背景:目前已有研究在揭示外泌体与铁死亡的关系,但研究仍有限,因此进一步探析二者的关系,有助于为疾病的临床治疗寻求新的治疗策略和可靠依据.目的:阐明了外泌体的生物学特性、铁死亡的发生机制,以及外泌体调控铁死亡的主要途径,综述了外泌体诱导或抑制铁死亡在肿瘤、心血管系统、神经系统疾病及肝脏疾病等领域诊断治疗中的应用进展.方法:运用计算机检索PubMed及中国知网数据库,以"Exosomes,Ferroptosis,Disease"为英文检索词,以"外泌体、铁死亡、疾病"为中文检索词,最终纳入与综述目的相关的66篇文献进行综述.结果 与结论:①外泌体通过参与铁代谢、脂质代谢及氨基酸代谢等途径,起到调节细胞铁死亡的作用.②外泌体通过诱导或抑制细胞铁死亡在各种疾病的治疗中发挥了重要作用,具体体现在:外泌体诱导了癌细胞铁死亡,抑制了肿瘤的生长及转移,提高了肿瘤靶向治疗的效果;外泌体通过抑制铁死亡在心血管疾病方面,促进了心肌缺血组织再灌注的再生修复,降低了心脏毒性;在神经系统疾病中,发挥了抑制脑出血、减轻脓毒症的作用;在肝脏疾病中,发挥了改善肝脏缺血再灌注的作用.③外泌体调控铁死亡在各种疾病中发挥作用的具体机制尚未完全探明,一些相关研究尚处于初步阶段,但外泌体调控铁死亡在未来有望成为各种疾病临床治疗的新潜在靶点之一.

胃黏膜肠上皮化生(GIM)是一种癌前病变,增加了后续胃癌(GC)发展的风险.因此,GIM一直是基础和临床研究的重点.尾型同源盒转录因子2(CDX2)是调节肠上皮细胞表型的肠特异性转录因子,主要存在于小肠和结肠,在正常胃黏膜中很少表达.幽门螺杆菌感染已被公认为GIM的主要致病因素,其通过核因子-kappaB信号通路及其下游的促炎因子、转化生长因子-β信号通路以及Sonic Hedgehog基因(Shh)来增加CDX2的表达,从而引起GIM.然而,越来越多的研究表明,胆汁反流引起的胃黏膜慢性炎症同样也是GIM的关键致病因素.胆汁反流通过其微小RNA、外泌体、表观遗传学及胆汁酸受体激活GIM生物标志物的表达导致GIM的发生和发展.目前,两大因素之外诱导CDX2的相关研究仍然很少.现对目前该领域的相关进展进行综述,为进一步研究提供参考.

Ulcerative colitis（UC） is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）. The etiology of UC is unknown. It is an intestinal disease characterized by superficial and non-specific inflammatory lesions of rectum and colon, mainly involving rectum and sigmoid colon. In recent years, through the joint unremitting efforts of various doctors, traditional Chinese medicine has made positive progress in treating UC. Now, we will review the research literature of related progress, analyze and summarize from the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine in treating UC, clinical research and other aspects, hoping to provide a reference for the treatment of UC with traditional Chinese medicine in the future.

Objective:To investigate the influence of Lycium bararum polysaccharide(LBP) and LBP with interferon-inducible protein 10(CXCL10) on the differentiation of helper T cells in bearing mice.Method: H22 bearing mice model was established and randomized into six groups: the model group,high-and low dose group,LBP with CXCL10 group,CTX group,control group.Serum was separated from eye ball after two weeks of treatment.tumors,spleen,thymus were separated and calculated anti-tumor rate,thymus index and spleen index.Flow cytometry was used to detect the differentiation of Th1/Th2 in mice peripheral blood.Result: Compared with model group,tumor inhibitory rate in low-and high dose group,LBP with CXCL10 group was 37.83%,12.50%,14.14%;the rate of Th1/Th2 was 4.44±3.05,2.48±2.93,4.36±1.96,among them LBP low dose group and LBP with CXCL10 group was obvious(P0.05).Conclusion:Low dose of LBP and LBP with CXCL10 can increase the rate of Th1/Th2 markedly in bearing mice.