Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on electrospun nanofiber membranes have garnered widespread attention in self-powered flexible electronic sensing devices. Currently, exploring and developing tribo-positive materials with high permittivity has become a research hotspot. To this end, we proposed incorporating poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) into crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers to enhance their dielectric properties, thereby fabricating a composite nanofiber membrane with improved output performance and high humidity resistance. This membrane served as an efficient tribo-positive material and was paired with the flexible tribo-negative material polydimethylsiloxane doped with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PDMS@TiO2) to develop a high-performance PVA/PEDOT:PSS-based TENG (PVPS-TENG). The optimal sample was identified as a composite nanofiber membrane with mass ratio of 7:3 and a thickness of 3 mu m after systematically optimized. The optimized TENG could generate a maximum open-circuit voltage of 368.0 V, a short-circuit current of 21.2 mu A, a corresponding transferred charge of 48.1 nC, and an instantaneous peak power density of 8.0 W/m(2)-significantly outperforming the output of PVA-TENG. COMSOL simulations corroborated these findings as well as Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Furthermore, the PVPS-TENG also maintained stable electrical output in 99 % RH over extended periods, demonstrating great potential for monitoring human signals in high-humidity environment. This work confirmed the feasibility of the proposed composite nanofiber membrane as an efficient tribo-positive material and provided a strategic approach for designing humidity-resistant materials in TENGs.

ABSTRACT Rapid unidirectional liquid transport and persistent surface dryness are critical for advanced sanitary products. Traditional sanitary products utilizing hydrophilic nonwovens often suffer from moisture retention. Herein, we report a novel three‐tier composite architecture diaper comprising a 3D‐printed hydrophobic mesh surface (HMS), a superabsorbent core, and a breathable hydrophobic back layer. The 3D‐printed HMS utilizes a tailored pore hierarchy to facilitate immediate fluid penetration via gravitational and capillary forces and prohibit the backflow with its intrinsic hydrophobic barriers. Furthermore, compared with conventional diapers, the HMS diaper showed a 200‐fold enhancement in breathability and a 50‐fold improvement in surface dryness. By effectively reducing skin‐interface liquid retention and increasing vapor permeability, the HMS diaper established an advanced solution for next‐generation, high‐efficiency fluid‐managing textiles.

A facile and efficient method for preparing a protective layer on the Zn anode is highly desirable in rechargeable aqueous zinc metal batteries. This coating layer should meet the requirements for suppressing dendritic Zn proliferation and inhibiting parasitic side reactions. We engineer an artificial SEI composed of a metal ion-tannic acid (TA) complex on the Zn anode. The synergistic effect of TA and metal ions enables a dual confinement mechanism with abundant zincophilic sites, thereby enhancing the ability to capture Zn ions and facilitating rapid ion transfer. This complex layer can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and have anticorrosion properties. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the protective coating exhibits a high affinity for Zn2+, significantly reducing the nucleation barrier. Furthermore, it regulates Zn2+ flux to enhance uniform Zn deposition and restrain dendritic growth. As a result, Zn symmetric cells using the metal ion-TA complex coating exhibit exceptional stability and a lifespan of 2300 h at 1 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2, significantly exceeding that of pristine Zn. Furthermore, coupled with a vanadium-based cathode, the cell retains ∼100% of its initial specific capacity (176.75 mAh g-1) at 5 A g-1 through 2500 cycles without observable degradation. This work proposes a promising method for protecting Zn metal anodes with a large-scale implementation potential.

In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered extensive attention in the realm of selfpowered sensors due to their capability to harness low-frequency mechanical energy. Among these, textilebased triboelectric nanogenerator stands out as a pivotal platform for wearable sensing. Nevertheless, conventional approaches, such as directly coating triboelectric materials on fabrics, often compromise the inherent properties. In this study, we utilized our self-developed electro-centrifugal spinning equipment to continuously fabricate core-sheath yarns with micro/nano structures, resulting in the development of pocket-shaped fabricbased (PF) TENGs. This innovative design preserves the original softness and breathability of the fabric while delivering substantial electrical output owing to its layered structure and extensive specific surface area. PF-TENGs can accurately detect electrical output signals from various motion states. This electro-centrifugal spinning technology offers new research directions and sensing application prospects for self-powered smart textile development.

Improving the uniformity of phase separation in wet spinning is crucial for enhancing fiber properties. Different from traditional wet spinning methods, in this approach, the calcium source is homogeneously dispersed in the alginate spinning solution as nano-calcium carbonate. The release of calcium ions and in-situ crosslinking are regulated by adjusting the pH of the coagulation bath, thereby enhancing crosslinking uniformity. Morphology and distribution of calcium ions analysis revealed that the radial structure of the in-situ crosslinking spinning fibers is denser and more uniform, with a higher calcium ion concentration indicating a stronger degree of crosslinking. Tensile tests demonstrated that the fracture strength of in-situ crosslinking spun fibers without drawing is twice than that of traditional wet spinning fibers. This method offers a novel approach for the fabrication of wet-spun fibers with a uniform radial structure and high strength.

The structural coloration arising from the orderly arrangement of nanoparticles has garnered significant interest. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) represent a form of liquid crystal capable of self-assembling into cholesteric configurations as their concentration increases. The distinct morphology and surface functionalities of CNCs give rise to diverse self-assembly architectures. Nonetheless, the challenge persists in fabricating successive fibrous materials that exhibit long-range ordered structures while maintaining processable mechanical characteristics. Herein, a precursor spinning solution was injected into microtubules via a syringe pump and introduced into a coagulation bath containing Ca2+ ions at a regulated flow rate, resulting in multi-scale filaments composed of CNC and alginate. Experimental evaluations and computational modeling reveal that enhanced cross-linking interactions between oxalic acid-derived CNCs and calcium ions significantly improve the tensile properties of the resulting filaments, achieving a maximum tensile strength of approximately 140 MPa. The innovative topological configuration of the filaments endows them with coordinability and polarization-based encryption capabilities, positioning them as promising candidates for advanced textile applications aimed at directed signal transmission or identification.

With increasing freshwater demands and decreasing freshwater resources, the desalination of seawater has become of prime importance. Since then, renewable and sustainable water desalination techniques have been the focus of research. Solar desalination for freshwater generation is a widely researched field for addressing the worldwide water scarcity issue. However, current solar evaporators are still facing challenges related to their evaporation rate, salt resistance, life cycle etc. Herein, a medusiform evaporator was designed and constructed. Among which we utilized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) to photothermally functionalized fabrics such as (cotton, ramie, silk, viscose), we achieved this by coating the CNPs using the screen-printing technique, which allows for precise patterning and control over the deposition of CNPs on the fabric substrate. The coated fabrics exhibited outstanding solar light absorption and photothermal performance with improved evaporation rates of C@ramie 1.56 kg m- 2 h- 1 with efficiency of 92.2 %, C@cotton at 1.51 kg m- 2 h- 1 with efficiency of 89.5 %, under solar illumination of 1 kWm- 2. The fabric evaporators showed that there was no salt deposition in the centre of the fabric, showing promising results for salt resistance and durability of reuse. The findings suggest the desalination of yellow seawater to the extent that meets the WHO standards for drinking water. Fabric based evaporators have the potential to be employed as solar photothermal desalination.

Conventional synthetic skin for intelligent soft robotics typically relies on thermally or UV-initiated polymerization, making initiator-free rapid gelation a persistent challenge. Here, a supramolecular Lewis acid-base gelation strategy that enables facile, initiator- and crosslinker-free synthesis of polyzwitterionic gels is presented. Strong hydrogen bonding between urea (hydrogen bond donor, HBD) and the zwitterionic moieties of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC; polymerizable zwitterionic hydrogen bond acceptor, PZHBA) drives spontaneous polymerization, establishing a general platform for zwitterionic gelation in deep eutectic solvents (DESs), such as choline chloride (ChCl) and urea. Inspired by the structural and ionic complexity of human skin, zwitterionic supramolecular eutectogel (ZSE) is designed via copolymerization of N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) and MPC in DES, yielding a bioinspired ion-hydrogen bond dynamic network. These gels exhibit tunable mechanical properties, including an ultralow Young's modulus (5-180 kPa), and exceptionally high ionic conductivity (2 S·m-1), which arises from the solvation of zwitterionic groups. The dynamic supramolecular network also imparts recyclability and intrinsic self-adhesion. ZSEs can be continuously spun into highly sensitive strain sensors with environmental robustness for integration into textiles. Additionally, bio-optimized gel patches demonstrate excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. This work offers a sustainable and versatile synthetic platform for next-generation soft iontronics and bioinspired human-machine interfaces.

Aqueous Zinc-ion batteries have been a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage system benefiting from its economic, high safety and energy density. Whereas, the issues of Zn anode that surrounding dendrite growth, side reaction and corrosion have hindered it from further practical application. To circumvent these problems, we propose an organic/inorganic functional Janus separator based on commercial glass fiber (GF) membrane, effectively inhibiting the growth of Zn dendrite and enhancing the reversibility of Zn anode. The functional layer with dense and tiny pore, can restricts ion diffusion, and the filler of Graphene oxide- Titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) could induce the Zn2+ epitaxial deposition. The Zn symmetric cell with the modified separator runs over 2000 h stably at a density of 1 mA cm-2 (1800 h, 2 mA cm- 2). Even at a higher density of 5 mA cm- 2, it also shows an ultralong lifespan of over 600 h. When assembled into Zn//MnO2 full cell, the modified separator shows higher capacity (initial capacity of 112.1 mAh g- 1) and capacity retention (60.57 % after 500 cycles at 1C) than GF (97.1 mAh g- 1, 48.4 %). Furthermore, the full cell with the modified separator possesses more excellent rate performance. This novel modification strategy of separator opens up more possibilities for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries.

This paper investigates the production of hydrothermal responsive shape memory filaments with different draw ratios (0.8, 2.0, and 3.2), using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a filler and shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) as a matrix. A mechanical-thermo-aqueous programming test (MTAP) was conducted to study the shape-memory properties of the microcomposite filaments. The effect of draw ratio and triggering temperature on mechanical, physical, thermal, morphological, and shape memory performances was thoroughly studied. Among the microcomposite filaments, SMPU-MCC with a draw ratio of 2.0 exhibited the highest tenacity value of 0.91 cN/dtex in its original shape, with an elongation percentage of 385.2%. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the filaments increased as the draw ratio increased from 0.8 to 3.2, ranging from 38.35°C to 41.02°C. The crystallinity percentages obtained for pure SMPU, SMPU-MCC-0.8, SMPU-MCC-2.0, and SMPU-MCC-3.2 were 27.10%, 30.68%, 38.72%, and 36.88%, respectively. In addition, an optimum draw ratio led to a degradation temperature rise from 372.5ºC to 391.3ºC, which shows the thermal stability of the filaments was significantly influenced by the intermolecular bonding between MCC and SMPU, which intensified as the draw ratio increased from 0.8 to 2.0. Moreover, the filaments exhibited excellent mechanical and thermal properties in six cycles at the optimum draw ratio and triggering temperature, indicating their future application for repeated use without experiencing major changes in shape memory properties.

With the variety of fibers and fabrics, the studies of the surface structure of the textile yarns, the weave fabric, and their surface wettability are still potential factors to improve and optimize the fog harvesting efficiency. In this work, inspired by the fog harvesting behavior of the desert beetle dorsal surface, a wavy–bumpy structure of post-weave yarn (obtained from woven fabric) was reported to improve large droplet growth (converge) efficiency. In which, this study used tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) to waterproof, increase hydrophobicity, and stabilize the surface of yarns and fabric (inspired by the feather structure and lotus leaf surface). Moreover, PDMS oil was used (lubricated) to increase hydrophobicity and droplet shedding on the yarns (inspired by the slippery surface of the pitcher plant) and at the same time, enhance the fog harvesting efficiency of the warp yarn woven fabric (Warp@fabric). In addition, a three-dimensional adjacent yarn structure was arranged by two non-parallel fabric layers. The yarns of the inner and outer layers were intersected at an angle decreasing to zero (mimicking the water transport behavior of Shorebird’s beaks). This method helped large droplets quickly form and shed down easily. More than expected, the changes in fabric texture and fiber surface yielded an excellent result. The OBLWB-Warp@fabric’s water harvesting rate was about 700% higher than that of the original plain weave fabric (Original@fabric). OBLWB-Warp@fabric’s water harvesting rate was about 160% higher than that of Original–Warp@fabric. This shows the great practical application potential of woven fabrics with a low cost and large scale, or you can make use of textile wastes to collect fog, suitable for the current circular economy model. This study hopes to further enrich the materials used for fog harvesting.

This study explores the environmental sustainability of composite materials by reinforcing agricultural residue enset fiber as a potential reinforcement. Initially, enset fibers underwent a 5 wt% sodium hydroxide treatment to eliminate impurities and enhance fiber-matrix adhesion in the subsequent biocomposite fabrication process. Various enset fiber-to-polylactic acid ratios were blended and opened to enset/PLA fibers mat using a fiber carding machine, and the resulting biocomposite material was prepared through the hot press. A comprehensive assessment covering mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties was conducted on the enset/PLA biocomposites. The results showed increased mechanical (tensile strength of 24.12 MPa, bending stress of 33.02 MPa, flexural modulus of 2.01 GPa, the impact resistance of 12 kJ/m2) and thermomechanical properties with increased enset fiber loading, with optimum value at a 30% weight percentage. The Differential scanning calorimetry results showed the addition of enset fiber increases the glass transition temperatures and degree of crystallinity. SEM images confirmed robust adhesion between enset fibers and PLA. This study highlights the potential applications of enset/PLA composites in automotive, furniture, packaging, and diverse industries, emphasizing their promising role in sustainable material development.

The demand for cellulosic fibres as a reinforcement in polymers is growing due to their renewable, biodegradable, and ecologically favourable properties. In addition, they are lower in density than e.g. glass fibres, which will help in making lightweight composites. Besides, there is no health hazard with ease of processing and minimum damage to the processing equipment. Despite their advantages and high demand, their utilization in industrial applications is still limited. This is due to their inherent polar and hydrophilic nature and their consequent incompatibility with hydrophobic polymers. Therefore, it is often necessary to do hydrophobic modification treatment. The review examines a range of strategies for modifying ramie surfaces, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological processes. It also analyzes the procedures and techniques involved in the preparation and manufacturing of ramie-reinforced polymeric biocomposites. Moreover, an investigation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the composites produced. The performance evaluation includes both before and following fibre treatment, covering surface morphology, wettability, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy. Most of the researchers reported that alkaline and silane coupling agent treatments are the most prevalently applied pretreatments. Compared to biological and physical methods, the application of chemical agents enables excellent adhesion of fibre to polymer resins. However, the utilization of solvents such as ethanol and methanol increases the amount of waste produced and toxic compounds released.

Environmental concerns and the over-exploitation of natural resources have driven the search for eco-friendly materials. Agro/industrial waste, often discarded, can be repurposed as fillers in biocomposites. However, bio-fibers present challenges such as poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and variable mechanical properties. This study examines various fiber surface modification techniques, including NaOH, silane, alkali-silane, and pectinase enzyme treatments on enset fiber (EF) to produce sustainable reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. Untreated EF/PLA composites were fabricated for comparison. Results showed that the applied EF surface treatments, especially using pectinase enzyme, significantly enhanced mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties. Pectinase-treated EF/PLA composites displayed increased tensile strength by 55.99%, elongation at the break by 39.49%, tensile modulus by 32.59%, impact strength by 51.50%, flexural strength by 51.85%, flexural modulus by 60.90%, and improved thermal stability as compared to untreated composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses verified better fiber-matrix interaction with clarity due to reduced non-cellulosic components. Pectinase enzyme treatment emerged as the most effective, eco-friendly method, enhancing the enset fiber's potential in polymer biocomposites, suitable for automotive interiors and packaging industries, reducing synthetic plastic pollution, and utilizing agricultural waste.Highlights Enset fibers were modified by NaOH, silane, NaOH/silane, and pectinase enzyme The modified enset/PLA composites were prepared by compression molding Surface treatments enhanced the enset-PLA matrix interaction Pectinase-modified enset/PLA composite showed superior properties Improved properties of enset composites make it ideal for various applications

Ramie is a widely used plant fiber for making textiles and reinforcement in biodegradable composites. Pretreating cellulosic fibers with alkali before producing composites is increasingly used to enhance adhesion with polymeric resin. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken technique was utilized to investigate the impact of independent variables on ramie fabric characteristics and determine the optimal treatment condition. The impact of alkali concentration, treatment time, and temperature on the breaking load and elongation at break of woven ramie fabrics were evaluated using Design-Expert software, which established the design matrix and analyzed the experimental data employing numerical and graphical optimization methods. Moreover, the impact of alkali treatment conditions on the surface morphology, structural change of ramie fabrics, and thermal properties was investigated. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, the suggested quadratic models can adequately predict the breaking load and elongation at break of the ramie woven fabrics within the range of conditions applied in this investigation. The RSM revealed that an alkali concentration of 6.12%, a treatment time of 30 min, and a temperature of 39.13°C resulted in an optimum treatment condition with a breaking load of 518.28 N and elongation at break of 23.36%.

Hot compression molding was used to produce biocomposites from ramie plain-woven fabric-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA). Prior to composite fabrication, alkali and dipodal silane (bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine) (BAS) were applied to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. Mechanical tests revealed improvements in tensile and flexural strength due to interfacial adhesion. The flexural strength of ramie PLA composite samples treated only with silane (SR-PLA) was the highest, at 136.35 MPa. Young's modulus was 7.51 GPa. BAS treatment was crucial for ensuring strong adhesion between the fabric and the PLA matrix. In combined alkali-BAS-treated composites (ASR-PLA), the glass transition and crystallization temperatures disappeared completely, affecting PLA morphology. The maximum heat of absorption (373 degrees C) was found in SR-PLA composites, suggesting electrostatic interactions created a three-dimensional network. In conclusion, the initial incorporation of dipodal silane resulted in the formation of six silanol linkages with ramie fabric, leading to enhancements in the mechanical and thermal characteristics of ramie-PLA composites.Highlights Alkali and BAS treated Fabrics ironed to remove treatment-induced wrinkles. Carded PLA fiber with consistent density and weighted in four equal portions. Fabric and PLA lay alternatively in warp direction before compression molding. SR-PLA composites exhibited improved thermal and mechanical properties.

Conventional silane treatment can increase the hydrophobicity of natural cellulosic fibers. This report employs a combination of alkali and dipodal silane treatments. Bridged bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine (BAS), a dipodal silane, was used instead of regular ones to enhance the hydrophobicity of ramie plain-woven fabrics. Before silane application, alkali treatment conditions’ impact on mechanical properties was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The desirability function approach and graphical optimization techniques were employed to find out the optimum condition. The RSM demonstrated that a concentration of 6.11

Demands for smart textiles have recently increased quickly in terms of functionality and responsiveness to wearers and environmental changes. This paper explores the development of hydrothermal responsive shape memory woven fabric from Microcrystalline Cellulose Reinforced Shape Memory Polyurethane Microcomposite Filament. The concentration of microcrystalline cellulose and drawing ratio of the filaments were first optimized according to the tensile strength and shape recovery ratio and taken as 15 wt% and 2.0 respectively. Hydrothermal responsive shape memory micro-composite filaments were then produced from shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with optimized concentration and draw ratio by wet spinning process. The physical, mechanical, thermal and shape memory performances of the filaments were studied. The optimized filament was found to have a tensile strength of 0.91 cN/dtex and elongation of 385.2% in which the strength is much more improved when compared to a pure SMPU filament of strength 0.72 cN/dtex. The shape fixity and shape recovery results of the micro-composite filament were found to be 71.2% and 93.6% respectively. A woven fabric was manufactured from pure polyester, cotton as warp and SMPU-MCC filaments as weft and its breathability and shape memory properties were investigated. The air permeability of SMPU-PE fabrics was found to be 172.9 mm/s and 155.1 mm/s in its fixed temporary shape and recovered shape respectively. The water vapour permeability of SMPU-CT fabric was found to be 612.01 g/m2.h and 540.28 g/m2.h in its fixed temporary and recovered shape respectively which shows smart breathable fabrics can be made and adopted with enhanced properties.

Interfacial solar water evaporation technology (ISWE), capable of extracting clean water from the abundantly available seawater, represents a promising avenue for alleviating structural water scarcity. However, the aggregation of salts on the evaporator surface is difficult to suppress in true seawater desalination, rendering efficient seawater desalination unsustainable. In this work, we propose a universal, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-operate water vapor assisted unidirectional coating strategy to fabricate Janus photothermal fabrics with asymmetric wettability on both sides. A unique porous structured hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (HCNTs)@Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) photothermal coating was formed on cotton fabric by harnessing the spontaneous water vapor diffusion within the fully wetted fabric. This coating not only robustly adhered to the fabric substrate but also endowed the Janus fabric with excellent photothermal performance and outstanding salt aggregation suppression capabilities. The introduction of Janus fabrics into a double-side evaporation mode demonstrated a stable evaporation rate of 1.36 kg m(-2) h(-1) and an energy efficiency of >90 % during the continuous evaporation of true seawater, overcoming the contradiction between salt aggregation suppression and evaporation performance. The facile and sustainable production process of the salt-repellent solar evaporator demonstrated in this work paves the way for the large-scale application of ISWE in seawater desalination.

为改善摩擦纳米发电机摩擦材料的环境友好性,选用生物基聚酰胺和聚乳酸分别作为正负摩擦电材料,采用流延成膜、去离子水浸出、静电纺丝法分别制备了各种表面形态的膜,并探究其表面微观结构对纳米发电机输出性能的影响.试验结果表明:静电纺丝纤维膜的表面微纳结构有利于电荷的积累,输出性能最佳,同时在试验过程中材料的化学性质并未发生改变;制备厚度15 μm、接触面积2 cmx2 cm的纳米发电机在频率3 Hz、作用力7.5 N条件下,开路电压、短路电流、电荷转移量可以达到79 V、1.5 μA、6.7 nC;器件在7 200个工作循环后输出性能无明显变化,且能在30％～50％相对湿度条件下保持稳定输出.