Background: Surgical planning for anterior shoulder instability (ASI) necessitates accurate measurements of glenoid bone defects, but current methods are either challenging or too complex for practical use. This underscores the need for a simplified, but precise, assessment technique for anterior glenoid bone defects. Purpose: To introduce a new measurement technique that requires only computed tomography (CT) of the affected shoulder joint and simultaneously simplifies the assessment of bone defects in the anterior glenoid. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: CT scans of the glenoid from 285 healthy participants and 43 patients with unilateral ASI were collected and reconstructed in 3 dimensions. Initially, we established the proportional relationship between the maximum height and width in the superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions of the glenoid as well as the location of their intersection (point O) in healthy participants. Subsequently, glenoid bone defects in patients with ASI were measured using the contralateral comparison method, the best-fit circle method, the CT-specific formula method, and our novel proportional method. We analyzed the differences in defect ratios and sizes as well as glenoid track calculations among the 4 methods. Results: The mean width-to-height ratio of the glenoid was determined to be 0.69 ± 0.04, allowing for the simplification of the calculation to width = 0.7 × height for clinical convenience. Point O was consistently located at the lower one-third of the glenoid height. There was no statistical significance noted in the measurements of bone defect size and bone defect ratio when comparing the novel proportional method, the contralateral comparison method, and the best-fit circle method; however, a significant increase in bone defect size and bone defect ratio was estimated with the CT-specific formula method (defect size: F = 19.20, P < .0001; defect ratio: F = 15.99, P < .0001). Conclusion: We introduced a novel method for estimating the width of glenoid bone defects through the proportion of glenoid width to height, finding that 70% of the glenoid height at its lower one-third closely approximated its maximum width. This approach, requiring only CT data from the affected shoulder, simplified calculations and matched the accuracy of traditional methods. It offers potential clinical benefits in evaluating glenoid defects.

Upconversion optical materials have great application prospects for non-contact temperature sensing. The effect of Ca2+ ions doping on Sc2Mo3O12 was studied under 980 nm laser excitation. The optimal concentration of Ca2+ ions in Sc2Mo3O12: 0.2Yb3+, 0.01Er3+ is 0.25. Compared with undoped Ca2+ samples, the red and green upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity of Sc2Mo3O12: 0.2Yb3+, 0.01Er3+, 0.25Ca2+ increased by 91.63 and 13.97 times, respectively. The potential UCL mechanism was explored by analyzing the absorption spectra, UCL spectra, and down-shift luminescence (DS) spectra of Yb3+/Er3+/Ca2+ triple-doped Sc2Mo3O12 phosphor. In addition, the application of Sc2Mo3O12: Yb3+/Er3+/Ca2+ in dual-mode temperature measurement is explored by using the method of fluorescence intensity ratio (thermally coupled energy level (TCL): 2H11/2/4S3/2; nonthermally coupled energy level (NTCL): 2H11/2/4F9/2). The maximum absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity of TCL are 5.22 % K-1 at 293 K and 1.81 % K-1 at 473 K, respectively. The maximum absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity of NTCL are 1.30 % K-1 (at 293 K) and 2.62 % K-1 at 293 K, respectively. Compared with other temperature measuring materials, it has better sensitivity and potential application value in the field of temperature measurement.

Selectivity is an important criterion for evaluating the gas-sensing performance of a sensor. In this work, we focus on compounding with a second component into the sensitive material and combining the sensor with machine learning to enhance the selectivity of the sensor. NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 are prepared by the sol-gel method, and ZnFe2O4 is mixed with NiFe2O4 at different mass ratios. The sensor fabricated from the mixed sensitive materials achieves a significant increase in response to five different volatile organic compound (VOC) gases. Among them, the sensor with a NiFe2O4: ZnFe2O4 ratio of 1:2 exhibits the best sensing performance to five VOC gases. This sensor demonstrates a detection range for Triethylamine (TEA) from 0.01 to 100 ppm, with a response value of -97.1 mV for 50 ppm TEA at 350 °C. In addition, the sensor with a NiFe2O4: ZnFe2O4 ratio of 1:3 has an extremely wide detection range for TEA from 2 ppb to 200 ppm. All devices exhibit good humidity resistance and reliable repeatability. To further enhance the selectivity of the device, five machine learning models are trained using eigenvalues of response values, response time, maximum reaction rate, and ratio coefficients. Of these, a recognition rate of 94% for the five gases is achieved using the Random Forest. This work explores the potential of machine learning in the field of sensors and provides an effective method to improve the selectivity of sensors.

The In2O3: 4 % Er3+, 10 % Yb3+, x % Al3+ (x = 0, 1, 2, 5) phosphor were prepared by high temperature solid phase method. At 980 nm laser excitation, the emission peaks near 552 nm and 661 nm correspond to the S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of the Er3+ ion. With the doping of Al3+ ions, the luminescence intensity of the phosphor increased significantly. In addition, the upconversion luminescence intensity is the highest when 2 % Al3+ ions are doped. The mechanism of upconversion luminescence was investigated by power dependence, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum, photoluminescence excitation spectrum and down-conversion luminescence spectrum. In addition, the temperature sensing of phosphor in the temperature range of 298 K-598 K was studied by fluorescence intensity ratio technique. The phosphors showed maximum absolute and relative sensitivity of 0.067 K-1 and 1.13 % K-1, respectively.

Lung cancer poses a severe threat to human life and health due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. As a unique biomarker in exhaled breath of lung cancer patients, quantitative detection of n-propanol concentration using semiconductor sensors offers a non-invasive, convenient, and rapid alternative to invasive diagnostic methods like tissue biopsy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess designable framework structures and excellent catalytic performance, demonstrating significant potential in the field of gas sensing. Herein, we developed a ppb-level n-propanol sensor based on bimetallic MOF-derived hollow In2O3/Bi2O3 heterojunctions synthesized through a thermal solvent method using MOF as sacrificial templates. The results demonstrate that the In2O3/Bi2O3-2 sensor exhibits an ultralow detection limit with a high response value of 1.68-50 ppb npropanol. Moreover, at 147 degrees C, it shows rapid response/recovery times (1 s/137 s) and an enhanced response value of 174-100 ppm n-propanol, representing 4.14-fold improvement over pure In2O3 sensors. The sensor also demonstrates exceptional selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability. The remarkable gas-sensing enhancement originates from the unique porous hollow structure and interfacial p-n heterojunction formation. This study presents a promising candidate material for ppb-level n-propanol detection.

A novel upconversion phosphor, Ca-3(VO4)(2) co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+, was successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. Under 980 nm near-infrared excitation, this material exhibits remarkable upconversion luminescence, with intense green emissions at 527 nm and 550 nm, and a weaker red emission at 657 nm. The optimal doping concentrations were determined to be 0.03 for Yb3+ and 0.005 for Er3+, enabling maximum luminescent efficiency. Spectroscopic investigations including upconversion photoluminescence, excitation, and emission spectra confirmed that the upconversion follows a distinct energy transfer mechanism: Yb3+ (F-2(5/2)) + Er3+ (I-4(11/2)) -> Yb3+ (F-2(7/2)) + Er3+ (F-4(7/2)). In addition to its excellent luminescent properties, the Ca-3(VO4)(2): 0.03Yb(3+)/0.005Er(3+) phosphor exhibits reliable optical thermal sensitivity over a wide temperature range (298-673 K), with a peak relative sensitivity of 1.11 % K-1 at 298 K. These outstanding optical characteristics make C(a)3(VO4)(2): 0.03Yb(3+)/0.005Er(3+) a promising candidate for display and lighting technologies.

With the advancement of automotive intelligence and electrification, ethylene glycol (EG), as a critical component in antifreeze and coolant systems, has gained increasing industrial significance. However, the volatile nature of EG poses potential health hazards, making the development of high-performance EG gas sensors an urgent priority. In this study, a CuO-In(OH)3 Type II p-n heterojunction was directly fabricated through a solvothermal method followed by 200 degrees C annealing. The developed CuO-In(OH)3-based gas sensor demonstrates exceptional EG sensing performance, exhibiting a response magnitude of 21.3 toward 50 ppm EG at 95 degrees C-7.9 times higher than that of pure CuO (2.7). Notably, the operating temperature was reduced from 120 degrees C (pristine CuO) to 95 degrees C while maintaining excellent repeatability (6 cyclic tests) and long-term stability (26-day continuous operation). The first engineered heterojunction, characterized by its nanoflower-cube hierarchical architecture, not only provides a novel strategy for designing efficient EG gas sensors but also demonstrates promising potential in environmental safety assurance.

Introduction To examine the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of fluorescent oxidation products (FlOPs; markers of global oxidative damage) for measuring global oxidative stress. Methods To improve FlOP measurement reliability, we mixed plasma samples with the extractant at eight ratios and measured FlOPs with a fluorescent microplate reader (excitation/emission wavelengths 320/420 nm denoted FlOP_320; 360/420 nm [FlOP_360]; and 400/475 nm [FlOP_400]). In a human study, we examined the reliability of an improved FlOP measurement. In an animal study, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of FlOPs for measuring D-galactose induced global oxidative stress. Results At a 1:20 (plasma/extractant) mixture ratio, the overall inter-/intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) for FlOP measurements among healthy and coronary heart disease participants were <3.6%/<2.7% and <4.4%/<2.0%, respectively. On day 30 of the animal experiment, the Pearson correlations (r) of FlOP_320 and FlOP_360 with D-galactose dose were 0.816 and 0.801, respectively, which were 3-12 times higher than those of malondialdehyde (0.183), 8-hydroxyguanosine (0.157), pentosidine (0.254), and nitrotyrosine (0.068) for measuring D-galactose-induced oxidative damage. FlOP_360 (r=0.225, P = 0.045), but not FlOP_320 and FlOP_400, were significantly correlated with c-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. Conclusions FlOP_320 are reliable, sensitive and specific markers for measuring global oxidative stress.

Enhancing ionic conductivity and electrolyte uptake is of significance for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for flexible zinc-air batteries (FZABs). Herein, a composite mesoporous silica/polyacrylamide (5 wt.% mPAM) GPE is constructed with comparable ionic conductivity to aqueous electrolytes, where the ionic conductivity is up to 337 mS cm-1, and the weight loss after exposing in air 72 h is less than 18%, owing to the excellent electrolyte uptake and continuous ion migration network provided by the mesoporous silica fillers. When used as a quasi-solid-electrolyte, the rechargeable FZAB exhibited high electrochemical performance and structural stability, where the peak power density is up to 162.8 mW cm-2, and the initial charge-discharge potential gap is as low as 0.62 V, resulting in a long lifespan exceeding 110 h, showcasing the combination of high durability, cost-effectiveness and easy production for practical applications.

The sensitive and rapid detection of toxic gases, particularly at concentrations as low as parts per billion (ppb), is crucial in preventing explosion and gas leakage accidents. Herein, we have developed a ppb-level n-butanol sensor by constructing a heterojunction structure through in situ growth of n-type oxide semiconductor Fe2O3 nanoparticles on two-dimensional layered carbide materials Ti3C2Tx MXene. The obtained results from that the Fe2O3/MXene-1% sensors display ultra-low detection limit, exhibiting a 1.31 response towards 70 ppb n-butanol. In addition, the Fe2O3/MXene-1% sensors show a remarkable response of 83.7 towards 100 ppm n-butanol at 150 degrees C, which represents a 22-fold improvement when comparison with the pure Fe2O3 sensors. The sensors also exhibit brilliant selectivity, reproducibility and excellent long-term stability. The remarkable enhancement in gas sensitive performance depends on Schottky heterojunctions formed between metal oxides and Ti3C2Tx MXene and the synergistic effect. The incorporation of MXene decreases materials' resistance and enhances the carrier transfer rate. The design of this study provides a novel approach for achieving ppb-level n-butanol detection.

Food safety is crucial to the health and life of every individual. Triethylamine and formaldehyde, as key indicators for assessing the freshness of seafood, are increasingly important for food safety. Consequently, this study has developed a dual -gas sensor that is easy to operate and can rapidly detect both formaldehyde and triethylamine. The ZnO-MXene based gas sensors were prepared by a two-step electrostatic adsorption method. Under irradiation with 450 nm LED light, the sensors can detect formaldehyde gas at room temperature. By adjusting the temperature, it is possible to detect 100 ppm triethylamine in the dark at 160 degree celsius, with a response value of 28.2, which is 5.2 times that of the pure ZnO based sensors. Additionally, it exhibits good selectivity, excellent stability, and reproducibility. This paper also provides a detailed discussion of the sensing mechanism for detecting dual gases. It is significant for the development of dual -gas or multi -gas sensors and has potential applications in food safety testing and addressing complex changes in air environments.

Creatinine (CRE) is frequently measured in clinical practice due to its recognized significance as a pivotal biomarker across a spectrum of renal and cardiovascular disorders. However, the rapid and accurate detection of CRE for assessing kidney and muscle functions remains challenging. Here, we prepared the poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel uniformly loaded with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) via a one-step metal-assisted electrochemical modification method on the screen-printed electrode for ultrasensitive CRE detection. The conductive, porous PEDOT:PSS/PBNPs hydrogel provided a confined space that facilitated highly efficient biocatalytic cascade reactions of creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase (Cl), and sarcosine oxidase, enabling the CRE detection with a high sensitivity (40.2 μA mM-1 cm-2), a wide linear detection range (20-600 μM), and a low detection limit (8.3 μM). What is more, we developed an integrated platform utilizing a differential strategy to eliminate the interference from endogenous creatine (CR), employing a dual-channel working electrode for independent CR and CRE detection, along with modules for signal processing and wireless communication. The differential method and system were validated in simulated blood, the detection error was reduced from 41.1% to 8.89% after applying the differential method, and the recoveries ranged from 89.5% to 107.8%, with errors remaining below 12%. This PEDOT:PSS/PBNPs hydrogel CRE biosensor, based on one-step modification method, offered a promising strategy for precise assessment of kidney and muscle health in both clinical and at-home settings.

This study aimed to develop an H2S gas sensor based on gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) solid electrolyte and Co3O4/ZnO/Y2O3 ternary nanocomposite. The heterojunction was formed inside the Co3O4/ZnO/Y2O3 ternary nanocomposite sensing material due to the difference in work function, which effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity, adjusted the oxygen vacancy concentration, improved the electrocatalytic activity of the material, and reduced the working temperature. The sensor response showed a piecewise linear correlation with the concentration of H2S, and its sensitivity for 0.2-2 ppm and 2-10 ppm H2S was -5.45 and -45.03 mV/decade, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated good stability, repeatability, and selectivity to H2S. This study showed that the GDC-based mixed potential sensor with Co3O4/ZnO/Y2O3 as the sensitive material could be used as a potential sensor for detecting low concentration of H2S.

Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with low‐voltage‐operating high‐stability are regarded as one of the key components of future electronics. However, it remains a challenge to enhance bias–stress stability, mechanical durability and environmental adaptability while reducing the operating voltage of the flexible OFETs. In this study, a new strategy of introducing high‐dipole‐moment groups into polymer side chains to enhance the intensity of polarization was proposed. This strategy can redirect cyclic carbonate side chains of high‐dipole groups under the action of electric fields and realize stable operation and efficient charge transfer. The experiments showed that high‐performance flexible OFETs were mainly attributed to the synthesized polymers through molecular structure designing which not only have high dielectric constant ( k > 5) and high electrical insulating property but also favor the growth of organic semiconductor films. The flexible OFETs still showed excellent mechanical flexibility, high electrical, thermal and humidity stability. In addition, highly OFETs were applied into a floating‐gate memory with fullerene (C 60 ) embedded charge memory layer and an integrated one‐transistor‐one‐transistor memory cell. They exhibited excellent memory performance with a large memory window (8.5 V), current ratio (10 3 ), stable retention (2 × 10 4 s), cyclic endurance (200 cycles), multi‐level memory (over 4 levels) and non‐destructivity.

ObjectiveCongenital dislocation of the radial head (CRHD) is a rare condition, with bilateral anterior cases being even less common worldwide. Only a few cases had residual pain after adulthood, even when left untreated. Herein, we describe an adult case of bilateral anterior CRHD with significant pain and snapping during motion. The aim of this study was to report the physical and radiological findings, treatment methods, and short-term outcomes of our case and to review adult CRHD cases in the literature.PatientA 21-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with chief complaints of snapping and exacerbated pain during motion in his left elbow.Diagnoses and interventionsDetailed medical history and physical examination results were recorded. Radiographic examinations were performed on the bilateral elbow, and the diagnosis of bilateral anterior congenital radial head dislocation was confirmed. To relieve the pain and snapping in the left elbow, we performed open reduction and fixation of the radial head with annular ligament reconstruction and ulnar osteotomy. Postoperatively, the elbow rested at 90° flexion with a cast for 16 weeks, and the K-wire was removed on the 10th week; afterward, active functional exercises were performed.OutcomesThe patient was followed-up for 1 year. The pain in his left elbow was relieved with a reduction in the visual analog scale score from 7 to 3. The range of motion of the left elbow was changed from 0° to 135° (preoperative) to −5° to 120° (postoperative) (extension–flexion) without any snapping. However, restrictions in external rotation have not yet been fully resolved. Further physical rehabilitation is required.ConclusionWhen managing patients with congenital radial head dislocation, the contralateral elbow should be evaluated to identify potential bilateral cases. Surgical options should be discussed with adult patients only for the strong need for functional improvement, although the outcomes may not be fully satisfactory.

Hydrogen (H2) has gradually become a substitute for traditional energy, but its potential danger cannot be ignored. In this study, litchi-like g-C3N4/In2O3 composites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used to develop H2 sensors. The morphology characteristics and chemical composition of the samples were characterized to analyze the gas-sensing properties. Meanwhile, a series of sensors were tested to evaluate the gas-sensing performance. Among these sensors, the sensor based on the 3 wt% g-C3N4/In2O3 (the mass ratio of g-C3N4 to In2O3 is 3:100) showeds good response properties to H2, exhibiting fast response/recovery time and excellent selectivity to H2. The improvement in the gas-sensing performance may be related to the special morphology, the oxygen state and the g-C3N4/In2O3 heterojunction. To sum up, a sensor based on 3 wt% g-C3N4/In2O3 exhibits preeminent performance for H2 with high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent selectivity.

神经内分泌肿瘤(Neuroendocrine neoplasia,NEN)是指起源于神经内分泌细胞和肽能神经元的肿瘤,可发生于全身各种组织和器官中,其中以胃肠胰神经细胞内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NEN)最常见.罕有发生于乙状结肠合并肝转移的病例报道.本文报道 2021 年 4 月 25 日吉林大学中日联谊医院胃肠结直肠外科收治的 1 例病例,初步诊断为乙状结肠腺癌合并肝转移.患者于同年 4 月 29 日行腹腔镜下乙状结肠癌根治术、肝脏转移病灶射频消融术.

A nonvolatile memory based on the floating-gate organic field-effect transistor was prepared by using the vacuum thermal evaporation taking small-molecule fullerenes (C60) as the floating-gate layer and long-chain alkane molecule tetratetracontane as the tunneling layer. Intrinsic correlations between microstructures of the floating gate and the memory performance, the physical mechanisms of the carrier injection, transfer, and storage, and the relationships between the charge-trapping capability of the floating-gate layers of different thicknesses made of small-molecule C60 and key parameters of the memory were investigated. The results show that the memory covers the charges stored in the manner of the opposite polarity during operation under the programming and erasing voltages. The bipolar charges (electrons and holes) are injected and captured in the floating gate. After optimization, the high-performance memory has an average memory window of 6.5 V, remains stable for more than one year, and is reliable for more than 220 programming/erasing cycles. Moreover, the memory also has excellent endurance to mechanical bending and retains favorable storage stability after being compressed or tensed 500 times to a bend-radius of 5 mm.

In this review, we summarize several important BP-based nanohybrids and the majority of the reported synthetic routes, properties as well as applications of the nanohybrids.

With the development of science and technology, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become a research spot. Furthermore, two-terminal oxide memristors with adjustable resistance have attracted extensive attention due to their simple structure, low power consumption, and easy integration, among other attractive features. Additionally, among many oxides, ceria has exhibited good performance, such as longer retention and better stability in resistive devices; however, it was currently rarely used in artificial neural synapses. In this work, a self-designed Ag/CeO2/Pt memristor was found to realize the slow transition between the high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS) at a very small working voltage. It was also found to exhibit very good retention performance and cyclic characteristics. The conductivity of the device was analyzed by the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics curve. Furthermore, its artificial synaptic function was explored, and a series of neuromorphic systems simulations were carried out. Additionally, the relationships between the pulse sequence parameters and the resistance state of the device were explored, and an electrical signal simulation of Pavlov's dog experiment was designed. The findings demonstrated that the device could be used to realize the application of artificial neural synapse simulation.