accounting for 70.53%. A total of 423 cases of cataract were detected,the prevalence rate was 27.88%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of high myopia（OR=1.597）,diabetes（OR=2.720）,smoking（OR=1.443）,outdoor occupation（OR=28.042）,moderate intensity of eye use（OR=1.643）,and high intensity of eye use（OR=2.602）were the risk factors for cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County.Conclusion The prevalence of cataract in the elderly in Tunchang County is high,and high myopia,diabetes,smoking,high intensity of eye use,and outdoor occupation are the risk factors for the disease.
目的 探讨细胞因子作为感染性脑炎鉴别诊断标志物的可行性,为感染性脑炎的早期识别提供新的思路和实验依据.方法 以广州市妇女儿童医疗中心神经内科因原发性脑炎住院的患儿为研究对象,收集其人口学资料、脑脊液进行14种细胞因子检测.通过建立Fisher判别函数、制作受试者工作特性曲线(ROC),评价细胞因子鉴别诊断感染性脑炎的临床价值.结果 Fisher判别函数模型分析得出脑脊液IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12p70、IL-2的表达水平及患者年龄等5个变量有统计学意义,对感染性脑炎判别正确率为81.10％.患者年龄和IL-1β联合鉴别诊断感染性脑炎的cut off值是0.72,灵敏度是85.0％,特异度是92.06％,AUC为0.85.结论 本研究建立的Fisher判别分析函数具有较高的判别分析能力.脑脊液IL-1β的表达水平联合患者年龄有望成为辅助鉴别诊断感染性脑炎的指标,为感染性脑炎的早期诊断提供新的思路和实验依据.
Objective To explore the status of secondary prophylactic medication in patients with ischemic cardi-ocerebrovascular disease,and to analyze the related factors affecting medication compliance.MethodsPatients withischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease who received treatment in a hospital in Zhengzhou from January 2021 to January2022 were included to conduct a questionnaire survey on secondary prophylactic medication,and results of medicationtype and compliance were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The factors influencing the compliance of secondaryprophylactic medication in this population were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods.ResultsA totalof 763 patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease were investigated in this study,and 750 patients were effec-tively investigated,the effective rate was 98.29%. Among them,306 patients with ischemic heart disease,422 patientswith ischemic stroke,and 22 patients complicated with ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. Of the 750 patients withischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease,198 cases reported taking antiplatelet drugs or statins,accounting for 26.40%. Theproportion of patients taking antiplatelet drugs only and statins only was 45.95%（91/198）and 29.29%（58/198）,respec-tively. There were 112 patients with good medication compliance,and the compliance rate was 56.57%. Binary Logistic re-gression analysis showed that gender（OR=2.289）,age（OR=0.624）,an education level（OR=2.020）,work status（OR=3.391）,annual family income（OR=1.723,2.164）,complicated with hypertension（OR=1.266）,and course ofdisease（OR=0.531,0.267）were related factors affecting compliance of secondary prophylactic medication in patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease.ConclusionsThe rate of secondary prophylaxis medication was low in pa-tients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular disease in Zhengzhou,and the compliance was poor,among which the gender,age,education level,annual family income,work status,and course of disease were all important factors affecting themedication compliance.
目的 调查海安地区≥65岁人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患病现状及相关因素,为制定COPD防控措施提供科学依据.方法 于2021年8月采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取海安地区≥65岁居民进行问卷调查及肺功能检查,采用描述性分析方法对COPD患病情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对COPD患病影响因素进行分析.结果 本研究共完成832名海安地区≥65岁人群的资料收集及肺功能检查.年龄65～86岁,以70～79岁所占比例较高,为50.60％,男性占56.97％.检出COPD患者310例,患病率为37.26％,其中轻、中、重度与极重度分别占 26.97％、30.91％、27.88％、14.24％.多因素 Logistic 回归分析,结果显示年龄(OR=1.495)、文化程度(OR=1.939)、吸烟(OR=1.876)、家庭有患哮喘者(OR=1.390)、家族有COPD患者(OR=1.539)均为≥65岁人群COPD患病的影响因素.结论 海安地区≥65岁人群COPD患病率较高,中、重度占比较大,应引用医疗卫生部门对老年人群COPD患病情况的重视,并针对相关因素开展预防控制工作.
目的 研究深圳市光明区居民健康素养受新冠疫情影响的变化情况,为当地制定健康措施提供科学依据.方法 在2020年、2021年分别采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法对深圳市光明区居民进行新冠和健康素养问卷调查.运用x2检验、配对t检验比较2年健康素养的变化,运用相关分析研究新冠健康认知及疫情相关指标与健康素养的关系.结果 2020年、2021年分别调查深圳市光明区居民1 233、1 803人,健康素养水平分别为46.39％和44.32％.结合影响因素分析的结果进行匹配,排除混杂因素后对比2年的健康素养水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但2020年健康素养评分高于2021年(P＜0.01);相关性分析发现健康素养评分与新冠健康知识得分(r=0.56)、疫情期间睡眠时长(r=0.17)、对疫情关注程度(r=0.18)及疫苗效果态度(r=0.13)正相关(均P＜0.05).结论 深圳市光明区居民健康素养和新冠健康认知随着疫情进入常态化出现下降趋势,因此提升健康素养需要把握疫情契机,并持续关注和推进、防止回退.
Objective To analyze the health-adjusted life expectancy（HALE）and its variation in Guangdong Province and its 21 cities between 2005 and 2015.Methods The death data based on county level in Guangdong between2005 and 2015 were collected and analyzed. The proportional relationship between years of life lost（YLL）and years lived with disability（YLD）in Guangdong in global burden of disease（GBD）2015 and the mixed effect model were used to estimate the YLD rate of diseases. The HALE was calculated by Sullivan method based on the abridged multiple-decrement life tables.Results In 2015,the life expectancy（LE）and HALE of residents in Guangdong were 77.88 years and 68.88years respectively,higher than that in 2005;the HALE loss due to disability（LHE）of the 0-year-old group in Guangdong was 9.00 years,higher than 7.84 years in 2005. Except for very few age groups,the LE,HALE,LHE and LHE/LE of women in Guangdong were higher than those of men. Variations of HALE could be observed among cities in Guangdong.Conclusions The HALE,LE and LHE in Guangdong increased between 2005 and 2015. The regional development of HALE and LE in cities across the province is unbalanced,which shows that the developed cities are higher than the underdeveloped cities.
