本文对单位党建"三基本"建设情况和"三基"工作开展情况进行研究,并结合集团公司最新要求,总结党建"三基本"建设与"三基"工作有机融合的内涵,发现并有效用好生产经营与基层党建工作在成品油销售企业基层的亮点,把基层党建与管理结合起来,为公司的高质量发展贡献力量.

苏东南区低渗致密气藏在开发过程中普遍产水,导致气井出现储层水锁的现象,水锁严重时甚至影响了产能的正常发挥,通过储层基本特征和生产特征分析判断苏东南区存在较高储层水锁风险.为了准确识别储层水锁并采取应对措施,在分析储层水锁机理的基础上,提出近井筒和储层远端储层水锁伤害模式,认为储层水锁主要是由毛管自吸效应和液相滞留效应作用形成.选用气井采气曲线,分析套压、产气和产水变化特征,综合生产时间、影响范围和水锁严重程度等因素,总结梳理早期—近井筒水锁、中后期—近井筒水锁、中后期—近井筒与储层远端水锁、中后期—储层远端水锁等4类7种典型储层水锁特征曲线.选定套压月递减率、最大关井套压与生产套压比2个参数分别针对连续生产井和间歇生产井的储层水锁进行定量判断,为苏东南区低渗致密气藏储层水锁快速判识提供了依据.

柱塞气举工艺在国内外天然气开发中取得良好的排水采气效果,该工艺因具有适用范围广、措施有效期长、自动化程度高等优势,被普遍推广应用.而组合管柱水平井由于特殊的井身结构,常规柱塞工艺存在坐落器投放难度大、举液效率低、井口装置压裂砂冲蚀严重等问题,影响柱塞举升效率和推广应用.通过持续优化设计、攻关创新和现场试验,形成的"自缓冲柱塞+井下限位器(单流阀+防砂罩)"的组合管柱水平井柱塞气举创新技术,经现场多口气井应用评价,取得了显著效果.

苏东南区主要目的层位为下石盒子组盒8段,区块采用水平井进行整体开发,储层采取水力喷射等压裂工艺进行改造.通过引入水平井产气剖面测井技术评价了J-H2井不同改造段的产量贡献情况,测试结果显示13个射孔段中有8段产气,表明固井桥塞分段多簇压裂技术改造效果较好;此外第13射孔段仍具有24.33％的产量贡献率,证实较长水平段对于气井产量贡献发挥了重要作用.测试结果还验证了导向过程中对该井储层钻遇的地质认识,对于苏东南区后续随钻分析与储层认识具有一定作用.

For the development of thin and poor reservoir ,hydraulic fracturing is an extremely effective measure to enhance production ,but it is the key problem to get the fracture height under control when stimulating these types of pay zones .The paper firstly summarized the factors affecting fracture height ,then an orthogonal design including seven factors of five lev‐els was made according to the reservoir parameters and construction parameters of Jidong Oil‐Field ,and the fracture propagation under each situation was simulated with FracproPT . On the basis of the results ,further sensitivity analysis and single factor analysis were conduc‐ted .The results turn out that factors impacting fracture height are sequentially :in‐situ stress contrast between barrier layer and target layer ,total amount of fracture fluid ,pumping rate , fracture fluid viscosity ,Young modulus contrast ,reservoir permeability and fracture tough‐ness contrast .The larger the stress difference between the barrier and target layer ,the easier to control the fracture height ;the smaller the pumping rate and fluid viscosity ,the lower the net pressure in the fracture ,and more benefit to limit height grow th .Field case certified that using varies method of artificial barrier ,changing pumping rate and low viscosity fluid can ar‐rest the fracture height .The research can help to optimize the hydraulic fracturing design and guide the on‐site treatment .

X射线衍射和全应力-应变结果表明龙马溪组页岩具有明显的硬脆性特征,破裂前曲线均呈现明显的线弹性变形.在5 MPa和10 MPa围压下,平行层理方向与垂直层理方向岩芯力学性质表现明显不同,平行层理方向的微裂缝由于受到张力作用而导致页岩突然破裂而完全失去承载能力;当围压达到20 MPa时,由于层理微裂缝的闭合,页岩的力学性质表现相似.氮气脉冲压力延迟测试结果表明:平行层理方向取芯页岩的应力敏感性更强,当有效应力增至10 MPa时,垂直层理方向岩芯渗透率下降1～2个数量级,而平行于页岩层理方向岩芯渗透率下降2～3个数量级;方解石充填的天然裂缝可提高岩芯整体渗透率2～3个数量级,且闭合型页岩天然裂缝应力敏感性强于张开型天然裂缝岩芯.

页岩气藏储层具有超低孔、超低渗的物性特征,通过体积压裂改造形成复杂人工裂缝网络,是实现页岩气有效开发的关键.试验采用大尺寸真三轴水力压裂模拟,研究水平地应力差、泵注排量,井筒数量等因素对页岩气储层压裂裂缝扩展规律的影响.通过观察压后页岩表面裂缝延伸路径,结合工业高能CT扫描确定页岩内部实际的水力裂缝形态.实验所选用页岩脆性中等,但层理特征明显,微裂隙发育,具有可压性.试验结果表明:水平应力差为3 MPa时,水力裂缝易转向,沟通近井天然裂缝或弱胶结层理面;随着水平应力差的增加,有利于横切缝的产生,沟通远处更多天然裂缝及层理;当水平应力差达到12 MPa时,仅能形成简单平面横切缝.另外,变排量压裂或双井筒同步压裂可以有效地增加裂缝密度,提高水力裂缝复杂程度;但在12 MPa的水平应力差下,双井筒同步压裂仍然仅生成2条简单的水平缝.

对塔河碳酸盐岩岩心进行了一系列围压、孔隙压力条件下的三轴压缩测试，分析结果发现：①低围压时，碳酸盐岩石表现出很强的脆性，抗压强度低；高围压时，碳酸盐岩石表现出强塑性，且可能出现塑性硬化。②碳酸盐岩的弹性模量随围压的增大而增大，抗压强度随孔隙压力的增大而降低。③孔隙压力增大，碳酸盐岩的内聚力增大，内摩擦角降低。

我国东部某油田惠25区块压裂施工地层具有埋藏深(约5000m)、温度高(150 ～ 160℃)及岩性致密的特点,其对压裂液性能提出了很高的要求.通过室内研究,研制出了一种新型耐高温低摩阻压裂液.评价结果表明,该体系耐温、抗剪切性能良好(160℃、170 s-1下剪切90 min,黏度可达100 mPa·s),且具有延迟交联(交联时间120 s)、低摩阻(降阻率介于35％～70％之间)、低伤害(岩心平均伤害率为17.92％)等优点,可以满足现场施工要求.

Two-scale (Darcy scale and pore scale) continuum wormholing models are built to study the fractal nature of the acid-etched wormholes in acidizing carbonate reservoirs and the influence of acid type on the conditions for wormholes to form. This model considers convection-diffusion mass transfer and reaction on the acid-rock interface, and the fractal dimension of dissolution patterns is calculated using box-counting method. The results show that wormholes are formed when convection and diffusion are equivalent in strength; when convection dominates, uniform dissolution is formed; when diffusion dominates, surface dissolution is generated. For the zones where the porosity is greater than 0.7, the fractal dimensions of the surface dissolution, wormholes and uniform dissolution are 1.46, 1.50 and 1.44, respectively, among which, the fractal dimension of the wormholes is approximate to the experimental results obtained by Daccord and Lenormand (1.6 +/- 0.1). The reaction between weak acid and rocks is controlled by reaction kinetics, the acid-etched wormholes are wide, and more acid is consumed. The reaction between strong acid and rocks is controlled by mass transfer, the acid-etched wormholes are narrow, and less acid is consumed. According to an example calculation, it is found that acidizing treatments should be performed in an isolated short section each time when the horizontal well is long.

为研究水平井压单缝和多缝时裂缝夹角(从0°变化到90°,以15°为递增单元)对开发效果的影响,利用商业软件Eclipse中NWM模块,对比笛卡尔网格加密法,提出了利用Pebi网格加密模拟裂缝的新方法.提出了减小缝间干扰的方法.研究表明:较之笛卡尔网格加密法,Pebi网格加密法更能准确地模拟夹角处于0°～90°之间的情况；易见水的夹角受多种因素的影响,过早见水会严重影响开发效果；夹角越大,缝间干扰越明显；缝间干扰只对初期的采油速度产生影响,对最终的开发效果影响不大；均质地层情况下,中间缝长、两端缝短的裂缝分布有利于减弱对驱替能量的阻挡,推迟见水时间；裂缝均匀分布于两注水井之间可以平衡各缝之间的影响,改善开发效果.

In response to the questions of wormholing during carbonate acidizing,this paper derives a radial two-cale continuum model based on former researches,and studies the dissolving pattern and the effect of some key factors on it,and gets the conditions of the occurrence of wormholes.The results show that;the conclusions got from the models accord well with the experiments conducted by former researchers perfectly;with the rise of diffusion efficiency and decrease of injection rate,the diffusion effect becomes stronger relatively and it is easier to form face dissolution;with the decrease of diffusion efficiency and increase of injection rate,the convection effect becomes more apparent relatively,and it is easier to form uniform dissolution;the wormhole,which can provide adequate permeability and minimize the injection volume of acid at most,is formed when the effect of convection and diffusion is equivalent;the magnitude of heterogeneity has an optimal value,below which the wormhole density and breakthrough volume decrease under more heterogeneity,above which the wormhole density and breakthrough volume become insensitive to the heterogeneity.

针对人工裂缝与水平井筒存在夹角时的模拟问题,提出了一种基于Eclipse数值模拟中PEBI网格加密法的新型处理方法,利用此方法与传统的笛卡尔网格加密法进行了对比,并研究了直井注水—水平井采油的正方形五点井网中夹角对开发效果的影响.结果表明:新方法在处理人工裂缝与水平井筒有一定夹角的情况时,收敛性更好,模拟结果更合理,且能同时模拟多条缝；以15°为递增单元从15°增大到90°,水平井压单缝的条件下,夹角为90°时的开发效果最好,受见水早的影响,夹角为45°时的开发效果最差.

靖边气田北部上古气井目前主要是采用"一点法"评价产能,测试成本较高、时间也较长。同时,测试要放空烧掉大量的天然气,造成一定程度的浪费。为了实现对低渗及特低渗致密气井(藏)产能的准确评价,减少试气过程中的资源浪费和缩短试气周期,通过分析气井产能与压后关放曲线的关系,提出了用压后关放排液的特征曲线预测气井产能,指导气田生产。

靖边气田为多层系开发气藏,通过多年产气剖面分层测井,利用测试资料评价纵向上各层的产气能力,储层状况,评价气藏的开发动态和动用程度,指导气藏后期开发方案制定和调整。