Hydrocarbon source rock is one of the key factors controlling oil/gas accumulation in petroliferous system of a sedimentary basin. Focusing on the challenges facing hydrocarbon source rock prediction in basins or lows with relatively low exploration maturity, sparsely distributed drilling wells and insufficient source rock index, we take the underexplored areas in northern Zhu Ⅰ Depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) as an example to systematically analyze the source-to-sink system and predict source rocks from the perspectives of “searching for lake (deep-to-semi-deep lake)”, “recognizing mudstones (deep-to-semi-deep lacustrine mudstones)”, and “identifying hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon source rock prediction and evaluation)”. First, the original basin features and location of the paleo-lacustrine basin are illustrated by restoring multi-stage tectono-palaeogeomorphology to “find the lake”; and the deep-to-semi-deep lake is identified in the underexplored area together with preliminary selection of potential lows with well-developed hydrocarbon source rocks in combination with analyses including “identifying the lacustrine basin boundary by seismic progradational reflection, determining the scope of the deep-to-semi-deep lake by slope break system, illustrating paleo-environment characters by biochemical index, and defining the lacustrine basin scale by tectonic intensity”. The results indicate that five lows formed during the Wenchang depositional period , and five lows formed during the depositional period of the lower Enping Formation have the potential of developing deep-to-semi-deep lacustrine mudstones. Second, the reconstruction of source-to-sink system and the geological analysis of deep-to-semideep lacustrine mudstone development are conducted through analyses of paleo-provenance, paleo-environment and depositional systems, as well as tectono-palaeogeomorphology features; various configuration elements simulation results of the source-to-sink system show that basins characterized by medium sediment supply intensity, fine-grained source materials, high lake level, large accommodation space and under-equal or equal compensation are favorable for the deposition of mud-rich lacustrine facies. Finally, based on data of exploratory wells encountering high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in mature exploration areas, we analyze four types of deep-to-semi-deep seismic facies and their geologic backgrounds corresponding to hydrocarbon source rock intervals, establish the “hydrocarbon source rock facies (seismic facies of hydrocarbon source rocks)” of the mature exploration areas. Coupled with the systematic summary of hydrocarbon-enrichment factors in main hydrocarbon-rich lows of the Zhu Ⅰ Depression, we assess and rank the high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the underexplored areas with multiple factors and from multidimensional points of view. The research results also indicate that the first-order potentially hydrocarbon-rich lows include LF22, HF33, and HZ24 (with the lower and upper Wenchang Formation as source rocks), as well as the LF7 and HF10 (with the lower Wenchang Formation as source rocks); the second-order potentially hydrocarbon-rich ones are HZ5 and HZ11 (with the lower Enping Formation as source rocks), with the hydrocarbon source rock prediction and evaluation results of some lows having been testified in practical exploration.

在传统周口店地质实习的基础上,结合海洋资源与环境专业培养目标,强化海洋地学特色.通过实习内容重构,突出海洋知识传授、海陆地质特征对比和地质思维培养三部分内容,强化学生野外地质实践技能,培养学生大海洋地质观.在实践教学中,充分发挥教师的引导作用,以海洋地学为中心,注重实习与专业课程的交叉,鼓励学生思考与质疑,强化实习的分层次培养.探索传统地学野外实践的海洋地学特色,对我校海洋资源与环境专业教学体系建设和海洋创新人才培养具有重要意义.

在海洋强国及蓝色经济背景下,普及海洋资源知识,培养海洋类人才及学科交叉人才是新时代海洋教育任务.海洋资源概论是为全校本科生开设的通识教育公选课,全面介绍各类海洋资源的特征、分布、开发利用与保护,为学生全面认识海洋资源及今后开发利用海洋资源奠定基础.在近几年的教学实践中暴露的课程内容、知识体系、教师教学模式及学生学习方法等痛点问题,对症下药,通过优化教学内容和合理选择教学方式,增强了课堂吸引力,形成以学生为中心"立体科普、迁移学习、辨析分享、交叉融合、分级培养"的教学创新理念,打造有趣的科普课堂.在教学创新过程中,采用立体式科普教学,辅以多种不同的教学方式,极大地激发学生的课堂主动性.通过教学改革,课程初步培养学生的海洋资源核心素养,并在海洋知识竞赛及科普大赛中取得较好的成绩,有利于北京市一流学科建设及交叉复合创新人才的培养.

郯庐走滑断裂带穿过渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷和莱西构造带,为了探讨走滑构造带内断裂发育特征、成因机制及其对油气控制作用,依据方差切片、三维可视化及精细地震解释技术对走滑构造带进行研究.结果 表明,渤海湾盆地南部走滑构造带内发育“云梯式”和“栅栏式”两种断裂体系,断裂演化主要经历了中生代左旋走滑、古近纪伸展-走滑和新近纪强烈右旋走滑3个阶段.走滑构造带不仅控制了圈闭的形成,而且还影响了中、深层沉积体系的分布和油气的富集层位.结合不同构造部位油气富集特征,建立了走滑构造带内“中转站式”、“网毯式”、“复合式”及“阶梯式”等4类油气成藏模式,近些年指导发现了一系列大中型油气田,为下一步油气勘探指明了方向.

With well-seismic joint sequence and structure interpretation,muttiple geomorphologic units including fault slope break belt,flexure slope break belt,depositional slope break belt,valley and local low uplift are identified in the Paleogene of Huanghekou sag,Bohai sea.Multiple slope break belt associations formed in specific and similar tectonic origin conditions are defined as slope break system.The Paleogene of Huanghekou sag is thus divided into the northern rift slope break system,the southern ramp rift-flexure slope system,Bozhong 33 structure transitional slope break system and strike-slip structural slope break system.A very close relationship occurs between slope break system of rift lacustrine basin and erosion-depositional response,in which slope break system controls boundary between erosion and provenance,provenance passageway,discharge place for sediments and sedimentary types.The northern fault slope break system controls deposition of fan delta-lacustrine-submarine fan,the southern ramp slope break system controls braid fluvial delta-shallow lake-submarine fan deposition,and the central Bozhong 33 structure slope break system controls shallow lacustrine beach bar deposition.The occurrence of rift lacustrine basin slope break system is a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition.Formation of effective reservoir sand bodies at slope breaks definitely depends on coupling of conditions including effective provenance,necessary slope break belt association types,enough discharging place and certain accommodation space.

在高校调研和教学实践的基础上,对"海洋油气地质学"课程进行教学探索.对教学课时及内容进行全新编排,加强地质图件解读,注重引导学生创造优质课堂.斟酌教学实例,反复强调并对比海陆相油气地质差异,展现海洋特色.课堂延伸结合学科研究热点,鼓励学生研究创新.

Bohai Bay basin is a main petroliferous rift basin in eastern China,which is developed in Cenozoic and possesses giant reserves.For guiding oil-gas reservoir prediction and assisting establishment of exploration plan,using abundant seismic data,well logs,et al.,thoroughly analyze the time and space evolution rules of depositional sequence of Donying Formation in western Huanghekou sag of Bohai Bay basin and their main controlling factors' interplay.Finally the following conclusions was got:Dongying Formation in research area will be divided into three 3rd sequences.Among these sequences,SQ3 and SQ2 can be further divided into EST and HST.In these sequences,the depositional systems mainly include fan delta,braided river delta,meandering river delta and the lacustrine depositional system,which show obvious character of successional development from SQ3 to SQ1.The evolution process of depositional sequence has been controlled by palaeogeomorphology and base-level change.And slope break as the important expression of palaeogeomorphology becomes the principal factor of which the shape and scale control the development of the sequences and depositional systems.Slope break don't just guarantee for sediment supply,but it also becomes the place where the deposits transport and unload.On the other hand,via affecting the A/S,base-level changes control the depositional states and form various deposit combination.Finally the balance between slope break and base-level change forms the composite model of sequence and depositional systems in western Huanghekou sag:the sequence stratigraphy of northern steep slope almost appears with ruptured deletion in western Huanghekou sag,and multiple meandering river delta systems exist.In the middle of the sag,the large areas of beach bars can be found.And the unconformable character of the sequence stratigraphy in southern gentle slope displays with the strata overlap and the depositional system is continuously developed with the large-scale braided river delta.The favorable sandy reservoir in beach bar of shore & shallow lacustrine depositional system can be set as the future exploration target.

Relying on Marine Geology and Resources Experimental Teaching Center in School of Marine Science of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), the marine science experimental teaching reform is carried out to expand and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical skills and their application and innovation abilities.Taking the "Marine Geology and Resources Experimental Teaching Center" project as an entry point, the experimental teaching reform can promote innovation by opening and cultivate students' innovative ability, which has obtained some achievements.

琼东南盆地是一个典型的陆缘拉张含油气盆地.新近纪以来的三亚组、梅山组、黄流组、莺歌海组和乐东组的层序在前人层序划分的基础上,通过高精度的多道地震资料以井震结合为主的研究思路划分了3个二级层序界面和12个三级层序.并论述各层序的顶底接触关系、地震反射特征等.在研究区的层序格架中,识别出的地震相分别为:平行—亚平行相、楔状发散相、前积相、杂乱反射相、及水道填充相.并呈现不同时期的沉积环境及构造演化阶段.早中新世—中中新世,呈滨浅海相—半深海相,该构造演化阶段正好处于断拗转换阶段;晚中新世—第四纪,呈浅—半深海相,构造演化阶段处于断陷期,细分为裂后热沉降和裂后加速沉降.此外,研究区由于地形高差控制作用,在坡折带附近还形成了斜坡扇、浊积体等.

The shallow-water deltaic sand body is excellent reservoir in Neogene strata of the Bohai Bay. However,as there is a lack of well data in the new 3D seismic survey,the relation between the shallow-water deltaic sand bodies and seismic responses is still obscure. It is difficult to depict the sand bodies precisely. In order to discuss the parasequence sand body distribution in work area X in Huanghekou sag,this paper summarizes the relationship between the lithological combinations and the seismic attributes in lower Minghuazhen submember ,based on the high-frequency sequences division. Using the seismic forward modeling,the we establish the geophysical model of sand bodies and depicts the pss1 pss11 level sequence sand bodies of Minghuazhen submember in a deliberate way,by making use of RMS amplitude attributes of 90? phase conversion seismic data. The result proves the relationship between the amplitude of seismic profiles and sand body concentration. The high RMS amplitude figure demonstrates the thick sand bodies(or the corresponding compound thick level). The middle amplitude figure normally corresponds to massive mudstone clipping thick-middle thick sandstones,and low amplitude figure shows the barely developed sand bodies. These results match noticeably with the well drilling s data. Therefore,it is feasible to predict the shallow-water deltaic sand body by using the seismic attributes.

以松辽盆地古龙凹陷为例,基于钻、测井数据以及三维地震数据,开展末端分流河道-河口坝三维地震表征,对河口坝的动力学形成机制进行分析,并结合现代赣江三角洲河口坝沉积观测结果,总结分流河道-河口坝的沉积演化模式.古龙凹陷英79井区嫩江组三段可识别出3期分流河道-河口坝.从早期到晚期,泥岩颜色由黑灰色、深灰色到灰绿色转变以及河口坝厚度逐渐减薄(10m、8.5m和4.25m),显示湖水由深变浅(17m、14m和7m).反旋回、漏斗状的河口坝在地震剖面上呈透镜状、高频、中弱振幅反射特征.携带细粒沉积物的水流在末端分流河道出口处,以紊流射流方式注入湖水,形成第1级河口坝.当第1级河口坝坝顶水体较浅时,第1级河口坝停止生长.水流在第1级河口坝两侧分流并水道化,形成次一级分流河道-河口坝.由于水深、分流河道的河口宽度不同,在分流河道末端发育不同级次、不同规模、展布特征差异的河口坝群.河口坝宽度与河口坝长度呈线性正相关,而河口坝长度则与其对应的分流河道口的宽度呈指数相关.

黄河口凹陷位于渤海海域南部,其中在新近系中发现大量油气藏.本文将以黄河口凹陷BZ26井区明化镇组下段下亚段为例,通过地震沉积学方法开展精细砂体预测.在高精度层序地层格架建立的基础上,采用统计法,地震属性提取技术,一维正演模型等技术,开展精细砂体预测.研究表明:BZ26井区将明化镇组下段下亚段划分出11个准层序组(pss1-pss11),砂岩主要集中在pss1和pss11中.区域内发育五种纵向组合关系,分别对应与之匹配的地震属性关系:强均方根振幅对应较厚的砂体,反之则砂体不发育.由于区域内砂体厚度低于地震分辨率,往往一根同相轴代表多套砂体组合.因此建立一维正演模型,分析砂泥岩纵向组合与地震反射振幅之间的对应关系,由此对研究区内准层序组进行精细砂体刻画并分析其沉积微相.

古南海的构造演化对研究大陆边缘张裂和盆地形成模式有重大意义.关于南海的构造演化过程尚存有争议,基于对前人研究成果的收集及综合比对,同时结合地震剖面分析,对逆断层和褶皱等挤压构造进行识别以及展布的刻画;并对南海北部古逆冲断裂带的展布及活动进行了深入研究.在确定晚中生代南海北部区域构造应力背景的基础上,在研究区内识别出了一条中生代逆冲断裂带,并对其位置、展布、活动停止时间进行了分析,对南海晚中生代以来的构造演化提出了新的模式:晚中生代以前,南海北部地区构造应力以挤压为主,存在着碰撞造山过程,形成了岛弧型活动大陆边缘;晚白垩世至始新世,盆地应力背景由挤压向张裂过渡,并存在至西向东的转换延迟;渐新世以后逐步转为拉张应力背景.

利用三维地震构造解释成果，结合钻井资料对青东凹陷古近系断层几何学特征进行了详细的分析，认为研究区主要发育有同沉积断层、后期正断层和基底走滑断层3种类型，平面上以近 EW向、近NW向和近NE向3组方向展布，在数量上以近EW向最多，其次为近NW向，近NE向最少。按照主干断层和次级断层的组合形态，剖面上可划分为Y型、复合Y型、马尾状、多米诺骨牌式、梳状、卷心菜型等6种样式；平面上划分出平行断层系、斜交断层系和雁列断层系等3种形式。在分析区内断层的形成发育的基础上，进一步查明了区内断层在油气生成至成藏过程中的作用，主干断层活动控制了该区的盆地构造格局、沉积以及烃源岩展布；断层空间展布形态及组合构造样式控制了圈闭的类型，同时也组成了复杂的三维输导网络，为油气的垂向运聚成藏提供了有效通道。受断层控制形成的北部次凸和南部次凸构造高区域是油气垂向运移的有利指向区。

坡折带类型、分布对沉积体系具有明显控制作用.通过对黄河口凹陷古近系层序构成样式和沉积充填研究,结果表明:①在盆地幕式断陷活动和同沉积断裂差异活动等构造作用下,形成了断裂坡折和挠曲坡折2种类型的构造坡折带.断裂坡折可以进一步分为断阶坡折、帚状坡折和断裂转换带坡折,不同类型构造坡折带对沉积体系具有明显控制作用.②断阶坡折控制了陡坡带扇三角洲、缓坡带辫状河三角洲沉积体系的形成和分布;帚状坡折控制了沉积体系入湖方向和沉积厚度;断裂调节带控制了辫状河三角洲、湖底扇沉积体系的形成和分布;挠曲坡折控制了辫状河三角洲沉积体系的分布.③构造坡折控制不同类型的圈闭组合,断阶坡折带发育断块型圈闭、岩性上顷尖灭圈闭;帚状坡折带发育掀斜断块圈闭;断裂转换带发育岩性上倾尖灭圈闭、断鼻-岩性圈闭;挠曲坡折带发育地层超覆圈闭.不同类型坡折带对沉积体系的控制为下一步中深层油气勘探指明方向.

Coastal Zone Biological and Geological Process Innovation Practice Base for college students in School of Ocean Sciences is one of the first innovative practice bases constructed at the China University of Geosciences(Beijing).In this paper,the construction concept,target of the base,system construction,major features and practical results are briefly introduced.The construction of the Coastal Zone Biological and Geological Process Innovation Practice Base provides a good platform for deepening the revolution of education teaching in colleges and universities,strengthening the intersection of marine science,geology and biology,improving students'innovation ability,and fostering high quality innovation talents of marine science.

海洋科学是一个多系统、多学科交叉的综合性学科体系.论文针对国内海洋人才供需现状,结合中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院本科专业培养中存在的优缺点.指出海洋科学高层次人才培养必须紧密围绕人才发展目标厘定、人才培养专业体系建设、课程体系设置、实验室建设、教学管理体制与评价体系等方面开展具体工作.

海洋科学专业是中国地质大学(北京)新设专业之一,在北京市70所高校中独树一帜为培养海洋学院专业特色人才提供坚实的平台。针对学院本科教学过程中培养方案存在的诸如课程体系建设、实践教学以及教学管理等方面的问题,提出新教学培养方案调整方案,体现了"依托地质大学传统优势,强化"海洋科学"专业地学基础;紧密围绕学科方向,加强课程衔接"等方面的特点。

The sedimentary system of carbonate from the South China Sea(SCS)is classified into 3patterns and examined respectively in the paper.The evolutionary history of both carbonate platform and pelagic ooze is particularly reviewed with the process of the SCS since the late Oligocene.It is pointed out that 3characteristic phases of the carbonate sedimentation occurred at the Late Oligocene,Miocene and from the end of the Miocene to the present.Among them,the middle Miocene,during which the SCS was arriving on its developing zenith,is a period that can provide tectonically and climatically the best base to the carbonate deposit.Starting from the late Miocene,the SCS met its strong regional subsidence and closer configuration,which resulted in evident decline of both the shallow water and pelagic carbonates.

The Yellow River Mouth Sag is located in the southeastern part of the Bohai Bay Basin,China.The large scale shallow water lacustrine delta developed in Neogene became profitable geologic conditions for the formation of concealed hydrocarbon reservoirs in this area.The authors take the sequence SQ1as an example,totally 10parasequence sets are divided to the sequence SQ1of lower member of Minghuazhen Formation in Block B34of the Yellow River Mouth Sag.Lithologic statistics show that the lithology is dominated by sandstone and mudstone.Thick sandstones are mainly distributed in PSS1and PSS10,while thin-bedded sandstones mainly developed in other parasequence sets.The developing character of sandstones is related with where they are developed in the same sequence.The studies include root mean square(RMS)amplitude in different parasequence sets and well lithology,one-dimensional forward simulation of 7kinds of lithology associations.The results indicate that lithology and its association are correspondent to the amplitude as follows: strong amplitude corresponds to thick sandbodies,weak amplitude corresponds to non-development of sandbodies,and medium amplitude corresponds to a large set of mudstone intercalated with medium-thin-bedded sandstone.The fine description of sandbodies was made taking the PSS1as an example.It is quite difficult to quantitatively identify the thickness of sandstone although the relationship between lithology and amplitude is established.As a result,the thickness of sandstone is qualitatively determined according to the amplitude.