Guangxi Bama miniature pigs are a highly inbred population developed from Bama Xiang pigs and exhibit a stable "two-end black" skin phenotype, making them a useful model for studying regional skin pigmentation. However, the developmental timing and molecular basis of this color difference remain unclear. In this study, black and white skin samples were collected from the posterior head/neck region at six developmental stages: embryonic days 65, 90, and 105, birth, and postnatal days 30 and 180. Histological examination and strand-specific RNA sequencing showed that developmental stage was the major factor shaping skin gene expression, whereas black-white skin differences varied across stages. Transcriptomic differences were already detectable at embryonic day 65, although visible regional differences were not obvious. Pigmentation-associated genes, including DCT, SLC24A5, TRPM1, and TYRP1, showed black-skin-biased expression during embryonic development, especially at embryonic day 105. Histological analysis also revealed progressive skin maturation and qualitative differences in darkly stained structures between black and white skin. These findings suggest that molecular differences between black and white skin emerge during embryonic development and persist after birth, providing resources and candidate genes for studying regional pigmentation in Bama miniature pigs.

Background:Serum biochemical parameters are crucial indicators of animal health and metabolism, providing valuable insights into nutritional and physiological status. Methods:To investigate the correlations among serum biochemical indicators, growth traits, and gut microbiota, a total of 274 Large White pigs (124 boars and 150 sows) were selected as experimental subjects in this study. At the early fattening stage (80 days of age), blood samples and fecal samples were collected from all pigs. Five key serum biochemical parameters (Glu, LDH, HDL-C, LDL-C, sCr) and fecal microbial diversity were measured. Additionally, the main economic traits of the pigs were measured following the standard evaluation criteria for swine production performance. Results and discussion:Results showed that serum creatinine (sCr) was negatively correlated with residual feed intake (RFI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and backfat thickness (r = -0.13 to -0.25, p < 0.05), but positively correlated with loin muscle area (r = 0.13, p < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was negatively correlated with FCR (r = -0.24, p < 0.05) and RFI (r = -0.26, p < 0.05). At the genus level, LDH was positively correlated with Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Desulfovibrio, and negatively correlated with Fibrobacter. Meanwhile, sCr showed positive correlations with Treponema and CF231, and negative correlations with Subdoligranulum, Eubacterium, and Dorea. These genera may serve as microbial biomarkers for sCr and LDH levels. Our findings provide valuable insights for early-stage breeding selection and further research into blood biochemical indicators in pigs.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary magnesium hydride (MgH₂) on growth performance, intestinal function, and gut microbiota in piglets. Twenty-four piglets (31 days old; initial body weight 9.77 ± 0.67 kg) were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 6) for 14 days: a basal diet (CTRL) or diets supplemented with 300 (LMGH), 900 (HMGH), or 2700 mg/kg (UMGH) MgH₂. Compared with CTRL, LMGH increased average daily gain (P < 0.05), while LMGH and HMGH reduced the feed-to-gain ratio (P < 0.05). Both treatments enhanced antioxidant capacity and attenuated inflammatory responses. Ileal morphology was improved, as indicated by increased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (P < 0.05), and expression of MPO, NF-κB p65, Nrf2, and PCNA in ileal tissue based on immunofluorescence results was reduced (P < 0.05) by MgH₂ supplementation. Microbiota analysis showed that HMGH altered β-diversity, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), and reduced potential pathogens (e.g., Peptostreptococcus). Transcriptomic analysis identified 96 upregulated and 189 downregulated genes enriched in IL-17 and PPAR signaling pathways in the ileum. Microbial changes were significantly correlated with genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Overall, MgH₂ improved growth performance and intestinal health, supporting its application as a functional feed additive in piglets.

BackgroundEarly-life nutritional interventions are pivotal for promoting piglet growth and health, particularly in reducing weaning-associated disorders.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of early-life Lactobacillus reuteri (L.reuteri) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, ileal metabolites, and barrier function in suckling piglets. Neonatal piglets were administered L.reuteri for either 3 or 7 days post-birth.Results and discussionResults indicated that L.reuteri supplementation significantly increased weaning weight and average daily gain (ADG) while markedly reducing diarrhea incidence. Immune and antioxidant capacities were enhanced, evidenced by elevated serum and ileal IgG, IL-4, IL-10, T-SOD, T-AOC, and GSH-Px levels, alongside decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and MDA. Histological analysis revealed improved intestinal architecture, characterized by increased ileal villus height and reduced crypt depth. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses showed that L.reuteri reshaped the gut microbiota by expanding beneficial Lactobacillus species and suppressing potential pathogens (Streptococcus, Pasteurellaceae), while modulating ileal metabolites involved in amino acid and energy metabolism. Multi-omics integration highlighted coordinated interactions between microbial composition and metabolites linked to improved health outcomes. Furthermore, the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-3, ZO-1) and mucins (MUC-1, MUC-2) was significantly upregulated, indicating strengthened intestinal barrier integrity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that early-life intervention with L.reuteri confers comprehensive benefits on suckling piglet health through immune enhancement, antioxidant protection, microbiota remodeling, metabolic regulation, and barrier reinforcement, supporting its potential as a practical strategy to improve early-life resilience and mitigate weaning-associated disorders in swine production.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most severe swine diseases in the pig industry. The identification of biomarkers for PRRSV infection is valuable for controlling, eliminating, and treating PRRSV. This study utilized the ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolite profiling platform to identify differential metabolites in exosomes between the control and NADC30-like PRRSV strain infected pigs. Using multivariate analysis combined with univariate analysis, unsupervised principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were constructed between the groups. A total of 41 differential metabolites were detected, with 14 upregulated and 27 downregulated metabolites with PRRSV infection. MetaboAnalyst and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to identify potentially relevant significant pathways, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to quantify the predictive performance of differential metabolites. The results indicated that tryptophan-related L-kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and D (+)-tryptophan significantly increased among PRRSV infected groups, which may play an important role in the progression of PRRSV infection. Metabolites related to amino acid synthesis and metabolism, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol Lysopcs and phosphatidylcholines may also contribute to the lack of immune protection in piglets after PRRSV infection. Moreover, L-kynurenine and taurocholic acid may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis or drug targeting of PRRSV. Overall, these findings provide an important reference to our understanding of PRRS pathogenesis and immune or protective responses during PRRSV acute infection in the host.

Shotgun metagenomics has become a pivotal technology in microbiome research, enabling in-depth analysis of microbial communities at both the high-resolution taxonomic and functional levels. This approach provides valuable insights of microbial diversity, interactions, and their roles in health and disease. However, the complexity of data processing and the need for reproducibility pose significant challenges to researchers. To address these challenges, we developed EasyMetagenome, a user-friendly pipeline that supports multiple analysis methods, including quality control and host removal, read-based, assembly-based, and binning, along with advanced genome analysis. The pipeline also features customizable settings, comprehensive data visualizations, and detailed parameter explanations, ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of data scenarios. Looking forward, we aim to refine the pipeline by addressing host contamination issues, optimizing workflows for third-generation sequencing data, and integrating emerging technologies like deep learning and network analysis, to further enhance microbiome insights and data accuracy. EasyMetageonome is freely available at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome.

Improving feed efficiency (FE) is essential for enhancing productivity, reducing production costs, and minimizing environmental impacts in the swine industry. Fecal microbiota and their metabolites play important roles in nutrient metabolism and energy utilization. This study aimed to investigate the fecal microbiota and associated metabolites in pigs with divergent feed conversion ratios (FCR). Fecal samples were collected from 20 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) commercial pigs exhibiting extremely high (HFCR, n = 10) and low (LFCR, n = 10) FCR for analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The microbiota analysis revealed significantly higher abundances of Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Akkermansia, and Eubacterium in LFCR pigs (p < 0.05), while pathogenic bacteria predominated in HFCR pigs (p < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomics identified significant variations in metabolites involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and primary bile acid metabolism between the two groups (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis further demonstrated significant positive correlations between Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and [Eubacterium]_coprostanogenes_group with bile acid metabolites, as well as between Akkermansia and steroid hormone synthesis (p < 0.05). These findings suggest a potential role for specific microbes and metabolites that are associated with feed efficiency, and warrant validation in pig feeding trials and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

This study investigated the effects of dietary lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and inflammation in weaned piglets. Twenty-one weaned pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 d of age, initial body weight [IBW] = 7.70 ± 0.25 kg, n = 7 per group) were assigned to one of three dietary treatments: a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% lemongrass (LCC), or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% lemongrass (HCC). The trial lasted for 28 d. Multi-omics approaches, including microbiomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that dietary lemongrass improved growth performance and intestinal morphology (P < 0.001). Microbiota profiling revealed that lemongrass increased the beta diversity of gut bacteria and fungi in the ileal content. Notably, dietary lemongrass enhanced the relative abundances of beneficial microbiotas such as Lactobacillus reuteri (P = 0.045), Weissella paramesenteroides (P = 0.047), and Kazachstania slooffiae (P = 0.037). In addition, lemongrass enhanced amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways in the ileum, as evidenced by changes in related metabolite contents. Transcriptomic analysis further identified the up-regulation of genes associated with nutrient metabolism and immune signaling. Correlation analysis highlighted strong associations among microbial composition, metabolite abundance, and gene expression related to nutrient metabolism. These effects were further supported by reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in both serum and ileal tissue (P < 0.001), accompanied by enhanced lipase (P = 0.004) and trypsin (P = 0.002) activities. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary lemongrass improves growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive function, inflammatory status, and microbiota composition, suggesting its potential as a promising natural alternative to antibiotics.

Obesity, a key contributor to metabolic disorders, necessitates an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis and prerequisites for prevention. Guangxi Bama miniature pig (GBM) offers an apt model for obesity-related studies. In this research, we used transcriptomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to discern the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within intestinal (jejunum, ileum, and colon) tissues and variations in microbial communities in intestinal contents of GBM subjected to normal diets (ND) and high-fat, high-carbohydrate diets (HFHCD). After a feeding duration of 26 weeks, the HFHCD-fed experimental group demonstrated notable increases in backfat thickness, BMI, abnormal blood glucose metabolism, and blood lipid levels alongside the escalated serum expression of pro-inflammatory factors and a marked decline in intestinal health status when compared to the ND group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 1669 DEGs, of which 27 had similar differences in three intestinal segments across different groups, including five immune related genes: COL6A6, CYP1A1, EIF2AK2, NMI, and LGALS3B. Further, we found significant changes in the microbiota composition, with a significant decrease in beneficial bacterial populations within the HFHCD group. Finally, the results of integrated analysis of microbial diversity with transcriptomics show a positive link between certain microbial abundance (Solibacillus, norank_f__Saccharimonadaceae, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and unclassified_f__Butyricicoccaceae) and changes in gene expression (COL6A6 and NMI). Overall, HFHCD appears to co-contribute to the initiation and progression of obesity in GBM by aggravating inflammatory responses, disrupting immune homeostasis, and creating imbalances in intestinal flora.

The meat production traits of pigs are influenced by the expression regulation of multiple gene types, including mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. To study the differences in meat production traits at the transcriptional level among individuals with different growth rates, the longissimus dorsi samples from eight Duroc × Bama Xiang F2 crossbred pigs with a fast growth rate (high gTroup) or a slow growth rate (low group) were selected to perform whole transcriptome sequencing and ceRNA regulatory network construction. This study first analyzed the differences in physiological and biochemical indicators, muscle histological characteristics, and muscle fiber types. A total of 248 mRNAs, 25 miRNAs, and 432 lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed by whole transcriptome sequencing. Key genes that may influence meat production traits include MTMR14, PPP1R3A, PYGM, PGAM2, MYH1, and MYH7. The ceRNA regulatory network map showed that ENSSSCG00000042061-ssc-mir-208b-MYH7, ENSSSCG00000042223-ssc-mir-146a-MTMR14, ENSSSCG00000045539-ssc-mir-9-3-MYH1, and ENSSSCG00000047852-ssc-mir-103-1-PPP1R3A may be the key factors affecting meat production traits through their regulatory relationships. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine muscle development and can aid in improving meat production traits.

Probiotics can improve animal growth performance and intestinal health. However, understanding the effects of paraprobiotics on the growth performance and gut microbiota of piglets and how the paraprobiotics exert their impact are still limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus IFFI 6005 supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of piglets. First, a feed-additive sample of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus IFFI 6005 was prepared by culture. Second, 96 (initial BW = 14.38 ± 0.67 kg, weaning age of 40 days) healthy piglets were selected and randomized into four treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of three replicates (n = 8). Pigs were fed a basal diet (NC), basal diet plus antibiotics (PC), basal diet plus Lactobacillus acidophilus IFFI 6005 at 600 g/t (LA, 1.0 × 1010 cfu/g), and basal diet plus heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus IFFI 6005 at 600 g/t (HKLA), respectively; the trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the ratios of feed to gain (F:G) and diarrhea rate of both the HKLA and PC groups were significantly lower compared with the NC and LA groups (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the HKLA and PC group (p > 0.05). In addition, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of the HKLA group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the other three groups in terms of growth performance. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolome analysis based on fecal samples further elaborated that the addition of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus IFFI 6005 to the feed improved the intestinal microbial diversity and abundance (p < 0.05) and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (p < 0.05), but it did not affect the abundance of Lactobacillus (p > 0.05). Through the comparison of microbial abundance and metabolite content between the two groups (NC_vs_HKLA), the largest differences were found in six microorganisms and 10 metabolites in the intestine (p < 0.05). These differential metabolites were involved in the digestion, absorption and utilization of protein and starch, as well as in oxidative stress. In summary, addition of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus IFFI 6005 as a new feed additive in piglets has beneficial effects on the growth performance, intestinal bacteria and metabolites, and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics.

With the rapid development of intensive animal husbandry in the livestock industry, large quantities of manure waste containing phytate phosphorus are being generated. Phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the feces of monogastric animals. Enviropig, which produces phytase in the salivary glands and secretes the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated in 1999. However, phytase is easily inactivated during digestion. To address this problem, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were generated using handmade cloning in this study. Transgene construction was improved and three cell lines carrying Cafp were obtained. In total, 810 blastocysts were generated and 712 good-quality were transferred into six recipients. Fourteen piglets were born, of which six survived after weaning. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results showed that seven (three live and four dead) of the fourteen piglets carried Cafp. Phytase activity in the saliva of the six live cloned pigs was tested at four months of age, and only one pig had 0.155 FTU/mL enzyme activity. The other five pigs may not have been activated in the transgenic parotid gland. Among all the transgenic pigs, the highest phosphorus digestion rate was 59.2% of intake, representing a 25.4% decrease in fecal emission compared to the average of controls. Immunohistochemical results on the three Cafp-positive pigs that died after six months of age showed that the transgene was only expressed in parotid glands, confirming tissue-specific gene expression. In conclusion, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were successfully produced through handmade cloning. The cloned pigs offer a unique biological approach to managing phosphorus nutrition and environmental pollution in animal husbandry.

The process of muscle growth directly affects the yield and quality of pork food products. Muscle fibers are created during the embryonic stage, grow following birth, and regenerate during adulthood; these are all considered to be phases of muscle development. A multilevel network of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and pathway levels controls this process. An integrated toolbox of genetics and genomics as well as the use of genomics techniques has been used in the past to attempt to understand the molecular processes behind skeletal muscle growth and development in pigs under divergent selection processes. A class of endogenous noncoding RNAs have a major regulatory function in myogenesis. But the precise function of miRNA-423-5p in muscle development and the related molecular pathways remain largely unknown. Using target prediction software, initially, the potential target genes of miR-423-5p in the Guangxi Bama miniature pig line were identified using various selection criteria for skeletal muscle growth and development. The serum response factor (SRF) was found to be one of the potential target genes, and the two are negatively correlated, suggesting that there may be targeted interactions. In addition to being strongly expressed in swine skeletal muscle, miR-423-5p was also up-regulated during C2C12 cell development. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-423-5p significantly reduced the expression of myogenin and the myogenic differentiation antigen (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-423-5p led to a significant reduction in SRF expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-423-5p down-regulated the luciferase activities of report vectors carrying the 3′ UTR of porcine SRF, confirming that SRF is a target gene of miR-423-5p. Taken together, miR-423-5p’s involvement in skeletal muscle differentiation may be through the regulation of SRF.

Adipose tissue is an organ with metabolic, endocrine and immune functions, affecting the life span of animals and their susceptibility to diseases. Previous studies have reported the relationship between many miRNAs and the development of adipose tissue. However, the regulation of miR-455-5p on the development of porcine adipose has not been reported. In this study, we used the dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue of Guangxi Bama mini-pigs and Landrace pigs as experimental materials to study the regulatory mechanism of miRNA-455-5p and its target gene IGF-1R involved in the development of adipose tissue. Bioinformatic analysis with Targetscan predicted that IGF-1R might be a target gene of miRNA-455-5p. Moreover, mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were transfected with chemically modified mimics and inhibitors to observe the expression of miR-455-5p and IGF-1R genes from 0 to 8 days after transfection. And the expression of adipogenic marker genes PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha was examined. Additionally, the miRNA-455-5p may be involved in the negative regulation of adipose tissue development by inhibiting the expression of its target gene IGF-1R. These results provide a theoretical basis for increasing pork production and provide a new potential target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.

The average daily weight gain (ADG) is considered a crucial indicator for assessing growth rates in the swine industry. Therefore, investigating the gastrointestinal microbiota and serum metabolites influencing the ADG in pigs is pivotal for swine breed selection. This study involved the inclusion of 350 purebred Yorkshire pigs (age: 90 ± 2 days; body weight: 41.20 ± 4.60 kg). Concurrently, serum and fecal samples were collected during initial measurements of blood and serum indices. The pigs were categorized based on their ADG, with 27 male pigs divided into high-ADG (HADG) and low-ADG (LADG) groups based on their phenotype values. There were 12 pigs in LADG and 15 pigs in HADG. Feces and serum samples were collected on the 90th day. Microbiome and non-targeted metabolomics analyses were conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Pearson correlation, with Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) adjustment, was employed to assess the associations between these variables. The abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella in LADG was significantly higher than in HADG, while Erysipelothrix, Streptomyces, Dubosiella, Parolsenella, and Adlercreutzia in LADG were significantly lower than in HADG. The concentration of glutamine, etiocholanolone glucuronide, and retinoyl beta-glucuronide in LADG was significantly higher than in HADG, while arachidonic acid, allocholic acid, oleic acid, phenylalanine, and methyltestosterone in LADG were significantly lower than in HADG. The Lactobacillus–Streptomyces networks (Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, methyltestosterone, phenylalanine, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, glutamine, 3-ketosphingosine, L-octanoylcarnitine, camylofin, 4-guanidinobutyrate 3-methylcyclopentadecanone) were identified as the most influential at regulating swine weight gain. These findings suggest that the gastrointestinal tract regulates the daily weight gain of pigs through the network of Lactobacillus and Streptomyces. However, this study was limited to fecal and serum samples from growing and fattening boars. A comprehensive consideration of factors affecting the daily weight gain in pig production, including gender, parity, season, and breed, is warranted.

Selenium is among the important trace elements that influence the quality of meat. Although it has been established that the gut microbiota is closely associated with selenium metabolism, it has yet to be determined whether these microbes influence the accumulation of selenium in muscles. To identify gut microbiota that potentially influence the deposition of selenium in muscles, we compared the colonic microbial composition of pigs characterized by high and low contents of selenium in the longissimus dorsi muscle and accordingly detected a higher abundance of the bacterium Prevotella copri (P. copri) in pigs with a higher muscle selenium content. To verify the effect of P. copri, 16 pigs weighing approximately 61 kg were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with P. copri (1.0 × 1010 CFU/kg feed) for 45 days. The results revealed significant increases in the contents of selenium and selenoprotein in the serum and longissimus dorsi muscle of fattening pigs fed the P. copri–supplemented diet. Moreover, supplementing the feed of pigs with P. copri was observed to promote significant improvement in the antioxidant capacity and quality of meat, including drip loss, pH, and meat color. In conclusion, our findings in this study indicate that P. copri has potential utility as a dietary supplement for improving the selenium status and meat quality in fattening pigs.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis and function of selenoproteins, most of which are enzymes involved in maintaining oxidative balance in the body. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of diabetes research with an emphasis on the roles of selenoproteins on metabolic disturbance in diabetes. We also discuss the interaction between selenoproteins and glucose and lipid metabolism to provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

MiR-486-5p has been identified as a crucial regulator of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which plays a significant role in skeletal muscle development. Its host gene, sANK1, is also essential for skeletal muscle development. However, the understanding of porcine miR-486-5p and sANK1 has been limited. In this study, PCR analyses revealed a positive correlation between the expression of miR-486-5p and sANK1 in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the Bama mini-pig and Landrace-pig, as well as during myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, the expression of miR-486-5p/sANK1 was higher in the Bama mini-pig compared to the Landrace-pig. There was a total of 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the sANK1 promoter region. Among these SNPs, 14 of them resulted in alterations in transcription factor binding sites (TFBs). Additionally, the promoter fluorescence assay demonstrated that the activity of the sANK1 promoter derived from the Bama mini-pig was significantly higher compared to Landrace-pig. It is worth noting that ten regulatory SNPs have the potential to influence the activity of the sANK1 promoter. A nuclear mutation A-G located at position − 401 (relative to the transcription start site) in the Bama mini-pig was identified, which creates a putative TFB motif for MyoD. The findings presented in this study offer fundamental molecular knowledge and expression patterns of miR-486-5p/sANK1, which can be valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of the gene’s involvement in porcine skeletal muscle development, and meat quality.

本文对不同饲料利用效率大白猪的肉质性状进行测定,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR检测背最长肌和皮下脂肪中与肉质、脂肪沉积性状相关基因的转录水平,分析FASN和PPARγ基因表达量与肉质性状的相关性,结果表明:不同饲料利用效率大白猪肉品质中pH24h值为 5.63～5.81;L24h值为 48.43～50.02;b24h值为6.90～7.82;48 h滴水损失为 3.62～3.99;肌内脂肪为 1.59～2.21.实时荧光定量PCR测定结果显示,在不同饲料利用效率大白猪背最长肌中,PPARγ和FASN基因的mRNA表达水平分别为差异显著和极显著,二者与肌内脂肪含量呈正相关;肉质性状相关性分析及肉质性状与基因表达量相关性分析中,高饲料利用效率(High Feed Efficiency,HFE)大白猪的肉色L值与pH值呈显著负相关;HFE大白猪背最长肌中FASN基因mRNA表达量与L值呈显著正相关,在低饲料利用效率(Low Feed Efficiency,LFE)大白猪背最长肌中PPARγ基因mRNA表达量与L值呈极显著正相关.

为探究NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 6(NLRP6)在广西巴马小型猪的蛋白结构和组织表达水平,本实验以巴马小型猪为材料,通过克隆获取了NLRP6的CDS序列全长,并进行生物信息学和组织表达谱分析,同时采用qRT-PCR分析NLRP6基因在不同组织的表达分布情况.结果显示,NLRP6基因的CDS序列全长为 2640 bp,编码 879 个氨基酸.生物信息学分析表明,NLRP6 蛋白分子式预测为C4294H6958N1234O1272S37,等电点为 8.12,为亲水性碱性蛋白质.经氨基酸序列比对和物种进化树分析发现,广西巴马小型猪NLRP6基因与猪的遗传距离最近,其次是牛,与小鼠的遗传距离最远.qRT-PCR结果表明,NLRP6基因在肾脏组织表达最高,同时在小肠部位具有很高的表达水平,但在心脏和肌肉组织中表达量极低.本研究结果为进一步研究猪NLRP6基因提供了理论参考.