Improving feed efficiency (FE) is essential for enhancing productivity, reducing production costs, and minimizing environmental impacts in the swine industry. Fecal microbiota and their metabolites play important roles in nutrient metabolism and energy utilization. This study aimed to investigate the fecal microbiota and associated metabolites in pigs with divergent feed conversion ratios (FCR). Fecal samples were collected from 20 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) commercial pigs exhibiting extremely high (HFCR, n = 10) and low (LFCR, n = 10) FCR for analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The microbiota analysis revealed significantly higher abundances of Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Akkermansia, and Eubacterium in LFCR pigs (p < 0.05), while pathogenic bacteria predominated in HFCR pigs (p < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomics identified significant variations in metabolites involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and primary bile acid metabolism between the two groups (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis further demonstrated significant positive correlations between Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and [Eubacterium]_coprostanogenes_group with bile acid metabolites, as well as between Akkermansia and steroid hormone synthesis (p < 0.05). These findings suggest a potential role for specific microbes and metabolites that are associated with feed efficiency, and warrant validation in pig feeding trials and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

The meat production traits of pigs are influenced by the expression regulation of multiple gene types, including mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. To study the differences in meat production traits at the transcriptional level among individuals with different growth rates, the longissimus dorsi samples from eight Duroc × Bama Xiang F2 crossbred pigs with a fast growth rate (high gTroup) or a slow growth rate (low group) were selected to perform whole transcriptome sequencing and ceRNA regulatory network construction. This study first analyzed the differences in physiological and biochemical indicators, muscle histological characteristics, and muscle fiber types. A total of 248 mRNAs, 25 miRNAs, and 432 lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed by whole transcriptome sequencing. Key genes that may influence meat production traits include MTMR14, PPP1R3A, PYGM, PGAM2, MYH1, and MYH7. The ceRNA regulatory network map showed that ENSSSCG00000042061-ssc-mir-208b-MYH7, ENSSSCG00000042223-ssc-mir-146a-MTMR14, ENSSSCG00000045539-ssc-mir-9-3-MYH1, and ENSSSCG00000047852-ssc-mir-103-1-PPP1R3A may be the key factors affecting meat production traits through their regulatory relationships. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine muscle development and can aid in improving meat production traits.

The average daily weight gain (ADG) is considered a crucial indicator for assessing growth rates in the swine industry. Therefore, investigating the gastrointestinal microbiota and serum metabolites influencing the ADG in pigs is pivotal for swine breed selection. This study involved the inclusion of 350 purebred Yorkshire pigs (age: 90 ± 2 days; body weight: 41.20 ± 4.60 kg). Concurrently, serum and fecal samples were collected during initial measurements of blood and serum indices. The pigs were categorized based on their ADG, with 27 male pigs divided into high-ADG (HADG) and low-ADG (LADG) groups based on their phenotype values. There were 12 pigs in LADG and 15 pigs in HADG. Feces and serum samples were collected on the 90th day. Microbiome and non-targeted metabolomics analyses were conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Pearson correlation, with Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) adjustment, was employed to assess the associations between these variables. The abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella in LADG was significantly higher than in HADG, while Erysipelothrix, Streptomyces, Dubosiella, Parolsenella, and Adlercreutzia in LADG were significantly lower than in HADG. The concentration of glutamine, etiocholanolone glucuronide, and retinoyl beta-glucuronide in LADG was significantly higher than in HADG, while arachidonic acid, allocholic acid, oleic acid, phenylalanine, and methyltestosterone in LADG were significantly lower than in HADG. The Lactobacillus–Streptomyces networks (Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, methyltestosterone, phenylalanine, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, glutamine, 3-ketosphingosine, L-octanoylcarnitine, camylofin, 4-guanidinobutyrate 3-methylcyclopentadecanone) were identified as the most influential at regulating swine weight gain. These findings suggest that the gastrointestinal tract regulates the daily weight gain of pigs through the network of Lactobacillus and Streptomyces. However, this study was limited to fecal and serum samples from growing and fattening boars. A comprehensive consideration of factors affecting the daily weight gain in pig production, including gender, parity, season, and breed, is warranted.

本文对不同饲料利用效率大白猪的肉质性状进行测定,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR检测背最长肌和皮下脂肪中与肉质、脂肪沉积性状相关基因的转录水平,分析FASN和PPARγ基因表达量与肉质性状的相关性,结果表明:不同饲料利用效率大白猪肉品质中pH24h值为 5.63～5.81;L24h值为 48.43～50.02;b24h值为6.90～7.82;48 h滴水损失为 3.62～3.99;肌内脂肪为 1.59～2.21.实时荧光定量PCR测定结果显示,在不同饲料利用效率大白猪背最长肌中,PPARγ和FASN基因的mRNA表达水平分别为差异显著和极显著,二者与肌内脂肪含量呈正相关;肉质性状相关性分析及肉质性状与基因表达量相关性分析中,高饲料利用效率(High Feed Efficiency,HFE)大白猪的肉色L值与pH值呈显著负相关;HFE大白猪背最长肌中FASN基因mRNA表达量与L值呈显著正相关,在低饲料利用效率(Low Feed Efficiency,LFE)大白猪背最长肌中PPARγ基因mRNA表达量与L值呈极显著正相关.

为了探究胆汁酸代谢途径关键基因FXR在大白猪中的结构和功能,本研究利用 3 头大白猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠组织,分别提取RNA,将RNA反转录成cDNA后做混池通过PCR扩增FXR基因的CDS区域,对测序结果进行比对确认,利用多种生物信息学软件对大白猪FXR基因的CDS区域进行了一系列分析.结果显示,FXR基因CDS全长 1461 bp,编码 486 个氨基酸,预测FXR蛋白二级和三级结构,该蛋白的二级结构有 23 个α螺旋、28 个β折叠、30 个T转角、20 个无规卷曲,为亲水性膜外蛋白;并且有多个磷酸化位点;荧光定量PCR结果显示,FXR基因在大白猪回肠中表达量极显著高于其他肠道组织.本实验成功克隆了大白猪FXR基因的CDS区域,为进一步探究FXR基因在猪胆汁酸代谢途径中的调控机制提供了研究基础,也为利用胆汁酸代谢调控挖掘提高猪生长性能的分子标记提供了一定参考.

为了解后备母猪与经产母猪肠道菌群结构的差异,在某核心育种场随机挑选大白猪后备母猪34头和经产母猪20头,采集粪便并进行扩增子测序分析.结果发现,后备母猪与经产母猪肠道菌群Alpha多样性、Beta多样性以及物种组成均发生了明显变化,后备母猪与经产母猪间显著差异的肠道菌群主要为Chris tensenellaceae、Ruminococcaceae、Erysipelotrichaceae、Coriobacteriaceae、Lachnospiraceae 和 Porphyromonadaceae 等.

高能饮食是肥胖发生的重要诱因之一,肠道微生物在其中发挥重要作用.为探究高脂高糖饮食过程中肠道微生物组成的动态变化并筛选与肥胖发展密切相关的肠道微生物,本研究以广西巴马小型猪为动物模型,随机分为普通饮食组(CN组)和高脂高糖饮食组(HFD组),进行为期30 d的饮食干预,分别在干预0、7、15和30 d时收集粪便样品,利用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析高脂高糖饮食对广西巴马小型猪肠道微生物组成、结构和功能的影响.结果显示:HFD组个体肠道微生物的多样性普遍低于CN组,高脂高糖饮食改变了小型猪肠道微生物的结构;随着高脂高糖饮食干预时间的增加,观察到了肠道微生物组的总体变化趋势:在门水平,HFD组个体肠道微生物中Firmicutes丰度增加而Bacteroidetes丰度逐渐下降;在属水平,HFD组中Lactobacillus丰度逐渐减少而Ruminococcus丰度则不断升高;CN组和HFD组之间存在一些显著差异的肠道微生物,其中g__Lactobacillus,g__norank_f__p_251_o5和 g__unclassif ied_c__Bacilli 等 12个菌群在 CN 组显著富集,g-Peptococcus、g-Col-linsella和g__Senegalimassilia等8个菌群在HFD组显著富集,可能是与肥胖发生相关的潜在微生物;微生物功能预测分析发现,两组之间微生物功能无显著性差异,均主要富集在氨基酸的生物合成、淀粉与蔗糖的代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢以及糖酵解和糖异生等方面.本研究发现,高脂高糖饮食降低了肠道微生物的多样性,使微生物结构发生了改变,存在一定菌群失调的现象,发现了与肥胖发展密切相关的潜在微生物.

[目的]分析大白猪溶质载体30A(ZnT)基因家族成员的生物学特性,并检测其在猪不同组织中的表达水平,为研究ZnT基因家族调控锌的代谢提供科学依据.[方法]使用多种生物信息学软件对猪ZnT基因家族10个成员(ZnT1～ZnT10)进行序列分析,包括基序、保守结构域、跨膜结构域、进化树、蛋白相互作用分析;使用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测ZnT基因家族在6月龄大白猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、卵巢、乳腺中的表达差异.[结果]ZnT1～ZnT10基因定位到猪的8条染色体上,分子质量在41.61～85.30 ku之间;等电点介于6.27～9.30之间,其中ZnT6等电点最高为9.30,ZnT1等电点最低为6.27.ZnT基因家族中,除ZnT3外都属于稳定蛋白,除ZnT5、ZnT9外都含有6层跨膜结构域,除ZnT6、ZnT9外所含基序顺序均一致,Cation-efflux是ZnT基因家族共有的保守结构域.ZnT6与ZnT2、ZnT3、ZnT7、ZnT9蛋白关联程度最高,ZnT1与ZnT3蛋白关联程度最高,ZnT8与其他家族成员间关系较远.ZnT基因家族序列在哺乳动物进化过程中相对保守.ZnT基因家族的10个基因在大白猪肺脏中相对表达量较高,在心脏中相对表达量较低,除ZnT5、ZnT7、ZnT9外的ZnT基因家族的其他成员在肌肉中几乎不表达.[结论]ZnT家族属于跨膜结构蛋白,所含基序顺序基本一致,Cation-efflux是ZnT基因家族共有的保守结构域.ZnT基因家族多数成员在大白猪肺脏中表达量最高,在心脏和肌肉中相对表达量较低.

[目的]检测隆林猪的全基因组拷贝数变异.[方法]采集33头隆林猪的耳组织样本,通过酚-氯仿法提取DNA后,使用猪中芯一号50K SNP芯片进行基因分型,得到的原始数据通过Genomestudio软件和Linux系统进行处理,使用CNVPartition和PennCNV软件分别检测拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV),并利用Bedtools软件将CNV合并为拷贝数变异区域(copy number variation region,CNVR),使用Biomart对CNVR进行基因定位,利用David网站对定位到的基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,使用猪QTL数据库对共同CNVR进行QTL注释.[结果]CNVPartition软件共检测到260个CNVs,合并为47个CNVRs,其中缺失型40个、获得型5个、混合型2个,共定位到84个基因,显著富集到13条信号通路;PennCNV软件共检测到96个CNVs,合并为15个CNVRs,其中缺失型9个、获得型1个、混合型5个,共定位到8个基因,显著富集到8条信号通路;2个软件检测结果定位到的基因主要富集在嗅觉相关通路和G-蛋白偶联相关通路中,其中INPP5B、NEURL1和GAPDHS基因显著富集到精子活力通路;2个软件获得了 3个共同CNVRs,其中缺失型、获得型和混合型均为1个,共定位到8个基因,显著富集到涉及嗅觉感官知觉的化学刺激检测通路、嗅觉受体活性通路、嗅觉转导通路、G-蛋白偶联受体活性通路、G-蛋白偶联受体信号通路、膜整体组件通路和质膜通路共7条信号通路;共有130个QTLs与3个共同CNVRs重叠,其中与背膘厚、肉质和乳头数相关的QTLs分别有11、9和6个.[结论]隆林猪CNV可能与嗅觉功能、繁殖性能、背膘厚、肉质和乳头数性状相关.

试验数据来源于2018年测定的广西某种猪场栏内444头长白猪使用自动喂料系统(FIRE)的采食情况,每日记录长白猪生长育肥阶段(90～160日龄)的采食量和采食行为.分析长白猪随日龄变化的采食行为规律,以及性别、胎次、气候因素对猪采食行为和饲料利用效率的影响,以期为育肥猪采食行为性状选育、提高经济效益及科学高效养殖提供理论依据.结果表明:①公猪和母猪采食行为区别不大,但在每日采食次数上表现出差异;②在生长育肥阶段,公猪的生长性能高于母猪;③较冷环境下的育肥猪平均每日采食量更多、平均日增重更高、采食速度更快.

In China there are approximately 100 pig breeds, which show great diversity in their appearance. However, information on genome selection signatures, such as spine curvature, is scarce. Therefore, we used the fixation index (FST ) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XPEHH) methods to explore the genome selection signatures of spine curvature in six breeds of Chinese indigenous pig. We identified 396 and 389 single nucleotide polymorphisms using the FST and XPEHH methods, respectively. We detected 19 selection signatures and 28 genes located in the selected regions. Five candidate genes (MAP3K7, CUX1, GRIN2B, ALPL and MACF1) were identified in the selection signatures. Additionally, 719 high-frequency runs of homozygosity regions, 17 unique runs of homozygosity regions, 78 genes and 27 pathways were identified in the runs of homozygosity analysis. The TGF-beta signaling pathway and eight genes related to the spine formation, spine defects and intervertebral disk degeneration were identified, comprising ACVR1, FMOD, ITGA4, MAPK8, PDGF, RPL3, SULF1 and UBE2D1. In summary, we identified 13 candidate genes related to spine curvature in Chinese indigenous pigs.

在猪的生长发育过程中,肠道菌群的建立及其均衡结构的维持对猪的健康生长具有重要作用,了解仔猪不同生长阶段肠道菌群的结构和功能可为指导其不同阶段的营养调控和饲养管理提供理论基础.本实验采集巴马香猪0 d(初生)、16 d(哺乳期)和40 d(保育期)3个生长阶段的粪便样品,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序方法,分析巴马香猪不同生长阶段肠道菌群的纵向变化.Alpha多样性指数表明,随着仔猪的生长发育,肠道菌群多样性显著增加,并在保育期多样性达到最高水平;在门水平,作为优势门的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)在不同生长阶段呈逐渐升高的趋势,而变形菌门(Proteobacteria)呈下降趋势;在属水平,不同生长阶段的优势菌属不同,LEfSe分析发现克雷伯菌属(Klebsiella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和球链菌属(Globicatella)等好氧菌和兼性厌氧菌为出生0 d(初生)的特异性菌属,随着肠道中氧气的消耗,消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)和消化球菌属(Peptococcus)等专性厌氧菌为16 d(哺乳期)的特征性菌属,饮食的改变使得与消化纤维密切相关的瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)成为出生40 d(保育期)时的特异菌属;KEGG功能预测分析发现,随着仔猪的生长发育巴马香猪肠道菌群功能呈动态变化.

肠道是机体重要的消化与免疫器官,维持肠道健康对猪的生长发育和疾病预防具有十分重要的意义.高通量测序技术的发展极大地促进了人们对肠道微生物功能的认知,猪肠道微生物组的研究正逐步成为热点.目前,尽管对某一生长阶段猪的肠道微生物组已有较为深入的理解,但仍缺乏有关商品猪整个生命周期范围内肠道微生物组动态变化的全面纵向研究.而从出生到出栏,猪在整个生长周期内的肠道微生物组并不是一成不变的,是一个动态的发育过程.作者综述了猪哺乳期、断奶期、育肥期和妊娠期等从出生到育肥过程中不同阶段肠道微生物组的纵向变化及其主要影响因素:一方面,肠道微生物群落结构的显著变化主要发生在断奶期;另一方面,虽然肠道微生物组成随着时间始终在不断变化,但仍有一部分优势菌是一直存在的,这部分优势菌被称为核心菌群,而只在特定时期才出现的菌只是胃肠道中的"过客",也最易受外界因素影响.肠道微生物组与多种因素相关,如年龄、饮食、环境、抗生素使用等,其中饮食对塑造肠道微生物起到至关重要的作用.本文可为理解猪在不同生长发育阶段肠道微生物的动态变化规律及改善猪生长性能和健康水平的微生物技术手段提供理论参考.

目的 近期研究证据表明,肠道微生物与2型糖尿病(T2DM)等代谢性疾病有关,相关机制研究多以啮齿类动物为模型,而在更适合研究人类疾病的猪模型上却鲜有报道.方法 为了探究小型猪T2DM模型中肠道微生物的组成和结构的变化,本研究以广西巴马小型猪为动物模型,通过高脂高糖饮食诱导T2DM,建模成功后采集T2DM发病组(T2DM组)和普通饮食饲喂的对照组(CN组)个体的新鲜粪便样品,采用16S rRNA基因测序技术进行肠道微生物组成与结构的比较分析.结果 结果发现,T2DM组个体的肠道微生物的多样性发生了明显下降;在门水平上,与CN组相比,T2DM组厚壁菌门丰度显著增加(P<0.05),而拟杆菌门丰度下降;在属水平,PCoA分析发现CN组和T2DM组组成显著差异,T2DM组独有与产琥珀酸相关的光冈菌属,两组比较和LEfSe分析发现两组间存在多个显著性差异的菌属:颤螺旋菌属、普氏菌属和消化球菌属等在CN组显著富集,g_Intestinibacter在T2DM组中显著富集;功能预测未发现两组存在显著差异的代谢通路,两组均主要富集在氨基酸的生物合成、碳新陈代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢以及糖酵解和糖异生等方面.结论 本研究发现了2型糖尿病小型猪肠道微生物的变化特征和与糖尿病发生密切关联的潜在微生物,为研究肠道微生物与2型糖尿病的关联及其作用机制提供了理论依据.

Astroviruses (AstVs) are major causative agents of gastroenteritis and have been detected worldwide. Little is known about the prevalence of neurotropic AstVs in Chinese water buffaloes, but a novel species which is associated with encephalitis and meningitis has recently been found. In this study, based on nested RT-PCR, rapid amplification of the 3′-cDNA end (3′-RACE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we examined the infection of AstVs in water buffaloes in the Guangxi Province of China. The results showed that the AstV infection was found in 40% (6/15) of the farms examined, and the prevalence of AstV in their feces was 11% (33/297). In addition, two near-full-length and two complete open reading frame 2 (ORF2) genes of AstVs from fecal sources were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 sequences indicated three lineages of BufAstVs, BufAstV lineage 1 was close related to the BoAstV, lineage 2 was related to the BufAstVs, and lineage 3 was classified as novel AstVs, which had a close relationship with the neurotropic/neurovirulent AstVs strains found in bovine, ovine, and musks. Moreover, genomic a recombination between the BufAstV and BoAstV strains was identified. This is a novel study reporting the genetic diversity of BufAstV infection in China especially found the similar neurotropic strains from fecal sources of water buffaloes, and it also provides details of the epidemiology, genetic recombination, and interspecies transmission of BoAstV and BufAstV in water buffaloes from the Guangxi Province of China.

为深入挖掘广西地方猪种的种质特性相关基因,用50K芯片对巴马香猪和隆林猪进行了基因分型,并下载了陆川猪、东山猪、杜洛克、长白猪和大白猪的60K芯片数据,将数据整合后通过多种软件进行群体遗传结构分析、选择信号分析和ROH检测,并对相关位点和区域进行了基因定位与富集分析.结果显示:隆林猪近交程度最低但可能已经受西方商业猪种血液入侵,血统不纯;陆川猪近交程度最高,且与东山猪在遗传距离和亲缘关系上都比较近;去除隆林猪后,共有435个位点受到了选择,以50 kb作为受选择区域共定位到了175个基因,参与了31条信号通路,其中分别有5、9、7、9、1个基因与脂肪、糖尿病或胰岛功能、免疫、繁殖、热应激相关;广西地方猪种共检测到4491个ROH区域,高频ROH区域主要位于1、4、7、14号染色体,共定位到了48个基因,参与8条信号通路,其中4、3、2个基因分别与免疫、繁殖和肉质相关,4号染色体还存在一个区域被7个品种同时定位,包含的DECR1基因可能与广西地方猪种的独特肉质性状有关.本研究结论为广西地方品种中有DECR1、TNNC1和MTCH2等基因与肉质相关;IL12A、BCL11B和TLR9等基因与免疫功能相关;GNRHR、RBBP4和ALAS1等基因与繁殖性状相关;该结论为广西地方猪种种质资源开发、利用提供了重要理论依据.

为探究杜洛克猪饲料利用率与肠道菌群的关系,本研究计算了91头杜洛克公猪30～100 kg的校正饲料转化率(FCR),选择FCR数值最高和最低各10头猪分别作为HFCR组和LFCR组,采用微生物16S rRNA基因测序技术分析两组间肠道微生物多样性、组成与结构差异,并对差异微生物功能进行预测.结果显示:两组间肠道微生物在总体Alpha多样性指标上无显著性差异,但在微生物组成上存在多个显著差异的菌属;Fimicutes和Bacteroidetes为杜洛克猪的优势菌门,Prevotella、norank_f_Ruminococcaceae和Lactobacillus是主要的优势菌属;在门水平上,HFCR组WPS-2的丰度显著高于LFCR组;在属水平上,HFCR组个体中unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae、unclassified_o_Bacteroidales、norank_p_WPS-2和rc4-4的丰度显著高于LFCR组,Collinsella、norank_f_Enterobacteriaceae、Staphylococcus、1-68和norank_o__Streptophyta的丰度显著低于LFCR组.KEGG分析发现,LFCR组和HFCR组肠道菌群基因主要富集在Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism、Purine metabolism、Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis和Pyrimidine metabolism等功能通路,但在两组间并无显著差异.本研究结果为利用肠道微生物提高猪的饲料利用率提供了一定的参考和数据基础.

内分泌代谢性疾病(metabolic and endocrine diseases)是危害人类健康、降低生活质量的重要病症之一.肥胖、病毒感染、遗传易感性及免疫功能异常等多种因素均可导致内分泌代谢性疾病的发生,但其致病机制仍不明确.制备适宜动物模型是开展相关研究的关键基础.小型猪在生理解剖结构、机体代谢过程、病理诊断指标等方面与人类极为相似,是制备内分泌代谢性疾病的理想动物模型.本文对小型猪品系、构建疾病模型的方法 及现状展开综述,旨在为人类内分泌代谢性疾病动物模型相关研究提供参考.

本研究旨在探讨肠道微生物与杜洛克猪早期体重的关系.从91头80日龄杜洛克公猪中根据个体体重排序选择体重较轻(lighter body weight,LBW)的9头猪和体重较重(heavier body weight,HBW)的9头猪.通过对16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序,分析了HBW和LBW组猪粪便中微生物多样性、组成和预测功能.结果显示,HBW和LBW组之间微生物的Alpha多样性无显著差异(P＞0.05).杜洛克仔猪肠道微生物的核心菌门为厚壁菌门(HBW和LBW组分别为65.62％和66.57％)和拟杆菌门(HBW和LBW组分别为30.87％和29.80％),核心菌属为普雷沃菌属(HBW和LBW组分别为23.82％和20.84％)、乳杆菌属(HBW和LBW组分别为9.11％和16.55％)、未分类的瘤胃菌科(HBW和LBW组分别为10.32％和9.98％)和未分类的毛螺菌科(HBW和LBW组分别为6.33％和4.53％).PCoA分析显示,肠道微生物在杜洛克仔猪个体之间差异较小,但两组间在微生物组成上存在一些显著差异的菌属.在属水平上,HBW组猪中北里孢菌属、g_norank_o_Tremblayales、未命名的丹毒丝菌属、未分类的普雷沃氏菌科和粪芽孢菌属的丰度显著高于LBW组(P＜0.05),棒状杆菌属在LBW组中的丰度显著高于HBW组(P＜0.05).此外,KEGG通路差异分析发现,倍半萜类化合物生物合成、胰岛素信号通路、抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢及安沙霉素类合成的途径显著富集于HBW组(P＜0.05),分泌系统途径显著富集于LBW组(P＜0.05).本研究结果有助于理解猪早期肠道微生物与宿主间的相互作用和猪的健康养殖.

Astroviruses (AstVs) are major causative agents of gastroenteritis in children and had been detected worldwide. Recently, the novel neurotropic AstV associated with encephalitis and meningitis has been found in different species including human, bovine and ovine. However, little is known about the prevalence of neurotropic AstVs in water buffalo of China. In this study, we examined fecal samples from water buffalo in the Guangxi province of China and found different lineages of Water Buffalo Astrovirus (BufAstV) infections. In addition, we confirmed that the BufAstV infection of the brain tissues of a dead calf by immunohistochemistry technology in this study. Based on the 3’RACE and next-generation sequencing technologies, 2 full-length genomes (BufAstV-NNA-14 and BufAstV-NNA-12) and 2 ORF2 genes (BufAstV-NND-s2 and BufAstV-NNA-17) of AstVs from this source were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 indicated 3 major lineages of BufAstVs including a novel neurotropic BufAstV, a BufAstV which is related to Bovine Astrovirus (BoAstV) and a classical BufAstV. Moreover, the occurrence of genomic recombination between BufAstV and BoAstV strains have been identified. This is the first report to found a BufAstV infected in brain of water buffalo in China and details of the epidemiology, genetic diversity and possible interspecies transmission of BoAstV and BufAstV in water buffalo from the Guangxi province of China are described. KEYWORDS: astrovirus, water buffalo, bovine, neurotropic, genetic diversity, Guangxi province