This study investigated the role of grain orientation in the internal corrosion and hot salt stress corrosion cracking (HSSCC) behaviors of Ti60 under a humid NaCl-rich environment at 600 degrees C. By combining SEM morphology with grain orientation results, it is demonstrated that grain orientation controls the pathways of NaCl-induced internal corrosion and HSSCC. The internal oxides grow parallel to the (0001) basal planes within the alpha grains, proving high corrosion susceptibility along these planes. This crystal structure-dependent corrosion susceptibility further controls HSSCC behavior. Cracks propagate transgranularly along directions parallel to the basal planes, and the propagation mode between grains is governed by the difference in basal plane orientation.

Dynamic loading accelerates interfacial damage and electrolyte ingress in composite coatings for metal protection, leading to deterioration of their long-term barrier performance under extreme service conditions. Here, a molecularly engineered sliding-ring interphase is introduced into a basalt/epoxy composite coating through a polyrotaxane-modified system (EP-PEB) to simultaneously improve mechanical robustness and corrosion resistance via interfacial buffering. Specifically, polyrotaxane chains are covalently grafted onto etched basalt, which markedly improves filler dispersion in epoxy and enables the formation of a continuous polymeric interphase in the cured coating. Unlike conventional rigid interphases that rely mainly on static interfacial bonding, the sliding-ring interphase features mechanically interlocked but mobile junctions, allowing stress redistribution and stepwise energy dissipation while preserving interfacial integrity. The experimental results demonstrate the improved mechanical performance of EP-PEB with other basalt-epoxy composites reported in the literature. EPPEB exhibits a 24% increase in tensile strength and a 48% increase in fracture toughness, compared with the etched basalt-epoxy system (EP-EB). Dynamic mechanical analysis further reveals a load-bearing yet more energy-dissipative network, consistent with a sliding-ring-mediated molecular buffering mechanism. Under simulated deep-sea conditions (6 MPa + 3 m/s), EP-PEB delivers markedly improved barrier performance, maintaining a low-frequency impedance about one order of magnitude higher than that of the control after 240 h, along with better-retained coating resistance and interfacial stability. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm that the strengthened interfacial interactions and thickened interphase promote more efficient stress transfer and delayed damage evolution. This work provides a practical molecular-engineering strategy for developing durable, high-performance corrosion-protective composite coatings for harsh marine environments.

In this investigation, anodic oxide films were fabricated on the surface of 70/30 Cu-Ni alloy through anodic oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte containing 0.1 mol/L NaOH, and the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an additive on the properties of the anodic oxide films have been investigated. The corrosion and erosion resistance of the prepared films were systematically evaluated through morphological observation, compositional analysis, and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrate that complete anodic oxide films can be successfully formed in both electrolyte systems, with the main components identified as Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2, and NiO. After erosion in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at a flow velocity of 2.7 m/s, the anodic oxide film retained a uniform micron-scale thickness, and its main components evolved to include Cu2O, NiO, along with trace amounts of Cu2(OH)3Cl. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the anodic oxide films maintain good corrosion and erosion resistance compared to substrate. Moreover, the test results indicate that the incorporation of the additive PEG can effectively enhance the thickness and electrochemical performance of the anodic oxide film, thereby improving its resistance to corrosion and erosion. A dissolution-deposition model is proposed to elucidate the growth mechanism of the anodic oxide film, with particular emphasis on the role of PEG in modulating the ion concentration at the metal/solution interface to ensure the formation of protective Cu2O while delaying the generation of non-protective CuO and NiO. Additionally, further changes in the composition of the anodic oxide film during the erosion process were also discussed.

To address the limitations of traditional organic coatings low thermal conductivity and inadequate thermal management effect, this study developed novel thermally conductive phase change anticorrosion coatings (PS-x/ EP) based on paraffin@silica (Pn@SiO2) microcapsules. The Pn@SiO2 microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization with the optimal preparation parameters identified, high encapsulation efficiency (E = 85.53 %), phase change enthalpy (Delta Hm = 154.93 J/g) and high thermal conductivity (0.355 W/ (m.K)) were obtained. The thermal conductivity of the composite coatings was increased by up to 54.9 % compared to the epoxy coating (EP) through local thermal conduction pathways formed by the Pn@SiO2 microcapsules. Moreover, the phase transition of paraffin (Pn) effectively buffered temperature fluctuation and reduced temperature of the coatings. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray test results demonstrated that the composite coatings containing within 20 % filler-maintained superior anti-corrosion performance, with |Z|0.01 Hz of the PS-1/EP (5 %) coating maintained 2.15 x 109 Omega center dot cm2 after 30-days immersion in 3.5 % NaCl solution. This work provides a new strategy for the development of thermally conductive anti-corrosion coatings that with efficient thermal management and anticorrosion properties, offering potential for applications requiring dualfunctional regulation.

With the rapid advancement of electromagnetic technologies, the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials is crucial for mitigating radiation, reducing interference, and ensuring information security. In this work, a bioinspired multiscale strategy coupling macroscopic structural design with hierarchical interface engineering was proposed. A gyroid minimal surface was fabricated via high-precision Digital Light Processing (DLP) three-dimensional printing using graphene oxide incorporated photocurable resin to establish a conductive network and customized EMW propagation pathways. Subsequent in-situ growth of NiCo2O4 and polypyrrole (PPy) introduced abundant heterogeneous interfaces and porous microstructures, which synergistically enhanced dielectric loss, magnetic loss, and interfacial polarization while optimizing impedance matching. Benefiting from these multi-level mechanisms, the composite exhibited outstanding broadband absorption performance at relatively small thicknesses. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared PNGMM2 composite achieved a minimum reflection loss of -57.32 dB at 12.7 GHz with a thickness of 2.67 mm; an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.4 GHz was obtained at 2.42 mm, fully covering the Ku band; and complete coverage of the X band was realized at a thickness of 3.39 mm. This study demonstrates the effective integration of biomimetic architecture, interfacial engineering, and compositional design, offering a feasible pathway toward next-generation lightweight, broadband, and structurally robust EMW absorbers.

In addressing the complexities of corrosion prediction within marine environments, this study introduces a hybrid model informed by corrosion priors. The model synergizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformer architectures. By integrating a Corrosion-Prior-Informed loss term during the training phase, it adeptly captures temporal dependencies from historical data while conforming to established mechanistic constraints. Experimental findings indicate that the proposed model markedly surpasses purely data-driven benchmarks in both single-step and multi-step prediction, with respect to accuracy and stability. This substantiates the efficacy of strategies informed by prior knowledge and presents a promising alternative methodology for predicting corrosion in marine atmospheres.

The passive films formed on distinct regions (heat-affected zone (HAZ), base metal (BM), and weld metal (WM)) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy welded joints were comparatively investigated under hydrostatic pressures of 0.1 and 15 MPa in a simulated deep-sea environment. Results demonstrate that elevated hydrostatic pressure significantly degrades the corrosion resistance of passive films, with region-dependent susceptibility following the order: HAZ > BM > WM. This phenomenon is attributed to the synergistic interaction between hydrostatic pressure and residual stress. Among them, the residual tensile stress in HAZ enhances the effect of hydrostatic pressure, which greatly increases the density of defects in the passive film. Conversely, the compressive residual stress in WM exerts a protective effect, mitigating the detrimental influence of hydrostatic pressure on passive film integrity. The reduction of V content in beta phase in the WM region improves the stability of the passive film. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Polymers used in protective coatings often suffer stress-induced degradation under dynamic loading, especially in deep-sea environments dominated by high hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear. Here, we report a stress-transforming polymer that actively converts mechanical energy into network adaptation rather than passively withstanding it. This material combines a robust epoxy backbone with a dynamic network of side-chain-anchored diselenide mechanophores and a complementary hydrogen-bonding network. The diselenide motifs, grafted via hexamethylene diisocyanate, act as force-activated sacrificial linkages that undergo homolytic scission and radical exchange under stress, enabling topological remodeling of the network. Spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, 1H NMR, XPS) confirmed the successful synthesis. Upon mechanical activation (3 MPa pre-compression, 5 min), the polymer exhibits remarkable autonomous self-strengthening, with tensile strength and toughness increased by approximately 308% and 194%, respectively. Cyclic tensile and DMA analyses revealed stress-induced reinforcement and pronounced energy dissipation. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy directly detected selenium-centered radicals post-compression, while in situ FT-IR captured reversible bonding events, providing combined evidence for the force-triggered Se-Se recombination and sacrificial hydrogen bonding. In simulated deep-sea conditions (6 MPa + 3 m/s, 3.5 wt% NaCl), the optimal coating formulation (STP5-EP) demonstrated superior anti-corrosion performance, maintaining exceptional barrier integrity with high charge-transfer resistance (2.3 x 1010 Omega & sdot;cm2) and a crack-free morphology after 240 h. This work establishes a viable molecular engineering paradigm for developing coatings that actively resist mechanical degradation through intrinsic stress transformation, offering a pathway to enhanced durability in extreme environments.

Slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) has garnered significant attention in marine anticorrosion and antifouling applications due to their slippery attributes. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to fulfill the protection requirements by relying exclusively on the barrier and anti-adhesion mechanisms of surface lubricating layer. In this work, a dual-functional slippery organogel coating was meticulously synthesized by introducing Ag (I)-imine coordination bonds into organosilicon networks, thereby endowing the coating with self-healing and antibacterial properties. A surface scratch with a width of 50 mu m can be effectively repaired within 6 h at 60 degrees C, and the repair efficiency exceeds 85 %. In addition, the coating exhibits a dual antibacterial mechanism, which functions through both sterilization via the release of Ag+ and antiadhesion due to its slippery properties. Following a 7-day cocultivation period with PAO1 bacteria, the coating retained 100 % bactericidal activity and 99.8 % resistance to bacterial adhesion. Moreover, the antialgal efficacy of the AP-TA0.2-Ag1@Oil coating against Chlorella and P. tricornutum increased by 99.9 % and 99.7 %, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of Ag(I)imine coordination bonds and silicone oil effectively preserves the corrosion resistance of the coating. The EIS results demonstrated that the |Z|0.01 Hz value of the slippery organogel coating was maintained at 1.07 x 107 Omega.cm2 after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 14 days, suggesting excellent anticorrosion performance of the coating. This study provides a novel perspective for the development of marine protective coatings that possess antifouling, self-healing, and anticorrosive properties.

The anti-corrosion and electromagnetic wave-absorbing (EWA) performance evolution of series carbonyl iron (CIP) microwave absorbing coatings with different mass fractions have been investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results reveal that NaCl solution penetrates in the coatings, subsequently triggering CIP surface corrosion and epoxy resin hydrolysis, both of which reduced the coating's anti-corrosion properties and influenced the wave absorption abilities. The NaCl solution and corrosion products synergistically promote the conductivity and interfacial polarization of the coatings, thus affecting the attenuation ability and impedance matching of the coatings to electromagnetic wave. The effects of various defects introduced by adding CIP fillers or coatings have been discussed according to the analysis of anti-corrosion and wave absorption properties on serious CIP filler coatings.

Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V offers rapid production but the formation of coarse prior-β columnar grains is detrimental to mechanical properties. This study explores an in-situ strategy using a dual-laser scanning sequence: a low- power (10 W) pre-scan followed by a high-power (190 W) main scan (Re10W). Compared to the single 190 W scan, the Re10W strategy improves the ultimate tensile strength by 6%, and elongation by38%. Relative to the same power remelted condition (Re190W), the Re10W samples also exhibit 25% higher elongation while maintaining better strength, confirming that the property enhancement originates from the duplex thermal sequence rather than mere remelting. Microstructural characterization reveals that the low-power pre-scan refines both the prior β grain size (from 150 μm to 100 μm) and the α' martensite lath width (from 0.39 μm to 0.33 μm). This synergy is attributed to the pre-scan refining the prior β grains and enabling dislocation rearrangement into substructures, as evidenced by refined microstructures, reduced KAM values and increased substructured fraction. These modifications effectively relieve stress while maintaining strength, showcasing an efficient method for producing high-performance Ti6Al4V components without extra post-processing.

The Ti₂AlC MAX phase coating is expected to become one of the potential protective coatings for aircraft compressor blades because of its excellent resistance to thermal corrosion. Considering the stresses imparted to blades by structural design, it is urgent to elucidate the mechanism by which stress influences the interfacial corrosion behaviour of Ti₂AlC coatings. In this paper, a four-point bending beam stress loading method was employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of TiAl/Ti2AlC coatings with solid salt deposition under 600 °C + water vapor environments. Results show that stress caused an increase in the thickness of the corrosion product film and the number of cracks within the TiAl/Ti₂AlC coatings, following linear and parabolic laws, respectively. The applied stress promotes the internal diffusion of Cl and O along the crack path towards the Ti₂AlC side of the TiAl-Ti₂AlC interface within the coating. The synergistic effect of Cl cycling and the activation-oxidation mechanism accelerates the depletion and outward migration of Al, leading to cracking initiation in Al-depleted zones, fracture at the TiAl-Ti₂AlC interface, and coating failure.

Superhydrophobic surfaces integrating both photothermal and electrothermal effects are regarded as one of the most promising approaches for all-weather anti-/de-icing. However, their practical application is still hindered by two major challenges: the instability of the air layer and excessive energy consumption. Inspired by the densely curved/coiled morphology of Antarctic lichens, a multilayer semi-enclosed air cavity structure was constructed. This structure forms a stable air-based thermal insulation layer, which reduces ice adhesion and markedly prolongs the icing delay time. At -20 degrees C, the icing delay time reaches 3578 +/- 120.10 s. In addition, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) effectively enhance the photothermal conversion performance, while the incorporation of ZIF-MXene facilitates charge transport and broadens light absorption. At -20 degrees C and 60% Relative Humidity (RH), the surface temperature rapidly increased to 29.2 +/- 1.40 degrees C under 1 sun irradiation (photothermal), to 117.4 +/- 3.67 degrees C under an applied voltage of 8 V (electrothermal), and to 139 +/- 3.80 degrees C (photothermal + electrothermal). These results demonstrate that this biomimetic composite coating possesses both highly efficient photothermal and electrothermal de-icing capabilities in low-temperature environments. This work offers a novel approach for designing highly efficient, multifunctional anti-/de-icing surfaces.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to address the high susceptibility of magnetic metal powder absorbers to corrosion and failure in marine environments by developing a strategy for depositing phosphate coatings on their surfaces via controlled dissolution reactions and ion diffusion, thereby enhancing the absorbers' durability.Design/methodology/approach By controlling temperature and stirring speed to adjust interfacial reaction kinetics and mass-transfer conditions, a dense phosphate coating with a certain thickness was deposited on the iron powder surface.Findings Results show that the iron@phosphate composite synthesized at 60 degrees C-800 rpm for 30 min achieves both excellent corrosion resistance and electromagnetic absorption performance. The dense phosphate coating served as an effective barrier against the penetration of NaCl solution, decreasing the corrosion current density (Icorr) from 30.27 & micro;A/cm2 before the phosphate coating to 0.04 & micro;A/cm2 after coating, significantly enhancing corrosion resistance. Meanwhile, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was -49.8 dB, with an effective bandwidth (EAB) of 6.1 GHz.Originality/value This strategy simultaneously enhances corrosion resistance while maintaining strong interfacial polarization loss and impedance matching, thereby realizing excellent electromagnetic absorption performance.

This study examines the failure of TA11, TC4, and Ti60 titanium alloys under mechanical loading in a moist environment rich in NaCl at 600 degrees C. It focuses on how creep deformation interacts with hot salt stress corrosion cracking (HSSCC). In alloys with poor creep resistance, creep deformation reduces the stress concentration at the tips of corrosion-induced cracks. On the other hand, rapid corrosion accelerates the process of HSSCC. Crosssection morphology was statistically analyzed to explore the relationships among crack initiation, crack propagation, and corrosion behavior in a NaCl-deposited environment. The factors influencing corrosion were investigated by comparing microstructural features and alloying chemistry among the three alloys.

Current slippery organogel coatings depend on a single lubricating-layer protection mechanism, which is inadequate to satisfy protection requirements in harsh marine environments. However, adding various functional substances for multifunctionality may trigger complex interfacial and compatibility problems. To address this, an innovative molecular design strategy termed “dual modification of a single functional group” was proposed, which uses amine-modified polydimethylsiloxane (AP-PDMS) as precursor to fabricate a multifunctional coating with integrated self-healing and antibacterial properties. The resulting coating efficiently repairs a 50 μm wide surface scratch within 5 h at 60 °C, achieving a repair efficiency surpassing 88%. Furthermore, after a 7-day bacterial cocultivation, the coating maintained 95.3% bactericidal efficacy and 95.7% antiadhesion ability. This is attributed to a dual-mode antibacterial mechanism: bactericidal activity mediated by cationic quaternary ammonium groups and antiadhesive properties conferred by its slippery surface characteristics. The EIS results demonstrated that |Z|0.01 Hz value of the coating was maintained at the same order of magnitude as the initial value after immersion for 14 days. The metal substrate exhibited no significant corrosion, suggesting the excellent anticorrosion performance of the coating. This strategy circumvents compatibility issues associated with blending multiple monomers and offers new pathway for designing multifunctional coatings in marine protection.

Metallic glasses (MGs) have emerged as promising catalysts for environmental remediation and electrocatalysis owing to their intrinsic disordered structure and metastable nature that favor abundant active sites. However, achieving precise tuning of their nanoscale structural configurations to optimize photocatalytic performance remains a key challenge. Herein, by tuning the sputtering-induced structural heterogeneity, we construct a loosely packed and heterogeneous atomic arrangement with enlarged, isotropic, and well-dispersed liquid-like regions (LLRs) for the magnetron-sputtered Cu50Zr50 MG catalyst. This unique nanoscale structure not only promotes the exposure of surface metallic Cu active sites but also optimizes the interfacial electron transfer. Consequently, the engineered Cu50Zr50 MG catalyst exhibits accelerated ultraviolet-visible photocatalytic degradation of azo dye with the essential dye degradation ability (k(SA)) reaching similar to 8.19 L m(-2) min(-1) and simultaneously improved oxygen/hydrogen evolution reaction activity compared to the counterpart. This work first utilizes amplitude-modulation dynamic atomic force microscopy to reveal the direct structure-interface-activity relationship in MG catalysts and establishes nanoscale heterogeneity engineering as a simple yet effective approach to design high-performance MG-based catalysts for environmental remediation.

The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of AZ series magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ61, AZ91, AZ62, and AZ63) were investigated via materials characterization, immersion, and electrochemical tests. Both Al and Zn can promote the corrosion of magnesium alloys via promoting the segregations of β-Mg17Al12 and eutectic α phases, respectively. AZ63 magnesium alloy performs the highest corrosion rate due to the high amount of eutectic α phases, which facilitates the desorption of corrosion products. The area ratio of products free region on the electrode surface and activity of univalent Mg ion (CMg+) as two state variables, which would give rise to capacitive and inductive responses in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy responses, were interpreted by the kinetics of electrode process, respectively.

A multi-scale approach integrating electrochemical testing, microscopic morphology characterization, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to systematically investigate the failure mechanism of glass flake epoxy resin coatings under synergistic effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP) and cathodic protection (CP). Experimental results demonstrate that the synergistic action of HP and cathodic polarization significantly accelerates coating failure. MD simulations revealed that the combined effects of electric field (simulating CP) and HP disrupt the hydrogen bond network within the epoxy resin, inducing structural alterations and forming water permeation channels within the coating. Under HP, correlations exist between the cathodic failure potential, water absorption rate, and coating adhesion. Based on this, epoxy resin coatings meeting high HP-CP service requirements were prepared. The feasibility of designing and preparing organic coatings for deep-sea applications using the intrinsic coating properties-failure potential mapping was confirmed through actual marine exposure panels tests.

Efficient exploration of vast compositional and processing spaces remains a major challenge in accelerated materials discovery. Bayesian optimization (BO) provides a principled approach to identify optimal materials with minimal experimentation, but its adoption has been limited by implementation complexity and a lack of domain-specific tools. Here, we present Bgolearn, a versatile Python framework that brings BO to materials research through intuitive interfaces, robust algorithms, and materials-focused workflows. Bgolearn supports single- and multi-objective optimization, multiple acquisition strategies, diverse surrogate models, and uncertainty quantification, enabling effective navigation of complex design spaces. Benchmark studies show that Bgolearn reduces experimental effort by 40–60% compared with random search, grid search, and genetic algorithms, while achieving comparable or superior solution quality. Its effectiveness is demonstrated across case studies, including the discovery of maximum-elastic-modulus triply periodic minimal surface structures, ultra-high-hardness high-entropy alloys, and high-strength, high-ductility medium-Mn steels, and is further supported by numerous publications. With a modular architecture that integrates seamlessly into existing materials workflows and a graphical interface (BgoFace) that removes programming barriers, Bgolearn establishes a practical, reliable platform for Bayesian optimization in materials science. The software is openly available at https://github.com/Bin-Cao/Bgolearn.