The rock-breaking technique that combines a high-pressure abrasive waterjet (AWJ) with a rotary drilling rig offers high efficiency and has attracted widespread attention in engineering construction. However, studies on side-mounted AWJ combined with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters for breaking highly abrasive hard rock remain limited. This study investigates the rock-breaking behavior of a side-mounted AWJ-PDC system under laboratory conditions using a custom-built rotary drilling rig with a four-blade, six-cutter PDC bit to drill high-strength granite, and examines the effects of AWJ installation and rig control parameters on drilling efficiency. Numerical simulations explore the influence of AWJ pre-cut grooves on rock fracturing, revealing the mechanism of combined drilling. Results show that AWJ installation and rig control parameters significantly affect performance: efficiency first increases and then decreases with increasing nozzle installation diameter, and improves with shorter standoff distance and higher pump pressure. Drilling thrust is linearly correlated with drilling speed, while higher rotation speed reduces thrust. Based on the criteria of lower thrust or higher penetration rate under laboratory granite drilling conditions, the optimal parameters are a different-track mode with a 40 mm installation diameter, 30 mm standoff distance, pump pressure >300 MPa, 10.50 kN thrust, and 50 r/min rotation. Numerical results show that pre-cut grooves guide cracks into through-going fractures, whereas without grooves, cracks propagate randomly. Prefabricated grooves enhance fracture control and rock-breaking efficiency. The different-track-mode, with the groove offset from the PDC bit, provides more effective weakening than the same-track-mode, providing a reliable basis for efficient drilling in high-strength formations.

After closure, high arch dams often exhibit a noticeable temperature rise that significantly affects their stress state. This rise is driven by both environmental heat transfer and residual hydration heat of concrete, yet the dominant cause remains under debate. Using temperature monitoring data from the Baihetan arch dam, this study examines the evolution, causes, and structural effects of this process. By October 2024, the Baihetan dam shows a temperature rise of 4.5-9 degrees C. A detailed analysis reveals a 3-4 degrees C temperature gradient across the dam thickness at closure within the placement blocks. Previous studies assumed a uniform closure temperature field, which results in a systematic overestimation of residual hydration heat. On this basis, a Bayesian optimization-based inversion framework is employed to refine the estimation of residual hydration heat, yielding a value of approximately 2.5-3.0 degrees C. Using a factor-separation approach, the relative contributions of the influencing factors are quantified, showing that environmental effects contribute approximately 60% of the temperature rise, whereas residual hydration heat contributes around 40%. The temperature rise causes upstream deformation and induces local tensile stresses of 0.1-0.4 MPa. These findings offer quantitative insights into the temperature-rise mechanism and support the structural safety assessment of high arch dams.

Different types of fibers play distinct roles at different cracking stages in cementitious composites. This study conducted extensive three-point bending fracture tests on specimens reinforced with varying proportions of steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. Fracture characteristic parameters were statistically analyzed to evaluate the effects of steel and PVA fibers on the fracture behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HyFRCC), while the cracking process was further investigated using digital image correlation. A reliable meso‑scale numerical model was established to study the effects of long fiber orientation on crack propagation in HyFRCC and to explore the associated size effect. The results indicate that during the early cracking stage, PVA fibers promote the development of multiple cracks, thereby enhancing the crack initiation toughness, whereas steel fibers substantially improve energy dissipation in the post‑peak softening stage. Replacing PVA fibers with an equal volume of steel fibers markedly increases fracture energy, with minimal influence on crack initiation and peak load. Therefore, isovolumetric substitution of higher‑cost PVA fibers with more economical steel fibers shows economic benefits. Meso‑scale fracture simulations further reveal that variations in fiber orientation alter the local stress field near crack tips, thereby affecting crack propagation paths. As the specimen size increases, the nominal strength obtained by numerical beam models exhibit a typical size effect.

Accurately determining the fracture toughness of full-graded concrete used for super-high arch dams remains challenging due to demanding test equipment and complex procedures, which limits the practical engineering use of this parameter. Accordingly, based on the concrete mix proportion used in the Baihetan arch dam, and employing the same raw materials and mortar composition as those adopted on site, this study designed and conducted fracture tests on three groups of concrete with scaled-similar aggregate gradations, aiming to systematically analyze the effects of maximum coarse aggregate size, coarse aggregate size distribution, specimen dimensions, and initial notch-depth ratio on the fracture properties of concrete. Test results indicate that, when specimen geometry and initial notch-depth ratio remain unchanged, larger coarse aggregates lead to higher fracture parameters. For the same mix proportion, the fracture parameters first increase and then stabilize as specimen size increases, but decrease as the initial notch-depth ratio increases. On this basis, an equivalent methodology is developed in this study to evaluate the fracture characteristics of full-graded concrete, which introduces a formula for calculating the average aggregate diameter for concrete with varying coarse aggregate characteristics and establishes the relationship between the average aggregate diameter and the scale parameter used in boundary effect model. Accordingly, the scale parameters and fracture parameters of large-aggregate concrete can be inferred from the test results of smaller-aggregate concrete specimens. The proposed method is validated using both the present experimental dataset and related fracture tests of full-graded and wet-sieved concretes from the Baihetan project. The close match between predicted and experimental results confirms the robustness and applicability of the equivalent determination approach in engineering practice. These outcomes provide theoretical support for efficiently determining fracture parameters and simplifying fracture testing procedures for full-graded concrete in super-high arch dams.

Concrete arch dams represent a predominant dam type in water conservancy and hydropower projects in China. The control of concrete placement progress during construction directly impacts project quality and construction efficiency. Traditional manual monitoring methods, characterized by delayed response and strong subjectivity, struggle to meet the demands of modern intelligent construction management. This study introduces machine vision technology to monitor the concrete placement process and establishes an intelligent analysis system for construction scenes based on deep learning. By comparing the performance of U-Net and DeepLabV3+ semantic segmentation models in complex construction environments, the U-Net model, achieving an IoU of 89%, was selected to identify vibrated and non-vibrated concrete areas, thereby optimizing the concrete image segmentation algorithm. A comprehensive real-time analysis method for placement progress was developed, enabling automatic ternary classification and progress calculation for key construction stages, including concrete unloading, spreading, and vibration. In a continuous placement case study of Monolith No. 3 at a project site, the model’s segmentation results showed only an 8.2% error compared with manual annotations, confirming the method’s real-time capability and reliability. The research outcomes provide robust data support for intelligent construction management and hold significant practical value for enhancing the quality and efficiency of hydraulic engineering construction.

Concrete placement scheduling in high arch dam construction is a long-horizon decision-making problem with complex spatiotemporal constraints and operational uncertainty. Existing scheduling optimization approaches mainly focus on pre-construction planning and often exhibit insufficient robustness. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a neuroevolution-based approach for dynamic optimization. A hybrid construction simulation environment integrating Discrete Event Simulation and Agent-Based Modeling is developed to evaluate scheduling performance. Within this environment, the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy is used to evolve a decision neural network. The network dynamically scores feasible dam sections at each step to generate adaptive placement decisions. A case study of a high arch dam in Southwest China showed that the proposed approach outperformed the human-experience benchmark, Genetic Algorithms, and Proximal Policy Optimization. It reduced the average duration by 16.54 days relative to the human-experience benchmark and achieved the shortest duration and greatest stability among all compared methods.

This study develops and validates an integrated predictive framework for fracture failure assessment and fracture parameter evaluation of the Baihetan arch dam concrete. A four-season wedge-splitting test program was conducted on specimens cast with full-graded and wet-sieved concretes and naturally cured before testing at designated ages, covering the influences of specimen size, crack-to-depth ratio, age, and curing temperature-humidity history. The initial cracking and unstable fracture toughness values together with the fracture energy were determined, providing an experimental database for calibration and verification. The proposed framework synthesizes the Boundary Effect Model (BEM) with a maturity-based equivalent age to predict the initial cracking and peak loads, and employs the Fracture Extreme Theory (FET) to evaluate the corresponding fracture toughness values, comprehensively accounting for specimen size, crack ratio, curing temperature-humidity history, and concrete age. The material parameters were calibrated using the winter-cast specimens, which provided the most complete coverage of equivalent ages for regression of age-dependent development equations, and the framework was verified using data from the other seasons. The proposed framework demonstrated reliable predictive capability for fracture failure loads and fracture toughness of both concretes within the tested parameter range. Furthermore, two complementary conversion methods were developed to estimate the fracture toughness of full-graded concrete from wet-sieved test results, including a direct experimental conversion based on stable fracture parameters measured from large-size specimens and a prediction-based conversion using age-dependent development equations. These approaches provide a practical basis for fracture parameter conversion and fracture safety evaluation in dam engineering applications.

With the advancement of modern engineering structures, traditional cement concrete is increasingly unable to meet the mechanical performance requirements under complex conditions. To overcome the performance limitations of materials, modified concrete has become a focal point of research. By incorporating modifying materials such as fibers, polymers, or mineral admixtures, the properties of concrete can be significantly enhanced. Among these, rubberized concrete has attracted considerable attention due to its unique performance advantages. This study conducted fracture tests on rubberized concrete using non-standard concrete three-point bending beam specimens of varying dimensions to evaluate its fracture performance. Employing conventional concrete fracture theoretical models, the fracture toughness parameters of rubberized concrete were calculated, and a comparative analysis was performed regarding the applicability of various theoretical calculation formulas to rubberized concrete. The results indicated that the fracture performance of rubberized concrete varied significantly with changes in specimen size. The initial toughness exhibited a consistent size-dependent variation across different theoretical models. The fracture toughness corresponding to crack height ratios between 0.05 and 0.25 showed contradictory trends; however, for crack height ratios between 0.3 and 0.5, the fracture toughness became consistent. This study integrated boundary effect theory and employed Guinea’s theory to propose an optimization coefficient γ for the double-K fracture toughness formula, yielding favorable optimization results.

To address the challenges of multi-scale distribution, low contrast and background interference in rock crack identification, this paper proposes an improved Mask R-CNN model (CBAM-BiFPN-Mask R-CNN) that integrates the convolutional block attention mechanism (CBAM) module and the bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) module. A dataset of 1028 rock surface crack images was constructed. The robustness of the model was improved by dynamically combining Gaussian blurring, noise overlay, and color adjustment to enhance data augmentation strategies. The model embeds the CBAM module after the residual block of the ResNet50 backbone network, strengthens the crack-related feature response through channel attention, and uses spatial attention to focus on the spatial distribution of cracks; at the same time, it replaces the traditional FPN with BiFPN, realizes the adaptive fusion of cross-scale features through learnable weights, and optimizes multi-scale crack feature extraction. Experimental results show that the improved model significantly improves the crack recognition effect in complex rock mass scenarios. The mAP index, precision and recall rate are improved by 8.36%, 9.1% and 12.7%, respectively, compared with the baseline model. This research provides an effective solution for rock crack detection in complex geological environments, especially the missed detection of small cracks and complex backgrounds.

The fracture properties of steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites (SFRC) are strongly dependent on the fiber orientation. In two-way slab structures such as floor slabs, pavements and bridge decks, incorporating randomly distributed fibers will produce ineffective vertically fibers. To improve the fiber reinforcement efficiency, a three-dimensional (3D) mesoscale simulation method is developed to investigate the fracture behavior of the two-way slab with steel fibers randomly aligned in-plane. From these insights, a two-dimensional (2D) alignment strategy is adopted to effectively avoid the presence of vertical fibers in SFRC two-way slabs. Subsequently, the 2D aligned SFRC (2D-SFRC) circular slabs are prepared using a rotating magnetic field. Flexural fracture tests with different fiber contents are conducted to validate the enhancement of the 2D alignment of fibers. The results show that the developed modelling method is highly efficient in capturing the fracture properties of the SFRC slabs, demonstrating good performance in simulating the evolution of multi-cracking and fiber bridging effect. Compared with random fibers, the 2D alignment significantly increase the average tensile stress of fibers, thereby enhancing the bending resistance of the SFRC slabs. The designed 2D-SFRC fully utilizes the reinforcement of fibers, making it more suitable for engineering applications.

Controlling temperature and preventing cracking of mass concrete are critical research topics in hydraulic structures. A new combined temperature control technique of constructing multiple internal holes combined with water injection/air ventilation for mass concrete was introduced in this study. The efficacy of this technique was investigated by applying it to a canal navigation wall. Initially, a thermal-stress coupling finite element analysis method was employed to simulate the temperature field of multi-hole concrete placement blocks with various cooling measures. The accuracy of the numerical model and calculation method were validated using an engineering field test, and the error of the maximum temperature was less than 5 %. Subsequently, a series of numerical case studies for an entire multi-hole navigation wall were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of various combined cooling measures during the construction period. The mechanical behavior and the safety of the multi-hole navigation wall during the operation period were analyzed. The results indicate that the water injection (WJ) measure is the most effective combined means for temperature reduction in multi-hole structures. The application of this new technology to the navigation wall structure can reduce the maximum internal temperature (Tmax) by 3-7 % and the surface tensile stress (sigma S) by 6-14 %. It results in significantly reducing the risk of concrete cracking. The safety factors against sliding (Ks), overturning (Ko), and buoyancy (Kf) of the multi-hole navigation wall can meet the requirements of the specifications. These results provide a scientific basis for the application of this new temperature control technology.

As a multi-phase composite material, the specimen size and aggregate characteristics (distribution, contents and sizes) of concrete have significant effects on the evolution of the fracture process zone (FPZ). In this paper, mesoscale fracture simulations are conducted using an approach coupling the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM), unified phase-field model (PFM) and cohesive interface elements (CIEs). The focus is on studying the effects of meso-structures on the evolution characteristics of the FPZ. The non-cracked regions are modelled by the SBFEM polygons. The damage of mortar and interfaces is simulated by the unified PFM and CIEs, respectively. Concrete three-point bending tests are first simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model in depicting the evolution of the FPZ. Further parameter studies on aggregate characteristics are carried out. The results shown that the aggregate content has a significant impact on the FPZ evolution compared to the aggregate size in the post-peak stage. The length of the FPZ is highly dependent on the specimen size, whereas the width of the FPZ shows lower sensitivity to size. These discovered are beneficial for understanding the relationship between the macroscopic performance and mesoscale properties of concrete.

In arch dam engineering, transverse joint apertures often fail to meet grouting requirements due to limited understanding and consideration of joint interfacial tensile strength. Before opening, the transverse joint is essentially the interface between new and old concrete. This study experimentally investigated the effects of four key factors-curing temperature of the old concrete, casting interval, age of the new concrete, and curing temperature of the composite specimen-on the interfacial splitting and direct tensile strengths of new-to-old low-heat Portland cement concrete (LHPC-C) composite specimens using an orthogonal design, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the curing temperature of the composite specimen and the age of the new concrete have highly significant influence (P < 0.001), whereas the casting interval and the curing temperature of the old concrete have no significant influence. Maturity-based predictive models for estimating the development of interfacial splitting and direct tensile strengths were developed with coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.96 for both, and validated, achieving mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 4.15 % for splitting tensile strength and 1.02 % for direct tensile strength. To assess engineering applicability, the models were applied to predict interfacial splitting tensile strength under time-varying curing temperature histories and the opening temperatures of transverse joints in a certain arch dam, with relative errors below 5 % and 7 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed models accurately describe interfacial tensile strength development in response to variations in key influencing factors, and are applicable to engineering practice.

Thermal stress control is crucial for massive concrete structures during construction. The cooling strategies directly determine the safety of structures, material quality, construction efficiency, and project cost. However, precise spatiotemporal thermal stress regulation and management are difficult to achieve due to the lack of balanced discriminant criteria and multi-objective optimization methods for the selection of traditional strategies. Therefore, an intelligent optimization method for thermal stress management strategy in massive concrete structures, considering the balance of safety, quality, efficiency, and cost (SEQC-TSOM), is proposed. Initially, a Thermal Stress Simulation Mechanism Model (TSSM) is constructed to accurately evaluate the structural state throughout the entire process. Subsequently, a mechanism data-driven surrogate model (MD-SM) is constructed to quickly evaluate the structural response under different cooling strategies. Furthermore, a multi-objective intelligent optimization model and a multi-criteria decision-making model are proposed to filter the intelligent optimal strategy from the Pareto solution set. Finally, a case study based on the Baihetan arch dam project is conducted, and the results show that the safety, quality, efficiency, and cost (SEQC)-balanced strategy increases safety by 42%, improves cooling efficiency by 36%, and reduces cooling costs by 20.6% compared with traditional strategies.

Intermittent rockbursts are prevalent geological hazards in deep underground tunnel projects located in regions of high ground stress. Research on the occurrence mechanism and acoustic evolution characteristics of intermittent rockbursts has important academic value and engineering significance for the prevention, control, prediction and early warning of this type of disaster. In this study, which utilized a true-triaxial rockburst testing system, experiments were conducted on large-scale rock samples with cavities to simulate intermittent rockbursts under true-triaxial conditions. Based on the experimental results, the failure processes and stress characteristics of self-initiated and disturbance-triggered intermittent rockbursts were analyzed in depth. The AE characteristics and failure precursors of intermittent rockbursts were comprehensively explored. In addition, the mechanism and main influencing factors of intermittent rockbursts were discussed by a comparative analysis of actual engineering phenomenon and laboratory test results of intermittent rockbursts. The results show that: (1) the entire intermittent rockburst process can be divided into two phases: initial rockbursts and secondary rockbursts. The evolution of the initial rockburst in the surrounding rock progresses through five stages: microscale failure, particle ejection, splitting into plates, plate bending and bulging, plate breaking and ejection. However, secondary rockbursts may directly split into plates or experience plate breaking and ejection without passing through the small particle ejection stage. There is no clear sequentiality between these stages, exhibiting spontaneity and notably greater intensity. The duration of the initial rockburst phase is significantly longer (i.e., approximately 2–5 times longer) than that of the secondary rockburst phase. (2) Based on their location relative to the initial rockburst, secondary rockbursts can be classified into three types: in situ secondary rockbursts, para-position secondary rockbursts, and ortho-position secondary rockbursts. Among these, the main form is in situ secondary rockburst, which is more likely to occur. In situ secondary rockbursts tend to occur earlier and may persist throughout the phase, whereas para- and ortho-position secondary rockbursts generally occur later. (3) The two different types of evolution in fracture damage and failure characteristics of initial rockbursts and secondary rockbursts can be effectively revealed by AE signals, which provide precursory information for prediction and early warning. (4) The mechanism behind intermittent rockbursts is profoundly complex and involves a cyclical process in the surrounding rock of "instability failure–rebalance–instability failure". The surrounding rock is sensitive to variations in the principal stress σ1, followed by its responsiveness to cyclic disturbances. The residual energy within the rock serves as the principal energy source for secondary rockbursts, whereas the externally input energy acts as a trigger.

The Wudongde arch dam is currently the thinnest 300-meter-class super-high arch dam in the world, and the risk of concrete cracking is a critical concern during its construction and operation. In this study, wedge-splitting fracture tests were conducted on full-graded and wet-sieved concrete specimens cast at the dam construction site, with varying test ages, specimen sizes, and crack lengths. A quantitative analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of these factors on the fracture parameters of the dam concrete. Based on the test results, relevant theoretical models were used to predict the fracture loads and parameters of full-graded and wet-sieved concrete under different ages, sizes, and crack length conditions. The feasibility of predicting full-graded concrete fracture behavior using the results of wet-sieved concrete tests was also discussed. The findings indicate that age, size, and crack length all significantly affect the fracture parameters of dam concrete. When the ratio of ligament depth to maximum aggregate size reaches or exceeds 6, the initial fracture toughness, unstable fracture toughness, and fracture energy of both full-graded and wet-sieved concrete tend to stabilize. Using the boundary effect model, the size-independent fracture toughness, fracture strength, and scaling parameters of dam concrete can be determined, and the fracture loads, including initial cracking and maximum loads, can be accurately predicted under varying conditions of age, size, and crack length. In combination with the fracture extreme theory, accurate predictions of fracture toughness under different conditions can also be achieved. Validation results show that the absolute error between predicted and experimental values is generally within 15 %, indicating that this prediction method meets engineering requirements. By utilizing the results of wet-sieved concrete fracture tests, theoretical methods can effectively predict the fracture behavior of full-graded concrete. These findings can provide a scientific basis for crack risk analysis and control in the Wudongde arch dam.

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Three distinct systems of asphalt-based waterproof material structures were designed for building cement substrates. These asphalt-based waterproof materials were modified using either Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) or Ethylene Acrylic Acid Copolymer (EAA) along with various inorganic fillers. To enhance the adhesion between the waterproof materials and the cement substrate, the surface of the cement substrate was chemically treated with either gamma-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH-570) or vinyltrimethoxy silane (SG-Si 171) through atomization spraying and infrared irradiation. The adhesion properties and debonding failure modes of waterproof materials for cement substrates were analyzed, and six groups of samples with relatively good adhesion properties were screened for further environmental aging tests. The samples were subjected to temperature fluctuations, water immersion, freeze-thaw cycles, thermal aging, acid, alkali, and salt, to identify favorable asphalt-based waterproof structure systems for five climate zones, acid rain-affected regions, and saline-alkali- affected regions in China. These results provide valuable insights for designing effective waterproof materials for different environments.

ObjectiveAccurate assessment of concrete fatigue life under fatigue load is essential to ensure the safety and stability of structures, especially the fatigue failure behavior dominated by stress and strain.The fatigue loading surface function is established to describe the fatigue state of concrete based on the constraint relationship in the stress-strain fatigue criterion.The fatigue loading surface function of concrete exhibits a monotonic variation with fatigue cycles, enabling the establishment of an equivalent function to represent the concrete fatigue state.The fatigue loading surface function of concrete can be described as a linear equivalent expression, and the coefficients can be calibrated by the characteristic points in the fatigue loading process.MethodsBased on the constraint relationship between fatigue stress-strain and fatigue cycles, the equivalent fatigue cycles can be calculated from the fatigue stress-strain data.The equivalent fatigue cycles can effectively express the fatigue stress-strain state of the material, and the fatigue life indirectly represents the fatigue failure stress-strain state in the fatigue failure criterion of materials with the static constitutive curve as the limit value.The degree of fatigue accumulation of materials can be quantified by comparing the equivalent fatigue cycles and fatigue life.The evaluation method based on equivalent fatigue cycles overcomes the shortcomings of the current evaluation methods based on the classic fatigue criteria and fatigue envelope lines.Therefore, in this work, the fatigue loading surface function is constructed, and its evolution law is studied through the analogical form of the fatigue failure criterion of materials with a static constitutive curve as the limit value, thus proposing a description method for equivalent calibration and solving the equivalent fatigue cycles.The fatigue loading surface function is proposed to describe the fatigue state and determine the constraint relationship between fatigue stress and strain and fatigue cycles based on the fatigue failure criterion of materials with a static constitutive curve as the limit value.The equivalent fatigue loading surface function and coefficients can be obtained by the equivalent description method of feature point calibration.The R-square is introduced to ensure an equivalent description, and the maximum R-square directly relates to the optimal equivalent description results.Therefore, the maximum R-square algorithm is proposed based on the evolution law of the fatigue loading surface function.The linear equivalent form of the fatigue loading surface function is proposed to meet the equivalent description and practical application requirements.ResultsTherefore, equivalent calibration can be achieved by selecting the optimal maximum R-square, and the coefficients of the fatigue loading surface function can be determined from the experimental results of the fatigue loading process.The equivalent fatigue loading surface function, feature point calibration, and maximum determinable coefficient algorithms were developed to achieve the equivalent fatigue state description of materials.Through the equivalent calibration results, the equivalent fatigue cycles can be obtained using the corresponding fatigue stress-strain.Furthermore, the fatigue stress-strain state of concrete can be quantified by the equivalent fatigue cycles, and corresponding evaluation processes and indicators are obtained through further study.ConclusionsThe proposed method provides an effective approach for the fatigue life analysis of concrete.

The inconsistency in strength parameters between full-graded dam concrete and wet-sieved concrete is primarily attributed to variations in curing conditions, member size, and aggregate size. To ensure more reliable strength parameters for the structural analysis of the Baihetan Dam, comprehensive strength tests were conducted on site-casting full-graded and wet-sieved concrete. Full-graded concrete specimens and a portion of wet-sieved concrete specimens underwent natural curing on site or in close proximity to the laboratory, while the remaining wet-sieved concrete specimens were cured in seven large environmental chambers with controlled temperatures and relative humidity. The quantitative effects of curing conditions, specimen size and maximum aggregate size on the compressive and splitting tensile strength of dam concrete were obtained through strength tests. Subsequently, based on the test results, by introducing the equivalent age-adjusted coefficient Cea, the member size-adjusted coefficient Cms and the aggregate size-adjusted coefficient Cas, a strength determination method for full-graded concrete that can consider the above three factors was proposed and validated. Finally, according to the measured temperature and relative humidity history of the dam concrete and ambient environment, the real strength parameters of the full-graded concrete of Baihetan dam were determined by the proposed method. The validation and practical application of the proposed method indicate that this method can meet the actual use requirements of the Baihetan dam project, and can provide more reliable full-graded concrete strength parameters for dam structure analysis than traditional methods.