BACKGROUND:In March 2025, Guangdong Province reported China's earliest locally acquired dengue case, occurring two months before the typical transmission season. This unprecedented event raised critical questions about potential overwintering transmission mechanisms in subtropical regions. The investigation sought to determine whether this case represented a resurgence from the 2024 outbreak or a new importation event. METHODS:We conducted comprehensive epidemiological, entomological, and laboratory investigations to trace the origin of infection. Standardized case interviews were conducted to record the patient's 14-day exposure history, including travel patterns. A targeted investigation within a 100-meter radius of the case exposure sites was conducted. Active surveillance and entomological assessments-including Breteau Index calculations and ovitrap deployment-were implemented within 200-meter radius of exposure sites. Serum samples were tested for DENV using real-time RT-PCR, NS1 antigen, and IgM/IgG antibodies. The envelope (E) gene was sequenced using Sanger sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis against global variants with the Neighbor-Joining method in MEGA software. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Genomic analysis of the envelope (E) gene revealed 99.93% identity between the case's dengue virus serotype 1 strain and a locally acquired 2024 case, differing by only a single-nucleotide variant. The high-risk area showed a relatively high dengue prevalence within the previous outbreak year. Meteorological data confirmed that 22 of 26 days during the exposure window met temperature thresholds (20-25°C) conducive to mosquito activity. CONCLUSIONS:This investigation provides genomic and epidemiological evidence suggesting overwintering dengue transmission in China. The findings are consistent with local persistence from the 2024 outbreak, with vertical transmission in overwintering mosquitoes as a leading hypothesis.. These results challenge traditional assumptions about seasonal transmission patterns and underscore the need for year-round vector surveillance in subtropical regions experiencing climate warming.

BackgroundAs of July 22, 2025, the chikungunya virus transmission has been documented across 119 countries and territories of the world. In 2025, an outbreak of chikungunya fever (CF) occurred in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics during the early stage of this outbreak.MethodsWe collected the data of CF cases in Foshan from July 8 to July 26, 2025. Case data were extracted from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. Demographics and tempo-spatial distributions of cases, incidence rates and the onset-to-report interval times were analyzed. Global spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) to assess township-level clustering; Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's post-hoc comparisons (Bonferroni-corrected) to analyze onset-to-report intervals across four epidemic phases. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated using a maximum likelihood method, which was also compared with the R0 from the CF outbreak in Dongguan City of Guangdong Province in 2010.ResultsA total of 4,754 local cases were reported during the study period. Persons aged 65 years or above had the highest incidence (116.57 per 100,000 population). Most cases were business/service workers, homemakers, and retirees. The median onset-to-report interval decreased from 4 days to 1 day after outbreak control measures were implemented. The outbreak, initially detected in Shunde District, spread rapidly to other districts of Foshan, forming a significant spatial cluster (Moran's I = 0.152, P = 0.029). The estimated R0 was 16.3 (95% confidence interval: 15.0 to 17.5), substantially higher than the estimated R0 of 5.5 for the Dongguan outbreak in 2010.ConclusionsThis outbreak was characterized by high transmissibility, with older persons being a primary high-risk group. The rapid reduction in case reporting delay highlights the effectiveness of response interventions. Sustained, integrated and prompt response has been essential to control the outbreak.

Databases such as ClinicalTrials,PubMed,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)were used to search for studies on the research progress of different dengue vaccine development strategies in ongoing or completed global clinical trials published between 2015 and September 2023.The results were organized and summarized,followed by a review of the characteristics of each vaccine development strategy.Traditional vaccine development strategies,such as live attenuated and inactivated vaccines,have multiple projects in clinical trials,but suffer from the disadvantage of immune imbalance between different dengue virus serotypes.Emerging vaccine development strategies,including DNA vaccines and recombinant subunit vaccines,are advancing rapidly but still require validation of their safety profiles.

Objective: To explore the impact of health management measures for entry personnel (entry management measures) against COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Methods: Data of imported Dengue fever from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2022, mosquito density surveillance from 2016 to 2021, and international airline passengers and Dengue fever annual reported cases from 2011 to 2021 in Guangdong were collected. Comparative analysis was conducted to explore changes in the epidemic characteristics of imported Dengue fever before the implementation of entry management measures (from January 1, 2016 to March 20, 2020) and after the implementation (from March 21, 2020 to August 31, 2022). Results: From March 21, 2020, to August 31, 2022, a total of 52 cases of imported Dengue fever cases were reported, with an imported risk intensity of 0.12, which were lower than those before implementation of entry management measures (1 828, 5.29). No significant differences were found in the characteristics of imported cases before and after implementation of entry management measures, including seasonality, sex, age, career, and imported countries (all P>0.05). 59.62% (31/52) of cases were found at the centralized isolation sites and 38.46% (20/52) at the entry ports. However, before implementation of entry management measures, 95.08% (1 738/1 828) of cases were found in hospitals. Among 51 cases who had provided entry dates, 82.35% (42/51) and 98.04% (50/51) of cases were found within seven days and fourteen days after entry, slightly higher than before implementation [(72.69%(362/498) and 97.59% (486/498)]. There was significant difference between the monthly mean values of Aedes mosquito larval density (Bretto index) from 2020 to 2021 and those from 2016 to 2019 (Z=2.83, P=0.005). There is a strong positive correlation between the annual international airline passengers volume in Guangdong from 2011 to 2021 and the annual imported Dengue fever cases (r=0.94, P<0.001), and a positive correlation also existed between the international passenger volume and the annual indigenous Dengue fever cases (r=0.72, P=0.013). Conclusions: In Guangdong, the entry management measures of centralized isolation for fourteen days after entry from abroad had been implemented, and most imported Dengue fever cases were found within fourteen days after entry. The risk of local transmission caused by imported cases has reduced significantly.

目的 通过实验室内模拟试验测定和评价BG-home诱蚊器(BG-home)对白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊的诱捕效果.方法 在28 m3容积的标准测试玻璃间内,BG-home在开启蓝光、不开蓝光2种情况下,分别进行BG-homescent、BG-sweetscent、佛山钱一多诱思达伊蚊专用引诱剂(诱思达)和无引诱剂的蚊虫诱集试验.24 h后观察试验组诱捕蚊虫数、空白对照组的蚊虫死亡数,采用Abbott公式对诱捕率进行校正,评价诱集效果.结果 BG-homescent联合蓝光对白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊平均诱集率分别为94.00％、93.33％和81.27％;无蓝光分别是90.97％、90.00％和75.67％.BG-sweetscent联合蓝光对上述3种蚊虫平均诱集率分别为86.53％、80.67％和70.57％;无蓝光分别是83.50％、76.67％和67.00％.诱思达联合蓝光对上述3种蚊虫平均诱集率分别为88.47％、66.00％和59.67％;无蓝光分别是84.75％、63.33％和52.33％.无诱饵BG-home开启蓝光对上述3种蚊虫平均诱集率分别为38.00％、22.67％和62.33％;无蓝光分别是35.33％、20.00％和22.33％.结论 BG-home使用上述3种引诱剂对白纹伊蚊的诱集效果最好,其次是埃及伊蚊;在无诱饵的情况下使用蓝光后对致倦库蚊的诱集增效显著.模拟试验表明BG-home联合使用诱饵对常见蚊虫,尤其对伊蚊的诱集效果好,可应用于登革热等防控现场的蚊媒监测与防治.

近年来全球登革热等媒介伊蚊传播的新发与再发传染病高发,我国面临的疫情防控形势日益严峻.媒介伊蚊控制是疫情防控的重要手段,随着新时代绿色发展战略要求和人们对生态友好与安全可持续发展的需求,绿色可持续成为媒介伊蚊防控的方向.本文对媒介伊蚊防控所面临的挑战进行了阐述,并对媒介伊蚊绿色治理策略的提出、概念、原则和方法等方面进行了论述,为科学有效防治媒介伊蚊提供参考.

目的 通过模拟试验测试3种蚊虫引诱剂(诱思达引诱剂A、B、C)、不同流量CO2及其组合诱集白纹伊蚊的效果,筛选出最优的组合,为化学信息素监测仪在媒介伊蚊监测现场的应用提供科学依据.方法 用远程控制化学信息素诱蚊监测仪进行诱集试验,在模拟室投放200只白纹伊蚊,分别进行3种蚊虫引诱剂、不同流量CO2、引诱剂与不同流量CO2组合对媒介伊蚊的诱集试验,24 h后观察结果.采用x2检验和logistic回归统计方法,比较分析不同引诱剂、不同流量CO2对白纹伊蚊的诱集效果.结果 CO2流量为80、150和200 ml/min的平均诱集率分别为50.42％、64.67％和74.33％,引诱剂A、B、C的平均诱集率分别为66.40％、70.30％和53.00％.引诱剂A与流量为80、150和200 ml/min的CO2组合诱集率分别为66.67％、67.33％和79.67％,引诱剂B与流量为80、150和200 ml/min的CO2组合诱集率分别为70.67％、78.67％和82.33％.结论 在模拟试验中,远程控制化学信息素诱蚊监测仪组合蚊虫引诱剂与CO2,对白纹伊蚊的诱集效果明显,优于单独使用引诱剂或者CO2.该监测方法可用于媒介伊蚊的现场监测与防治.

目的 探讨超低容量喷雾中杀虫剂药物种类、距离、剂量对杀灭白纹伊蚊野外种群的影响,为指导科学合理使用杀虫药械控制媒介伊蚊提供依据.方法 应用2种背负式超低容量喷雾机和3种杀虫剂对空旷地域不同距离挂笼中白纹伊蚊进行定点喷雾,观察30 min击倒率和24 h死亡率,比较其杀灭距离、有效剂量等.结果 104 g/L氯菊-烯丙菊水乳剂、10％烯丙氯菊水乳剂和5％氯菊四氟醚水乳均10倍稀释,对5～12 m距离白纹伊蚊野外种群都能达到较好的杀灭效果;5 m的喷雾效果均为最好,距离间的喷雾效果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).野外种群的击倒率和死亡率明显低于实验室品系,30 min击倒率野外种群比敏感品系低16.00％～62.96％,24 h死亡率野外种群与实验室敏感品系低22.72％ ～ 88.24％(P＜0.05).结论 超低容量喷雾对已产生抗性的白纹伊蚊野外种群的杀灭效果明显低于试验室品系;不同剂量对杀灭效果有明显影响;为有效控制白纹伊蚊,合理指导用药,可在进行抗药性监测的基础上,进一步开展药物种类和剂量的筛选试验.

目的 了解广东省登革热传播媒介白纹伊蚊成蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性水平,为科学使用杀虫剂、快速控制登革热蚊媒密度提供依据.方法 2016-2019年,选择广东省21个地级市各城区登革热疫点采集白纹伊幼虫,带回实验室饲养;采用国标《蚊虫抗药性检测方法生物测定法》(GB/T 26347-2010)中的诊断剂量法之接触通法进行检测.结果 广东省21个地级市的白纹伊蚊成蚊接触3％氯菊酯、0.4％高效氯氰菊酯、0.1％溴氰菊酯、0.5％高效氯氟氰菊酯、0.2％杀螟硫磷、0.44％马拉硫磷的药膜1h后,其24h死亡率分别为52.2％～92.2％、24.4％～88.0％、34.7％～97.3％、64.4％～100.0％、88.1％～100.0％、84.4％～ 100.0％;对0.4％高效氯氰菊酯、0.1％溴氰菊酯属抗性群体的超过80％,未发现敏感种群;对3％氯菊酯大都属可疑抗性种群;对0.5％高效氯氟氰菊酯属敏感和抗性的分别为14.3％和23.8％;对0.2％杀螟硫磷、0.44％马拉硫磷属敏感种群和可疑种群分别为约60％和30％.结论 广东省各地级市白纹伊蚊成蚊对菊酯类杀剂大多呈现抗性和可疑抗性,对有机磷杀虫剂多为敏感或接近敏感.白纹伊蚊的防制应坚持综合防制的原则,科学合理使用杀虫剂.

目的 了解新冠肺炎流行期间广州市内公共场所及密切接触者集中隔离医学观察场所的新冠病毒污染状况.方法 采用现场采样和核酸检测方法,对广州市内公用设施、交通工具、病家和密切接触者集中隔离医学观察场所等进行采样和检测.结果 共选择121个采样点采集不同对象标本2 233份,检出新冠病毒核酸阳性4份,检出率为0.18％.新冠病毒核酸阳性标本均来自密切接触者集中隔离医学观察场所内的高频手部接触部位与空调风口.结论 新冠肺炎流行期间广州市内公共场所、社区环境物体表面未出现被新冠病毒污染的情况,只在密切接触者集中隔离场所存在新冠病毒污染.

目的 研究广东省雷州市乌石镇的埃及伊蚊与广东省各地白纹伊蚊的种间竞争,评估埃及伊蚊的扩散能力.方法 2017年3-8月,将捕自乌石镇的埃及伊蚊与广东省各地白纹伊蚊2龄幼虫各100条在养蚊室混合人工饲养,羽化18d后,用电动吸蚊器吸取成蚊进行分类,计数,并收集所有蚊卵,放入水中进行下一世代混养,共进行6个世代的混合饲养,通过数量的多少比较不同蚊种的竞争能力.结果 每批蚊虫首先羽化的蚊种是埃及伊蚊,白纹伊蚊的羽化要晚3d以上.雷州市乌石镇的埃及伊蚊数量在每个世代均多于本镇的白纹伊蚊平均数量和梅州市的白纹伊蚊数量;有5个世代比茂名市的白纹伊蚊多,1个世代少;有4个世代比雷州市企水镇、韶关和深圳市白纹伊蚊数量多,2个世代少;有2个世代比湛江市的白纹伊蚊多,4个世代少;有1个世代比广州市的白纹伊蚊多,5个世代少.结论 雷州市乌石镇埃及伊蚊对广东省梅州、茂名、韶关和深圳市等地的白纹伊蚊具有较强的竞争力.

目的 分析广东省各地市媒介伊蚊监测管理模式与机制情况,查找现行模式存在的问题,明确下一步需要加强的方面.方法 编制统一的调研提纲,进行问卷调查,收集材料和数据进行分析.结果 广东省21个地市均开展了伊蚊监测,各级疾控、基层医疗机构参与比例为100 ％,爱卫部门、村(居)委会、有害生物防治公司(PCO)参与比例分别为4.76％、14.29％、14.29％.伊蚊防控主要由爱卫部门、镇街行政部门和基层医疗机构执行,占100％;此外,有村(居)委会、PCO公司参与的地市比例分别为28.57 ％、14.29 ％.本调查共统计全省从事病媒防治专业人员244人,30 ～ 50岁年龄段最多,占68.4％;初级及以下最多,占57.79％;本科学历人数最多,占51.23 ％;专职人数14.34％,兼职人数85.66％.17个市疾控可独立开展抗药性试验,占80.95 ％.结论 目前运行模式还存在一些问题,下一步需要加强基层经费投入、健全专业队伍、适当引入第三方有偿服务、提高数据科学性及数据共享等方面.

目的 了解深圳市各种市政管网沙井口的蚊虫孳生现状,为城镇蚊媒的防控提供依据.方法 调查深圳市新城区、老城区和城中村有代表性街道的市政管网各种沙井口的积水情况、蚊虫孳生率与密度,以500 ml孑孓勺捕捞幼虫计算密度(条/勺).结果 2017年11月共调查各种市政管网沙井口508个,蚊虫孳生的平均阳性率为4.7％,其中伊蚊的孳生阳性率为3.3％;防蚊贴(四防设施,包括防蚊闸、防蚊纱网等)的安装率为27.4％,维护完整率为76.3％.阳性沙井口中未安装防蚊贴(四防设施)的占83.3％,阳性沙井的幼虫最高密度为43条/勺,最低密度为1条/勺.供水沙井、沉沙井和市政排污井的阳性率较高,分别为5.9％、5.7％和5.5％.沉沙井、市政排污井和市政排雨水井的调查数构成比及阳性构成比较大,此3类沙井口占总调查数的84.8％,占阳性沙井数的87.5％.燃气、通讯、供电等沙井口均未发现有蚊虫孳生.结论 四防设施有利于减少下水道蚊虫的孳生;沉沙井、市政排污井和市政排雨水井是城市市政管网中蚊虫重要的孳生环境,防蚊贴(四防设施)能有效减少市政地下管网中蚊虫的孳生.

目的 通过统一、规范的监测方法,掌握广东省白纹伊蚊种群密度及季节消长情况,为伊蚊媒介传染病的预警预测提供科学依据.方法 2007-2017年,在广东省采用布雷图指数(BI)法、诱蚊诱卵器指数(MOI)和诱蚊灯法3种方法 对白纹伊蚊密度进行监测.结果 BI法监测伊蚊幼蚊密度,共调查9 506 102户,BI均值为2.94;MOI法监测伊蚊成蚊密度,共布放有效诱蚊诱卵器1 428 078个,MOI均值为4.98;诱蚊灯法监测伊蚊成蚊密度,共布放有效诱蚊灯82 019盏,伊蚊平均密度为0.21只/(灯·夜).经方差分析和Bonferroni两两比较,BI法在不同环境的监测结果差异有统计学意义(F=69.158,P＜0.01),MOI和诱蚊灯法在不同环境的监测结果差异无统计学意义(F=1.642,P=0.174;F=1.973,P=0.081).3种监测方法结果表明,夏、秋两季的伊蚊密度高于冬、春两季.结论 广东省全年均有白纹伊蚊,不同年份、不同季节种群密度不同,应根据具体情况采取针对性的措施对其进行防控.监测方法在不同环境中的敏感度不同,应根据监测环境选择.

In 2015, an unexpected multiple outbreak of dengue occurred in Guangdong, China. In total, 1,699 cases were reported, of which 1,627 cases were verified to have DENV infections by nucleic acid or NS1 protein, including 44 DENV-1, 1126 DENV-2, 18 DENV-3 and 6 DENV-4, and the other cases were confirmed by NS1 ELISA. Phylogenetic analyses of DENV-1 isolates identified two genotypes (I and V). The predominant DENV-2 outbreak isolates were the Cosmopolitan genotypes, which likely originated from Malaysia. The DENV-3 isolates were assigned into genotype I and genotype III. All 6 DENV-4 isolates from imported cases were likely originally from Cambodia, Thailand and the Philippines. The entomological surveillance showed a moderate risk for the BI index in Chaozhou and Foshan and a low risk in Guangzhou. The imported cases were mostly detected in Guangzhou and Foshan. Surprisingly, the most serious outbreak occurred in Chaozhou, but not in Guangzhou or Foshan. A combined analyses demonstrated the multiple geographical origins of this outbreak, and highlight the detection of suspected cases after the alerting of imported cases, early implementation of control policies and reinforce the vector surveillance strategies were the key points in the chain of prevention and control of dengue epidemics.

目的 探索大型车载超低容量喷雾机在登革热疫情防控中的应用.方法 应用大型车载超低容量喷雾机对空旷地域不同距离挂笼中白纹伊蚊进行定点喷雾,研究其有效灭蚊距离;模拟大型绿化带喷雾实验,探索大型车载超低容量喷雾机药物渗透能力;现场绿地灭蚊喷雾实验,验证大型车载超低容量喷雾机在登革热疫情应急处置中的灭蚊效果.结果 大型车载超低容量喷雾机有效灭蚊距离可以达到50 m;绿植有效渗透距离为20 m;现场灭蚊率为100％.结论 大型车载超低容量喷雾机具有快速、有效杀灭空旷地域或绿植中伊蚊的能力,在登革热疫情防控中具有重要的作用.

Objective Application of insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation for dengue mosquito vector control to explore rapid and long-term effective control means for dengue mosquito vector control in the urban communities.Methods From June to September of 2015,the phoenix garden of Shaoguan city in Guangdong province was selected as the test site,comparing the effectiveness of barrier spray on vegetation technology to kill the dengue vector mosquito with the ultra low volume spraying.Results The insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation showed quick kill effect,and continuous control effect on Aedes albopictus,reducing mosquito lure egg apparatus index (MOI) lure under 5 for 2 to 4 weeks,the duration of the MOI under 10 for 3 to 6 weeks,the duration of the effective control of mosquito density for 6 to 7 weeks.Pesticide resistance was not detected.Conclusion Insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation can effectively control dengue mosquito vector density more than one month.Compared with ultra-low volume spraying,insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation reduced the cost by 37.50％,saved on-site manpower,pesticides and time,had a positive impact on dengue fever outbreak control in urban communities.

目的 掌握广东省白纹伊蚊季节消长情况,为媒介伊蚊防控工作提供科学依据.方法 白纹伊蚊幼蚊密度监测采用布雷图法,成蚊密度监测采用诱蚊诱卵器法.结果 广东省2015年总体BI值为7.3,总体MOI值为7.4.4月份伊蚊密度开始上升,总体BI值6.5,总体MOI值2.5;8-9月份密度最高,最高总体BI值8.4,最高总体MOI值15.2;11月份密度回落,总体BI值6.2,总体MOI值4.7.结论 白纹伊蚊成蚊和幼蚊密度监测同时开展,能较客观得到当地白纹伊蚊密度的情况.布雷图法和诱蚊诱卵器法是目前应用和效果较好的白纹伊蚊密度监测方法.

Objective To investigate the resistance status of Aedes albopictus to used insecticides in the late stage of dengue fever emergency control of Guangdong province in 2014,and learn how to prevent the development of resistance.Methods From the end of October to the beginning of November 2014,larve of Ae.albopictus were collected in epidemic regions in Haizhu and Baiyun district of Guangzhou city,Chancheng and Nanhai district of Foshan city,Chaoyang district of Shantou city,Chao'an district of Chaozhou and Rongcheng district of Jieyang city,and were reared about 1 to 2 generations in the lab,then were tested along with the susceptible larvae according to the methods of national standard "Test Methods of mosquito resistance to insecticides-bioassay methods" (GB/T 26347-2010) to calculate LC50 and resistance index.Results Aedes albopictus of all tested regions had low resistance to temephos and propoxur,the resistant index was 4.92-8.33 and 2.35-6.23 fold respectively.The resistantce to permethrin,beta cypermethrin,deltamethrin resistance were 3.53-31.29 fold,8.35-38.69 fold,and 2.63-37.04 fold respectively.Of pyrethroid insecticides,Guangzhou city have reached the high level resistance mostly,Foshan city,Chaozhou city mostly low level of resistance,Jieyang city for low level of resistance,Shantou city mostly above the moderate level of resistance against cypermethrin.Aedes albopictus from some cities also have developed resistance to other insecticides in different levels.Conclusion Resistance of Ae.albopictus in the dengue epidemic cities in Guangdong increased very quick to the used insecticides.The control of Ae.albopictus should adhere to the principle of sustainable and integrated management to prevent or delay the development of resistance.

Objective To study the efficacy for mosquito control and residual effect of different pesticides by artificial simulation as barrier spray on vegetation.Methods Using insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation technology,Scheffleraoctophylla were sprayed separately by 2.5％ effective chloric fluorine with ester millirod suspending agent (Demand),10％ alpha-cyperrnethrin (Fendona) and 10.4％ chlorine chrysanthemum-allyl chrysanthemum water emulsion (alpha-cypermethrin).Then they were moved to an outdoor tent.A total of 30 female Aedes albopictus were put into every tent weekly.One rat and four mosquito oviposition device were introduced into every tent after 24 h,then collected mosquito eggs after 3 d,and recorded survived mosquitoes.Results 2.5％ effective chloric fluorine with ester millirod suspending agent remained effective for more than 21 weeks,10％ alpha-cypermethrin for 9 weeks,and 10.4％ chlorine chrysanthemum-allyl chrysanthemum water emulsion had no residual effect.The maximum of weekly counts for survivors was 4,15 and 21 respectively.The median was 1,5 and 7.Conclusion Both 2.5％ effective chloric fluorine with ester millirod suspending agent and 10％ alpha-cypermethrin have good mosquito killing and residual effect by using insecticidal barrier spray on vegetation,2.5％ effective chloric fluorine with ester millirod even better.