The development of low-temperature, energy-efficient technologies for hydrocarbon abatement is crucial for sustainable fuel processing and emission control. While non-thermal plasma (NTP) offers a promising alternative to conventional high-temperature thermal catalysis, the rational design of catalysts for such hybrid systems remains ambiguous. Here, we demonstrate a critical mechanistic shift in propane oxidation over a series of metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived MnCoOx catalysts with tailored properties. Under thermal conditions, the catalytic activity (T90) is strongly influenced by strong acid sites, though redox properties also play a complementary role, following the order: MnCoOx-BTC (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid = BTC, 340 °C) > MnCoOx-MIM (2-methylimidazole = MIM, 305 °C) > MnCoOx-IDC (imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid = IDC, 298 °C). Remarkably, the relative performance of MnCoOx-MIM and MnCoOx-BTC is completely inverted under plasma-driven conditions (∼227 J/L), with propane conversion ranking as MnCoOx-MIM (69 %) < MnCoOx-BTC (80 %) < MnCoOx-IDC (90 %). This striking reversal, elucidated by multi-technique characterization and operando spectroscopy, underscores a fundamental change in the rate-determining step: from C-H cleavage at acid sites to electron-transfer dynamics governed by electronic band structure. The optimal MnCoOx-IDC catalyst, featuring the narrowest band gap, superior charge-transfer kinetics and the highest oxygen vacancy concentration, achieves outstanding ambient-temperature propane conversion and energy efficiency (2.89 g/kWh). Our findings establish that effective plasma catalyst design should prioritize electronic conductivity over traditional acid-site tuning. This work provides a strategic blueprint for developing advanced, energy-saving hybrid systems for hydrocarbon oxidation, with direct implications for cleaner fuel technologies.

The catalytic oxidation of methane (CH4) is critical for mitigating the greenhouse effect, however, the high stability of the CH4 molecule makes its activation under mild conditions highly challenging. In this study, a highly efficient 0.75 %Pd/Mn0.45Co2.55O4/NF catalyst for low-temperature CH4 oxidation was successfully constructed by systematically optimizing parameters such as duty cycle, voltage, frequency, and deposition time, employing a strategy that combines pulsed electrodeposition with an impregnation method. This approach first yielded a porous nanosheet Mn0.45Co2.55O4 support on nickel foam (NF), followed by Pd loading to obtain the final catalyst. Catalytic activity tests demonstrated the catalyst's excellent performance, with low T50 (290 degrees C) and T90 (325 degrees C) values and strong moisture tolerance. Comprehensive structural characterization and mechanistic studies reveal that its superior performance originates from the synergistic effect of Mn doping and Pd loading: Mn doping induces lattice distortion in Co3O4 and enriches oxygen vacancies, and the introduction of Pd further amplifies these defect structures, increases the proportion of active Co3+ and surface adsorbed oxygen species, and significantly enhances the low-temperature reducibility of the catalyst. Operando DRIFTS-MS studies revealed that CH4 oxidation follows the reactions with surface reactive surface oxygen species (M = O and M-O-M, which are generated from O2 following Epling-Xu mechanism) to form readily detachable bicarbonate intermediates. The O2 dissociation and reaction with CH4, and the gasification of bicarbonate intermediates to gaseous CO2, complete the catalytic cycle. This study provides a rational strategy for designing high-performance catalysts obtained using the combination of pulsed electrodeposition and impregnation for CH4 abatement and offers new insights into the dynamic role of oxygen species in the oxidation mechanism.

Interfacial interactions between support and active species are crucial for the catalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), yet whether stronger interactions always yield superior performance remains unresolved. Herein, a pure-phase Ce10W22O81 support with thermally stable oxygen vacancies (Ov) was synthesized. These Ov, originating from WO7 pentagonal bipyramid-induced lattice distortion, were governed in concentration by the pre-calcination temperature. After loading RuOx–ZrOx, the Ov-mediated interfacial interactions were examined in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) oxidation. The moderate interfacial interaction in the RuOx–ZrOx/Ce10W22O81-600 catalyst induced abundant Lewis (L) acid–base sites and an appropriate redox capacity, enabling a cascade pathway (DCE → vinyl chloride → acetaldehyde → acetate) that balanced dechlorination and deep oxidation, thereby delivering 90% conversion at 277 °C, 64 h stability, and complete suppression of polychlorinated by-products (PCBs). Conversely, the Ce10W22O81 supports pre-calcined at 700–800 °C contained more Ov, inducing a stronger interfacial interaction that generated excess interfacial Ov and highly active RuOx species. These excess Ov provided abundant adsorption sites for chlorine (Cl) species, causing metal–chlorine accumulation, while the highly active RuOx advanced the Deacon reaction and facilitated in-situ Cl2 activation at high temperatures, synergistically intensifying intermediate chlorination, competing with deep oxidation, producing PCBs, and ultimately lowering high-temperature mineralization efficiency. In contrast, toluene oxidation activity increased monotonically with enhanced interfacial interaction, highlighting the distinct behavior of Cl-containing systems. This work reveals that interfacial interaction strength does not linearly correlate with catalytic performance in Cl-containing systems, providing a basis for designing Cl-resistant catalysts that suppress PCBs formation during CVOCs oxidation.

To observe and analyse the characteristic endoscopic findings and clinical significance of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome(BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) under ultrathin bronchoscopy. The clinical data and characteristic images under bronchoscopy of 51 patients diagnosed with BOS after HSCT in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2020 to December 2023 were collected. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyse the correlation between the occlusion level with the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1

This experimental study investigated whether lncRNA SNHG14 contributes to hyperoxia-associated bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) through DNMT3a-mediated epigenetic regulation of miR-214-3p and evaluated TfR-modified exosome-mimetic nanovesicles as an siRNA delivery platform. Hyperoxia-exposed murine alveolar epithelial type II cells and neonatal C57BL/6J mice were used. Cells and neonatal mice were exposed to 85

A high-performance monolithic catalyst, 0.5Pt/Ce0.23Co0.34@nickel foam (NF), was designed and fabricated to enable plasma catalysis degradation of o-xylene, a representative aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC). The catalyst was synthesized via a two-step route: hydrothermal deposition of Ce-Co oxides onto 3D NF followed by Pt impregnation. Under dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) conditions at 50 degrees C and 109 J/L, complete conversion of 865 mg/m3 o-xylene was achieved with 91.3 % COx selectivity and 28.4 g/kWh energy efficiency. Operando plasma DRIFTS revealed that Pt accelerated O3 uptake/decomposition, generating abundant surfaceactive oxygen species (M-O, M-O-2(-)), whereas the redox couples of Co3+/Co2+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ facilitated electron transfer as well as the formation of oxygen vacancies. The reaction pathway proceeded through o-xylene -> o-xylene radical -> benzyl alcohol -> benzaldehyde -> benzoic acid -> maleic anhydride -> CO2 + H2O. Notably, Co0.34@NF, Ce0.23Co0.34@NF, and 0.5Pt/Ce0.23Co0.34@NF catalysts suppressed H2O adsorption, sustaining rapid surface generation and migration of oxygen species.

Driven by the profound risks that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like styrene impose on atmospheric purity and human health, formulating proficient degradation methodologies has become imperative. In response to this demand, our study presents the rational design of Cu-Co-Ce mixed-metal oxide catalysts. These catalysts, characterized by their rumpled cavity-containing micro-spherical framework, were engineered via a continuous-flow aerosol thermal pyrolysis route. Through systematic optimization, the 0.083Cu-Co-CeO2 catalyst achieved a dry T90 of 215.8 °C under 948 ppm styrene, 20% O2, and a WHSV of 30,000 mL/(g·h), and retained high activity under continuous 2% H2O, significantly outperforming single-component Co3O4 and bimetallic Co-CeO2 counterparts. Comprehensive characterizations revealed that aerosol pyrolysis promoted atomic-level metal mixing, forming solid solutions enriched with oxygen vacancies and intimate CoCe heterointerfaces. Kinetic analyses indicated that trace Cu incorporation maintained the apparent activation energy (31.0 kJ/mol) comparable to the Co-CeO2 host, suggesting that Co-CeO2 served as the primary catalytic component. H2O-TPD and operando DRIFTS studies supported a water-resistance mechanism in which Cu weakens strongly bound water adsorption and helps preserve access to CoCe active sites; surface hydroxyl species may participate in oxidation under humid conditions. This synergy ensures continuous regeneration of active oxygen species and unhindered deep oxidation of styrene-oxidation intermediates, providing novel strategies for designing efficient, water-resistant non-noble metal catalysts for industrial styrene VOC abatement.

This work focuses on a Cr/beta-zeolite catalyst, with which we investigated sulfur-induced deactivation in the catalytic combustion of toluene and elucidated the corresponding structural and functional modifications under in situ high-temperature regeneration. The recovery of catalyst activity is closely related to temperature: when regenerated at 700 degrees C, the activity is almost completely recovered, and toluene can be completely converted at about 350 degrees C (only 10 degrees C higher than that of fresh catalyst). In contrast, regeneration above 700 degrees C leads to deteriorated activity recovery. The mechanism analysis shows that the recovery of activity is mainly due to the thermal decomposition of sulfate species on the surface, and the redox cycle of Cr is reactivated. However, if the temperature is too high, the Cr active sites will be irreversibly clustered together, and the zeolite skeleton will collapse, so even if sulfur is removed, the catalytic activity cannot be recovered. These findings highlight the need to balance sulfate removal with structural integrity during high-temperature regeneration. Although high-temperature treatment can effectively mitigate sulfur poisoning, preserving thermal stability and preventing sintering of active sites remain critical.

This study addresses the critical challenge of formaldehyde (HCHO) inhibition on NH3-SCR activity in the low-temperature range. Through surface hydroxyl modification of MnCoOx, the optimized MnCoOx-5AS catalyst exhibited a 58 % increase in NOx conversion compared to unmodified MnCoOx at 125 degrees C under 100 ppm HCHO, accompanied by a 20 % increase in CO2 selectivity and minimal HCN generation. The modification induced a pronounced pore-expanding effect, enhanced redox capability, and enriched surface acid sites-particularly Br & Oslash;nsted acid sites. The MnCoOx-5AS catalyst achieved enhanced HCHO tolerance through dual-function surface hydroxyl groups: (1) Facilitating rapid HCHO oxidation to CO2, thereby suppressing HCONH2 formation; (2) Catalyzing hydrolysis of byproducts (HCONH2-* NH3; HCN-* NH3/NOx) to regenerate NH3 for SCR recycling. Additionally, surface hydroxyls strengthened NH3 adsorption/activation via NH4+ formation while mitigating active site coverage by HMTA and formamide species. This synergistic mechanism establishes a hydroxyl-mediated pathway for efficient SCR operation in HCHO-containing exhaust environments, providing critical theoretical foundation for designing novel SCR catalysts to enable synergistic control of NOx and HCN.

Neuroticism is significantly associated with various psychiatric disorders. Individuals exhibiting high levels of neuroticism are more susceptible to experiencing anxiety, depression, and other negative emotional responses. Research on the differences in macroscopic functional connectivity gradients among neuroticism levels and their associations with microscopic transcriptomics remains scarce. This study explores the associations between functional gradient and transcriptional expression in neuroticism across 109 individuals with low neuroticism (LNG) and 210 with medium-high neuroticism (MHNG). We analyzed functional gradient alterations in MHNG and their correlations with neurotransmitters, meta-analytic cognitive terms, and transcriptional patterns using partial least squares regression (PLS), involving similarity with major psychiatric disorders, functional enrichments, developmental stages, cortical layers, and specific cell types. MHNG exhibited functional gradient changes within the default, limbic, and visual networks, which correlated with higher-order cognitive terms and alterations in several neurotransmitters. We identified significant overlaps between PLS1 weighted genes and those dysregulated in schizophrenia and autism. Genes linked with gradient alterations were enriched in synaptic signaling, infection and metabolism, astrocytes, specific cortical layers, and developmental phases from early fetal to young adulthood. These findings offer a critical theoretical foundation for understanding the complex relationship between macroscopic functional gradients and microscopic transcriptional patterns across various neuroticism levels.

The plasma-catalytic oxidation of n-undecane (C11H24)—a major long-chain alkane component in VOCs (volatile organic compounds)—faces substantial difficulties at low temperatures due to its inherently stable molecular structure. Through incipient wetness impregnation, we obtained a 0.6 wt% Pd/Ni0.86Co2.14O4 catalyst that exhibited 90% C11 oxidation at 30 °C and 70 J/L, alongside robust durability over time. Systematic characterization revealed that the incorporation of Ni promoted the formation of Co3+, Ni3+, and adsorbed oxygen species. Adding Pd not only optimized these parameters but also enhanced the strongly chemisorbed water (Type III) content from 44.66% to 62.32% relative to the unloaded NiCo oxide support. Upon introducing 1.5% water vapor, the catalyst performance was significantly enhanced. Operando plasma DRIFTS revealed that water altered the reaction pathway, shifting the dominant surface intermediate from monodentate carbonate to bicarbonate, accompanied by a marked decrease in CH2 and CH3 peaks, indicating more complete oxidation. Notably, water induced a pronounced decrease in both the M–O–M and M = O bands over the Pd/NiCo catalyst. Together with the emergence of surface hydroxyl features and the supporting EPR, XPS, and H2O-TPD results, these changes suggested a water-induced evolution of the surface oxygen/hydroxyl environment accompanied by oxygen-vacancy formation. Based on these correlated observations, a “dynamic activation” scenario was proposed to describe the reversible evolution of surface oxygen species and carbonate intermediates under humid plasma conditions.

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is traditionally regarded as extremely rare in neonates, but there is now strong evidence that its true incidence is seriously underestimated because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and the limited utility of standard diagnostic pathways in this population. In hemodynamically unstable infants, computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), the diagnostic gold standard in adults, is often impractical, hence the urgent need for alternative bedside-focused diagnostic strategies. Case presentation We describe two 28-week premature neonates who had episodes of cardiopulmonary arrest and who underwent thorough investigation, yielding no evidence of structural cardiac abnormalities, pneumothorax, electrolyte disturbance, or infectious complications. Bedside studies disclosed markedly elevated D-dimer levels and transthoracic echocardiographic findings of right ventricular dilation, impaired systolic function, and indirect signs of pulmonary hypertension. Because neonatal pulmonary embolism is rapid and dangerous and the infeasibility of CTPA in the unstable clinical context, empiric anticoagulation with heparin was initiated, followed by thrombolytic therapy due to persistent clinical deterioration. The patient had rapid hemodynamic recovery and normalization of D-dimer levels. Conclusions The cases make it very clear that a high index of suspicion for PE should be maintained in neonates with unexplained hemodynamic collapse, recurrent apnea, or cardiorespiratory arrest, especially when risk factors are present. Therefore, a multi-modal diagnostic approach combining clinical evaluation, D-dimer testing, and focused echocardiography is optimal when CTPA is not feasible. Prompt, guideline-directed anticoagulant and thrombolytic strategies can markedly improve outcomes in this rare but devastating condition.

Cyclohexane represents a typical cyclic alkane-based VOCs, making systematic investigation into its complete oxidation highly significant. This work reports a 0.15Cu-0.2FeOx/Nif monolithic catalyst fabricated via aerosol pyrolysis from their nitrate precursors, which demonstrated high activity and stability for cyclohexane oxidation, as determined by screening metal oxides of Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Al and Ce deposited on oxidized nickel foam (Nif). The comprehensive investigation was undertaken to assess the impact of catalytic constituent composition, elemental ratios, and performance-influencing parameters, culminating in optimal catalyst selection and kinetic parameter determination. The as-prepared 0.15Cu-0.2FeOx/Nif catalyst achieved a T90 of only 180 degrees C substantially lower than those of 0.2FeOx/Nif (210 degrees C) and 0.2CuOx/Nif (223 degrees C), while exhibiting excellent water and CO2 resistance and regenerability. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations confirmed that its remarkable catalytic efficiency primarily stems from the cooperative effect of doped Fe and Cu oxides. Such binary doping provoked crystalline lattice distortion and interfacial proliferation, cooperatively yielding enriched oxygen vacancies, augmented reactive oxygen intermediates, and amplified redox potential. This synergistic effect concurrently promoted cyclohexane adsorption and surface oxidation processes. The oxidation mechanism and role of oxygen species were preliminarily elucidated through GC-MS and operando DRIFTS analyses. This study addressed current research gaps in the systematic investigation of cyclohexane complete oxidation and provided a foundation for the design and application of low-temperature, high-efficiency catalysts for cyclitic alkane VOCs abatement.

Platelet-related cancer biology is often studied through circulating markers, yet tissue-centered thrombopoietic programs in lung cancer remain poorly defined and are vulnerable to blood-contamination artifacts. We developed a contamination-adjusted megakaryopoiesis-platelet tumor axis (MPTA) framework to test whether thrombopoietic activity in lung cancer is embedded in a stromal-myeloid niche with clinical relevance. We used paired bulk RNA sequencing from a local cohort of 99 tumor-adjacent pairs as the discovery engine. After paired differential expression and explicit adjustment for blood-contamination structure, a locked tissue-centered MPTA score was evaluated using public single-cell, bulk, spatial, and platelet-transcript reference layers together with de-identified local clinicopathologic and survival data. Paired analysis identified a tumor-enriched contamination-adjusted MPTA, which remained significantly higher in tumors than in adjacent tissues after correction (0.34 vs −0.26; p = 1.4 × 10^-5). Direct public single-cell scoring together with bulk back-projection and supportive spatial analyses localized the composite signal primarily to a CAF–myeloid niche, while tumor epithelial cells contributed more selectively to the tumor-thrombopoietic component rather than dominating the composite signal. The strongest translational signal was observed locally, where tumor_MPTA was retained as the primary prognostic readout and predicted worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.43, 95

Currently, manganese-based catalysts suffer from insufficient low-temperature activity and a tendency to chlorine poisoning-induced deactivation during the catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene. This study successfully developed Nb-Ca/MnO2 catalysts, with the Nb(2)-Ca(2)/MnO2 catalyst exhibiting superior performance: A T90 of 340°C for CB conversion at 15,000 mL·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, over 85% conversion retention during a 30-hour test, and a significant reduction in polychlorinated by-products. Catalyst characterization results indicated that Nb existed in the form of Nb2O5. A small amount of Nb substantially increased the Mn3⁺/Mn4⁺ ratio and markedly raised the proportion of surface adsorbed oxygen. Furthermore, Nb loading enhanced the low-temperature redox capability of the catalyst. The introduction of Nb significantly altered the distribution of acidic sites, promoted the desorption of chlorine species, and effectively suppressed the formation of polychlorinated by-products. In situ DRIFTS results revealed the generation of abundant bidentate carbonates and maleates during the reaction, along with a significant reduction in chlorine species on the spent catalyst. The Nb-Ca/MnO2 catalyst exhibited advantages in both catalytic activity and resistance to chlorine poisoning.

The pervasive deactivation of transition-metal oxide catalysts by water vapor represents a fundamental obstacle to their practical application in oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) abatement. A distinct strategy is reported herein that turns this inhibitor into a promoter via controlled NaOH etching-induced surface modification of CeMnOx catalysts. The optimized 0.6-AE/CeMnOx catalyst exhibits exceptional activity for acetone oxidation, achieving 90% conversion at 146 °C under dry conditions. Remarkably, the presence of 3 vol% water vapor further boosts the performance, lowering the T90 to 141 °C—a phenomenon rarely observed for oxide catalysts. Through a combination of multi-technique characterizations and density functional theory calculations, the mechanistic origin of this water-promotion effect is unraveled. Alkali etching creates a unique, Na-associated surface environment characterized by weakened metal–oxygen bonds and enriched, finely tuned oxygen vacancies. This engineered surface not only strengthens the adsorption of both acetone and O2 by providing optimized electronic environments, but also enables a water-mediated catalytic cycle. In this cycle, H2O can be dissociated into reactive hydroxyl species, which substantially reduce the O2 dissociation barrier and accelerate the decomposition of rate-limiting acetate intermediates. This work provides an alternative design methodology for moisture-resistant oxidation catalysts through precise metal–oxygen bond engineering, offering a promising route toward efficient OVOCs abatement in humid industrial environments.

Catalytic oxidation of methane (CH4) is a promising approach for greenhouse gas abatement. However, a key challenge lies in developing non-noble-metal catalysts that combine high low-temperature activity with strong water resistance. Herein, Cu-Mn modified cobalt oxide catalysts were prepared using an aerosol-assisted pyrolysis, with their compositions optimized by varying the Cu/Mn/Co ratios. The best-performing catalyst, Cu0.02Mn0.39Co2.59O4 (CuMnCo), showed remarkable CH4 oxidation performance, attaining 90% conversion at 350 degrees C and exhibiting an activation energy as low as 18.9 kJ & sdot;mol- 1. Its turnover frequency exceeded that of many reported Pd-based noble-metal catalysts. Furthermore, the catalyst displayed excellent stability and moisture tolerance under prolonged reaction conditions. Catalyst characterization indicated that Cu-Mn coincorporation synergistically enhanced Co3+ and Mn3+ population, raised surface-adsorbed oxygen, improved low-temperature reducibility, and resulted in a considerable amount (51.23%) of type-III water, which contributes to water durability. DRIFTS-MS studies provided the reaction dynamics: terminal oxygen favored CH4 activation at temperatures as low as 50 degrees C, while bridging oxygen became increasingly involved above 90 degrees C. Monodentate carbonate and bicarbonate, identified as a critical intermediates, underwent rapid production on the CuMnCo surface, promoting faster reaction kinetics. Additionally, Cu sites were found to preferentially adsorb water, and the structural distortion introduced by Cu incorporating enhanced the overall water resistance of the catalyst. These findings highlight that the cooperative electronic, structural, and functional interplay among Cu, Mn, and Co leads to a synergistic "more-than-additive" catalytic enhancement, offering a viable design principle for developing high-performance CH4 oxidation catalysts operable in moisture-containing industrial exhaust streams.

Background: For patients with acute leukaemia receiving chemotherapy, hospital noise may affect sleep and hinder recovery. Understanding these effects and exploring mitigation strategies are crucial for enhancing patient rehabilitation. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the effects of hospital environmental noise on sleep quality and rehabilitation outcomes amongst patients with acute leukaemia undergoing chemotherapy, providing evidence for improvement in the ward environment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 102 patients with acute leukaemia treated between January 2023 and March 2025. On the basis of the noise level of the environment, patients were divided into a high-noise group (n = 52) and a low-noise group (n = 50), receiving equivalent treatment. Primary outcomes were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) and bone marrow puncture results. Secondary indicators included perceived noise sources, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and haematologic parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 25.0). Independent sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables, and chi-square test or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The 24-hour average noise levels of the high- and low-noise groups were 59.9 and 50.5 dBA, respectively. The high-noise group showed significantly higher PSQI, DERS and ISI scores and lower LSEQ scores (P < 0.05). Four weeks after treatment, the high-noise group had higher blast + promyelocyte proportions, longer time to reach <5%, slower white blood cell/neutrophil/platelet count recovery and less C-reactive protein reduction (P < 0.05). The main noise sources were caregivers/visitors and snoring. Conclusion: Hospital environmental noise significantly impairs sleep quality and delays bone marrow recovery in patients with acute leukaemia receiving chemotherapy, negatively affecting physiological rehabilitation and treatment efficacy.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils restricts plant growth. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) modulate Al responses, but their mechanisms in poplar remain unknown. Here, we characterized PcXTH22-mediated Al tolerance in Populus cathayana. The PcXTH22OE lines showed negligible injury, whereas the pcxth22 mutants suffered severe damage, confirming the role of PcXTH22 as a positive Al regulator. The pcxth22 lines showed increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XET/XTH) activities and xyloglucan content under Al toxicity. This offered more Al³ ⁺ binding sites and resulted in higher Al accumulation. In contrast, PcXTH22OE lines maintained homeostasis and accumulated less Al. Transcriptomics revealed PcXTH22OE lines upregulated pectin and glucan catabolism genes and downregulated heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPPs) genes, reducing Al binding and transport. PcXTH22OE lines also showed higher expression of carbohydrate metabolism and brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis/signaling genes, while mutants showed opposite trends. Furthermore, we identified PcDOF8 and PcNAC6, triggered by acidic conditions and Al³ ⁺, to transcriptionally activate PcXTH22. Collectively, PcXTH22, induced by PcDOF8 and PcNAC6, limits Al accumulation and enhances Al tolerance by modulating the cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism, and BR responses. Our findings offer insights into breeding plants tolerant to acidic soils and Al toxicity.