Objective:To understand the characteristics of quarantined persons and medical staffs in the centralized quarantine facilities in Fengtai district of Beijing during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics, so as to provide scientific basis for rapid emergency management of local epidemics.Methods:The information of centralized quarantine facilities, quarantined persons and the medical staffs in the period from October 18 to November 26, 2021 were obtained and the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 software.Results:A total of 2 434 persons were under medical observation in 10 centralized quarantine facilities in Fengtai district of Beijing. The observation for secondary close contacts accounted the highest proportion (53.2%). The average time of residence in the facility was (31.30 ± 6.73) d. There were 155 medical personnel participated the work in the centralized quarantine facilities. The medical staffs were mainly from community health service centers (65.8%), and their professional backgrounds were mainly nursing (48.4%) and clinical medicine (41.3%). The staffs with previous experience working in quarantine facilities accounted for 23.9%. The average number of medical personnel per 100 supervisors was (6.23 ± 2.98) and was significantly higher than the national requirement ( t=4.74, P<0.01). All the subsequent confirmed cases were detected during the quarantine period, and no cross infection occurred in the facilities. Conclusions:Centralized quarantine facility was an important part in to accurate countermeasures of the epidemics and timely summary of the experiences would be necessary. Primary-level medical and nursing staffs are the main force in the quarantine facilities. The old-teach-new, training and drill as well as contingency plan remain the effective ways of handing emergency affairs in the facility. The "One-to-One" guidance by the public health professionals in the facility can effectively make up for the shortage of professionals.

目的 了解北京市丰台区幼儿园儿童视屏时间现况及视屏时间过长的影响因素,为制定视屏时间过长相关防控措施提供参考依据.方法 采用方便抽样,利用自制问卷对北京市丰台区9所幼儿园儿童的教师和家长进行调查.调查内容包括幼儿园儿童及家长的社会人口学特征,儿童每日视屏时间(在家和在校),儿童视屏时间可能影响因素.本次调查中将视屏时间＞1 h/d的儿童定义为超标组,视屏时间≤1h/d小时的儿童定义为合格组.通过统计描述、卡方检验和多因素logistic分析,了解儿童的视屏时间现况并分析其与可能影响因素之间的关系,显著性水平为0.05.结果 北京市丰台区1014名幼儿园儿童中,男童504名,年龄中位数为4岁.儿童每天视屏时间中位数为60 min,视屏时间超标儿童比例为46.7％(474/1 014).Logistic回归分析表明,导致儿童视屏时间＞1 h/d的因素包括:儿童年龄增高(≥5岁年龄组OR = 1.85,95％CI:1.27～2.70,P ＜ 0.01)、看护人为男性(OR = 1.65,95％CI:1.13～2.40,P ＜0.05)、看护人文化程度低于本科水平(大专学历水平OR = 2.33,95％CI:1.42～3.83,P＜0.01;高中学历水平OR =2.34,95％Cl:1.45～3.78,P＜0.01;初中及以下学历水平OR =2.00,95％CI:1.20～3.33,P ＜0.01).结论 北京市丰台区幼儿园儿童视屏时间超标的比例较高.儿童年龄越大、看护人为男性、看护人文化程度低等因素是导致幼儿园儿童视屏时间增加的危险因素.应针对这些影响因素,结合实际开展减少幼儿园儿童视屏时间的教育和干预工作.

目的 了解北京市丰台区3～6岁学龄前儿童的夜间睡眠时间及其影响因素,为开展学龄前儿童睡眠时间健康教育与干预提供参考.方法 于2019年4月采用方便抽样方法选取丰台区5个街道9所幼儿园的1004名3～6岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,利用问卷星平台采用自制的结构式问卷对主要看护儿童的家长进行线上调查,了解儿童基本情况、儿童夜间睡眠时间、每日户外活动时长、每日视屏时间、每周兴趣班学习时长、家庭人均月收入、家庭类型以及主要看护家长基本情况.采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行方差分析、x2检验、趋势x2检验和多因素logistic回归分析.结果 实际完成调查996人,应答率为99.2％.3～6岁学龄前儿童平均每日夜间睡眠时间为(9.2±1.0)h,男孩和女孩分别为(9.2±1.0)和(9.3±1.0)h,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).每日夜间睡眠时间达到10h的儿童比例为36.7％,其中男童为34.7％,女童为38.8％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3～、4～、5～和6～岁组儿童平均每日夜间睡眠时间依次为(9.6±1.1)、(9.3±1.0)、(9.2±0.9)和(8.9±0.9)h,每日夜间睡眠时间随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).3～6岁学龄前儿童每日夜间睡眠时间达到10h的比例由3～岁组的50.3％(74/147)降至6～岁组的23.6％(35/148),随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,学龄前儿童发生夜间睡眠时间不足10h的风险随年龄增长而升高(OR=1.371,95％CI:1.170～1.607,P＜0.05);与男性看护家长相比,女性家长看护的儿童发生夜间睡眠时间不足10h的风险较低(OR=0.583,95％CI:0.377～0.901,P＜0.05).结论 丰台区3～6岁学龄前儿童夜间睡眠时间不足情况较为普遍,儿童年龄、看护人性别是影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素.

目的 了解北京市某区水产品批发市场人员霍乱防控相关知识、态度及行为现况,为重点人群的健康教育工作提供依据.方法 采用二阶段随机抽样法抽样,填写调查问卷,根据项目权重或等级赋分,利用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 共调查该水产品批发市场人员193人,调查对象对水产品能携带霍乱病原体的知晓率为9.3％,苍蝇能传播霍乱的知晓率为15.0％,对防控措施的有效性持积极态度的为65.8％,能积极配合开展消毒等疫情控制工作的为86.5％.在行为方面,84.5％的调查对象能做到生熟分开,94.8％的调查对象接触水产品后及时洗手.防护用品穿戴齐全者占53.4％,手套和胶靴的使用率较低.霍乱防控知识得分为47.22分,霍乱防控态度和行为得分分别为77.93分和81.96分,高中及以上文化程度者对霍乱相关问题的知晓率、认可防控措施有效的态度持有率、手套使用率、知识得分等多个项目上显著高于初中及以下文化程度者.结论 该水产品批发市场人员霍乱相关健康素养水平较低,应有针对性地开展相关健康教育和健康促进活动,使其认识到水产品从业工作中存在潜在传染病致病因素,自觉提高防护意识,从而降低霍乱感染风险.

目的 了解托幼机构人员手卫生管理现状,分析影响手卫生的各种因素,为加强托幼机构人员手卫生管理提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样法和现场采样检测方法,对北京市某区辖区内40所托幼机构人员手卫生管理及其影响因素进行调查与分析.结果 从40所托幼机构采集288名人员手标本,手卫生质量合格率为50.0％.经单因素分析结果显示,洗手水源水、洗手搓揉方法、洗手液和肥皂盒污染是影响手卫生质量的因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素分析认为揉搓方法和清洁剂污染成为影响手卫生的独立因素.结论 揉搓方法和清洁剂污染是手卫生不合格的危险因素,因此托幼机构应针对存在的问题制定改进措施.

Objective To detect the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 19 antibiotics in 10 categories to Bartonella strains,analyze the drug susceptibility of Bartonella and provide evidence for clinical antibiotic use and drug resistance monitoring.Methods The susceptibility of Bartonella strains to 19 antibiotics and the antibiotic MICs were detected by using E test,the MICs of 19 antibiotics,including doxycycline,azithromycin and rifampicin,to Bartonella were detected by using 35 strains of strains of Bartonella in 11 genera.The McFarland bacterium suspension with turbidity 2.0 was made by using cultured Bartonella strains and coated evenly on trypsin soybean agar medium containing 5％ defibrinated sheep blood.The medium was placed in incubator of 5％ CO2 at 37 ℃ for 5-7 days to detect MICs.Results Thirty five strains were sensitive to 13 antibiotics,including doxycycline,azithromycin,erythrocin and clarithromycin,the MICs were ≤0.016 mg/L.Thirty four strains were sensitive to rifampicin,the MIC was ≤ 0.002 mg/L.They were not sensitive to clindamycin,amikacin,vancomycin,polymixin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.The MICs of these antibiotics were significantly higher.Conclusion Most Bartonella strains were sensitive to 14 antibiotics,including doxycycline,but they were not sensitive to 5 antibiotics,including clindamycin.It is necessary to select antibiotics to which Bartonella is sensitive in the treatment of bartonellosis.

2017年3月29日,北京市某高中国际部报告其学前班多名儿童疑似感染头虱.专业人员立即赶赴现场进行调查处理,现将结果报告如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 调查场所 该学校位于北京市某高档小区内,为某高中与房地产开发商合作成立、以中外合作办学为基本形式的民办私立学校,包括学前班、小学部、初中部及高中部,全校共20个班级,380名学生,72名教职员工.

2013年12月2日,北京市某机关单位报告其多名员工在单位生活区被臭虫叮咬,专业人员立即赶赴现场进行该起事件的调查处理,现将结果报告如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 调查场所 该机关单位位于某客运主枢纽附近,两层楼房,西部为生活区,东部为办公区,分别以100 m2左右大厅和会议室为界.生活区有集体宿舍14间,库房4间.办公区5个办公室.每间宿舍安放3～8张多合板木板床或席梦思床垫床,办公室安放办公桌、办公柜、简易床等.单位共有55名员工,每日轮班在集体宿舍休息.

目的优化巴尔通体体外药敏试验方法,检测多种抗生素对巴尔通体的最低抑菌浓度（MICs）,并分析耐药性。方法优化Etest法试验条件;将该方法与琼脂稀释法进行比较,评价该方法的可靠性。采用Etest法,检测了7株ATCC参考株对22种抗生素的MICs,数据分析使用SPSS 13.0软件。结果确定含5%羊血的胰酶大豆琼脂培养基为最佳培养基、2.0 MCF（麦氏浊度）度为最佳细菌接种浓度,7天为最佳孵育时间。测试的7株巴尔通体在体外对强力霉素等13种抗生素敏感（MIC＜0.016）,对克林霉素等4种抗生素MIC偏高。结论 Etest法简便易行、定值准确、重复性好、结果可靠,可以用于巴尔通体体外药敏试验,并获得了巴尔通体的一些体外药敏数据,为将来制订巴尔通体药敏标准提供一定的依据。

目的 了解北京市丰台区德国小蠊对高效氯氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷、溴氰菊酯、残杀威、毒死蜱的抗药性及其抗性衰退情况.方法 采用WHO推荐的药膜法,测定经实验室饲养1代和正常饲养1年后的试虫对常用杀虫剂的半数击倒时间(KT50)及其95％置信区间(95％CI)、击倒率、死亡率,评价其抗药性程度及抗性衰退情况.结果 德国小蠊现场种群对高效氯氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷、溴氰菊酯、残杀威和毒死蜱的抗性倍数分别为7.91、1.90、30.52、4.56和2.06倍;饲养1年后,其抗性消退率分别为42.82％、49.70％、74.77％、56.51％和-24.19％.结论 丰台区德国小蠊现场种群对5种常用杀虫剂均产生不同程度的抗性;饲养1年后,除毒死蜱外,对其他杀虫剂的抗性均有所消退,抗性消退率均达40％以上.

Objective The effects of the mosquito repellents of different formulas were evaluated to identify the optimum formula.Methods Both the laboratory(GB/17322.10-1998) and on-site repellent effects of the agents were measured.Results Among the twenty tested formulas,ten demonstrated the effective protection rates of greater than 80% against laboratory-reared Aedes albopictus with an average repellent duration of above 10 h.Three groups of different formulas were tested in two separate on-site tests,resulting in the average effective protection durations of 4.8,4.5 and 4.8 h,respectively.Conclusion The on-site test results,which were not as good as the laboratory ones,might be due to loss of repellents through rubbing or skin absorption given heavier sweat and more intense activities in summer.Since different formulas were used in the laboratory and on-site tests,further tests are required to confirm the repellent effects of the formulas under the same circumstances.

随着饲养猫、犬等宠物的兴起,猫抓病的报告越来越多,我们收集整理1993-2007年中国内地发表的192篇猫抓病病例报告及有关文章,涉及病例1736例,初步系统地探索研究分析中国猫抓病现状。