The mono-module disk laser is an effective concept for diode-pumped solid-state lasers, which allows the realization of lasers with super-high output power/energy, having a very good efficiency and also excellent beam quality. Since the first demonstration by academia. N.G.. Basov, with colleagues of the disk laser, in 1964, increased the output power of the disk to the level of a few kW in continuous wave mode of operation. Well-developed” Zig-Zag” disk laser technology does not look promising for further output parameters. The scaling laws suggested in 2013 mono-module disk laser design show that the limits for continuous wave mode of operation are far beyond 100 kW for output power, and the output energy can be higher than 100 J in high repetition rate pulse-periodic mode of operation (> 30kHz). Due to the efficient cooling technology, an effective solution of amplified spontaneous emission suppression and artificial intelligence involvement, the operation of the large-sized mono-module disk laser is possible in CW and pulse-periodic modes at extremely high output power/energy. A new set of applications is coming.

The rapid development of solid-state (S-S) laser weapon (LW) systems in the United States, particularly fiber and slab technologies, signals a transformative shift in modern military capabilities. Lockheed Martin's advancements in spectral beam stacking have enabled lightweight fiber-based laser systems exceeding 300 kW, while General Atomics and Boeing’s work on distributed slab gain lasers addresses key thermal management challenges. This article analyzes these leading approaches, evaluates their scalability, and discusses the growing strategic significance of mono-module disk lasers, based on historical insights from foundational Soviet laser physics [1-3]. The potential for achieving megawatt-class compact and light systems remains a critical frontier in LW development.

Development and creation of powerful technological lasers re- quires complex solution of problems of optics, quantum elec- tronics and thermal physics. The achieving of stable in time energetic parameters of technological lasers with cooled ele- ments of power (EPO) and adaptive (EAO) optics can be achieved only by a correct choice of their cooling modes, eliminating or compensating negative effects of heating EPO by laser radia- tion because of principal difference of reflectance of the mir- ror surface from I. The convective regime of EPO or EA0 coo- ling is mainly used in laser technique and carried out by pum- ping the coolant through a penetrable disperse compact heat ex- changer, on the work surface of which a thermally thin layer, separating radiation and the coolant liquid in heat changer, is made /1,2/. The intensity of heat transter and therefore, the degree of thermostatting of the reflecting surface of EPO are determined by a large number of design and technological factors not always reproducible in the EPO manufacturing. Ne- vertheless, for EPO, made on the basis of powder porous struc- tures, the level of removing heat fluxes reach 2 . 10' wt/cm2 under the thermal deformation of the mirror surface less than 1pm, the effective heat transfer factor for a heating mirror surface equal to r%, 105 wt/m2 . °C in this case /2/.

The following review is focused on two fundamental problems investigated by our teamThe formation of a scalable self-sustained volume discharge in strongly electronegative gases and the creation of wide-aperture high-energy non-chain HF (DF) chemical lasers; The generation spectrum of a non-chain HF (DF) chemical lasers expanding and creating lasers with high energy per pulse, pulsed and average power in the spectral range>4.1 μm.

The process of the development of lightning in the thunderstorm clouds is most studied, in this case the lightning can pass to clouds themselves - intra-cloud lightning, and they can strike into the earth - ground-based lightning. For the appearance of lightning it is necessary that in the relatively small, but not less than the certain critical, the volume of cloud was formed the electric field with the tension, sufficient for the beginning of the electrical discharge ~ of 1 MV/m, and in the substantial part of the cloud there would be a field with the average tension, sufficient for maintaining the discharge ~ of 0,1- 0,2 MV/m. Successful developments of high repetition rate P-P powerful lasers technology and technology of “Impulsar” system make it possible to foresee the possibility of well conducting channels realization with the length up to several ten and hundred of kilometers for the purpose of energy transfer for significant distances, creation of new and promising systems for the mastering of outer space power engineering and motivation for significant contribution to be done on that basis to an essential improvements of the global ecology of our planet.

Based on the results of studies of jet power propulsion systems with a pulsating working process, the thrust in which is significantly increased due to the gas mass attachment, and the analysis of the operation of a laser jet engine (LJE), we consider the possibility of such an effect in an LJE. The thrust characteristics of pulsating jet engines with the gas mass attachment are studied numerically and theoretically. Investigation of the effect of the attached mass of a gas or ablation products of the reflector material in the LJE is promising for optimising the gas-dynamic parameters that ensure the implementation of the maximum thrust efficiency of such an engine.

This book explores new principles of Self-Initiating Volume Discharge for creating high-energy non-chain HF(DF) lasers, as well as the creation of highly efficient lasers with output energy and radiation power in the spectral region of 2.6–5 μm. Today, sources of high-power lasing in this spectral region are in demand in various fields of science and technology including remote sensing of the atmosphere, medicine, biological imaging, precision machining and other special applications. These applications require efficient laser sources with high pulse energy, pulsed and average power, which makes the development of physical fundamentals of high-power laser creation and laser complexes of crucial importance. High-Energy Ecologically Safe HF/DF Lasers: Physics of Self-Initiated Volume Discharge-Based HF/DF Lasers examines the conditions of formation of SSVD, gas composition and the mode of energy input into the gas on the efficiency and radiation energy of non-chain HF(DF) lasers. Key Features: Shares research results on SSVD in mixtures of non-chain HF(DF) lasers Studies the stability and dynamics of the development of SSVD Discusses the effect of the gas composition and geometry of the discharge gap (DG) on its characteristics Proposes recommendations for gas composition and for the method of obtaining SSVD in non-chain HF(DF) lasers Develops simple and reliable wide-aperture non-chain HF(DF) lasers and investigates their characteristics Investigates the possibilities of expanding the lasing spectrum of non-chain HF(DF) lasers

At the beginning of 1973 in the USSR, the study of designing possible LJE systems was conducted. A reflector located in the tail of the rocket prototypeRocket prototype concentrated the obtained radiation in air, creating reactive thrust through the resulting micro-burst. The results from successful tests of different reflectors that also acted as laser light receivers were obtained. One should note that all of these experiments were conducted with the use of electric discharge CO2 lasers with power up to 10 kW. However, to inject technologically effective equipment (global network connections, Internet, photo-monitoring of Earth surface, debris cleaning) into orbit, the necessary radiated power is substantially higher. For example, for KA launching with a weight of 1000 kg, a laser with a power no less than 10–15 MW is necessary.

A technique for obtaining of the repetitively pulsed operating regime in high-power wide-aperture lasers is proposed and experimentally realized. In this regime, the laser emits a train of pulses with duration of 100–150 ns and a pulse repetition rate of several tens of kilohertz. The main properties of the pulsed regime are theoretically analyzed and the proposed technique is tested in detail employing a test-bench gas-dynamic laser. The results of the test confirmed the conclusions of the theoretical analysis. The possibility of a repetitively pulsed regime in high-power wide-aperture lasers realization without significant reduction in the average output power is experimentally demonstrated.

It is shown that the features of the dynamics of the formation of a self-initiated volume discharge in SF6-based gas mixtures can be explained using the ecton model of the cathode spot formation and the effect of limiting the current density due to the processes of dissociation of molecular components of the gas mixture.

It is shown that the features of the development of the self-initiated volume discharge in gas mixtures of a non-chain electrochemical HF laser are caused by self-organizing processes of dissipative structures representing plasma diffusion channels. The formation features of diffusion channels in the gas-discharge plasma of the self-initiated volume discharge are determined.

Papers [1, 2] present two alternative approaches to the analysis of the measurement of the speed of synchrotron radiation (speed of light) on the Siberia-1 electron storage ring, with the results obtained indicating that the speed of light can be either c or 2c.The dependence or independence of the speed of light on the source velocity is of fundamental importance for fundamental physics.The independence of the speed of light lies at the heart of the special theory of relativity and modern electrodynamics.Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics, which are invariant under the Lorentz transformations in any inertial system, show that the speed of light does not vary with the light source velocity.This conclusion affects many sections of physics -rom optics to astrophysics.At one time there was a phlogiston theory (a fire-like element), which explained many thermal phenomena.Nevertheless, the phlogiston theory was overthrown by the kinetic theory of the motion of atoms and molecules that could adequately explain the nature of all thermodynamics.Figure1.Schematic of the experiment: (1-4) rotary corner magnets; (5) resonator; (6) accelerating gap; (7) output channel of synchrotron radiation; (8) stationary orbit; (9) output window; (10) glass plate input/output system (IOS); (11) IOS control unit; (12) radiation detector; (13) oscilloscope; (14) point of emission.

Papers [1,2] present two alternative approaches to the analysis of the measurement of the speed of synchrotron radiation (speed of light) on the Siberia-1 electron storage ring, with the results obtained indicating that the speed of light can be either c or 2c. The dependence or independence of the speed of light on the source velocity is of fundamental importance for fundamental physics. The independence of the speed of light lies at the heart of the special theory of relativity and modern electrodynamics. Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics, which are invariant under the Lorentz transformations in any inertial system, show that the speed of light does not vary with the light source velocity. This conclusion affects many sections of physics--from optics to astrophysics.