The mammalian pituitary gland drives highly conserved physiological processes such as somatic cell growth, pubertal transformation, fertility, and metabolism by secreting a variety of hormones. Recently, single-cell transcriptomics techniques have been used in pituitary gland research. However, more studies have focused on adult pituitary gland tissues from different species or different sexes, and no research has yet resolved cellular differences in pituitary gland tissue before and after sexual maturation. Here, we identified a total of 15 cell clusters and constructed single-cell transcriptional profiles of rats before and after sexual maturation. Furthermore, focusing on the gonadotrope cluster, 106 genes were found to be differentially expressed before and after sexual maturation. It was verified that Spp1, which is specifically expressed in gonadotrope cells, could serve as a novel marker for this cell cluster and has a promotional effect on the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. The results provide a new resource for further resolving the regulatory mechanism of pituitary gland development and pituitary hormone synthesis and secretion.

Surgery, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy have improved the overall survival and postoperative recurrence rates of Luminal A, Luminal B, and HER2-positive breast cancers but treatment modalities for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis remain limited. The effective application of the rapidly developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in hematological tumors provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer. Choosing suitable and specific targets is crucial for applying CAR-T therapy for breast cancer treatment. In this paper, we summarize CAR-T therapy’s effective targets and potential targets in different subtypes based on the existing research progress, especially for TNBC. CAR-based immunotherapy has resulted in advancements in the treatment of breast cancer. CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be more effective and safer for treating solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast tumors and the side effects of CAR-T therapy pose challenges to CAR-based immunotherapy. CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells-derived exosomes are advantageous in tumor therapy. Exosomes carrying CAR for breast cancer immunotherapy are of immense research value and may provide a treatment modality with good treatment effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the development and challenges of CAR-based immunotherapy in treating different subtypes of breast cancer and discuss the progress of CAR-expressing exosomes for breast cancer treatment. We elaborate on the development of CAR-T cells in TNBC therapy and the prospects of using CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-MSCs for treating breast cancer.

目的 研究不同月龄不同级别比格犬血常规指标的动态变化.方法 采集2月龄、6月龄和9月龄普通级和SPF级比格犬的血液样本,分析测定各组样本的血液生理指标数据.结果 6月龄SPF级比格犬的平均红细胞血红蛋白量和白细胞计数低于普通级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);9月龄SPF级比格犬的平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量以及平均血小板体积低于普通级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).随着月龄的增加,同级别比格犬的血常规指标趋于稳定.结论 不同等级环境对比格犬的血液指标具有一定的影响.

牛呼吸道疾病综合症(BRDC),是一种由牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(BRSV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV3)等多病原或致病因子引起牛的呼吸道系统性疾病,典型的应激联动反应,多发生在生产运输和早期断奶及气候环境变化等环节.该病临床常见牛隐性或持续感染,而BVDV和IBRV可造成牛免疫抑制,并长期带毒排毒,造成水平和垂直传播.全球每年仅BVD就给养牛业造成经济损失高达数十亿美元.国外一些发达国家20世纪90年代起就对牛呼吸道疾病综合症相关病原,如BVDV、IBRV等开展净化和根除行动.而我国作为牛养殖量世界第三大国,通过前期对吉林、辽宁、安徽、天津、黑龙江、江苏、山东等多省份、直辖市调查研究发现,超87％的牛均感染过BRDC,且缺乏对BRDC的系统性研究和了解,没有成型的综合防控技术和措施,特别是在临床诊断技术开发和预防用生物制品研发方面亟待解决.

本文主要阐述了课程思政的涵义以及分析《实验动物学》融入“课程思政”教学改革的目的和意义，结合“课程思政”的教育理念，探索“实验动物学”课程融入思想政治教育的契合点和实践举措，将责任担当、传统美德、爱国情怀、人文素养和道德素养等“思政元素”融入《实验动物学》课程教学过程中，以期与其他专业课教师进行广泛的交流与探讨，更好地发挥课程思政的育人功能，实现价值引领、知识教育、能力培养的有机统一。

1 牛呼吸道合胞体病概况 1.1 病原 牛呼吸道合胞体病的病原为牛呼吸道合胞体病毒.该病属于一种急性、热性的传染病.临床上以病牛发热、大量流涎、呼吸困难,以及多发性咳嗽和流泪为主要临床特征,患病的奶牛泌乳量显著下降. 1.2 发生状况 牛呼吸道合胞体病毒最早于1967年,由兽医科学研究人员在瑞士的牛体内首次分离出来.随后,一些发达国家,如:日本、加拿大、英国、美国相继也从牛体内分离出牛呼吸道合胞体病毒.

精神分裂症是一种复杂的重性精神病,持续性强.患者常常无法控制自己的情绪,出现被害妄想、厌世甚至自杀等行为.建立精神分裂症疾病动物模型能够有助于探索其发病机制,从而优化临床诊断和治疗方法.本文将从精神分裂症、精神分裂症理想动物模型、精神分裂症现有动物模型等方面进行论述,力求进一步完善精神分裂症动物模型,进而为研究精神分裂症发病机制以及新药的开发提供理论依据.

The pituitary gland, an important endocrine organ, can secrete a variety of reproductive hormones under the action of hypothalamus-secreted gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and plays important roles in animal reproduction. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules with stable covalently closed circular structures. CircRNAs are equipped with miRNA response elements (MREs), which can regulate the expression of target genes by competitively binding miRNAs. However, whether the expression levels of circRNAs in the pituitary gland change under the action of GnRH and whether such changes can further affect the secretion of reproductive hormones are still unclear. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of GnRH-treated rats to identify differentially expressed circRNAs. The results revealed 1433 related circRNAs, 14 of which were differentially expressed. In addition, we randomly selected five differentially expressed circRNAs and tested their relative expression levels by RT-qPCR, the results of which were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Finally, we predicted targeted relationships between the differentially expressed circRNAs and FSHb-LHb-associated miRNAs. In all, a total of 14 circRNAs were identified that may act on the secretion and regulation of reproductive hormones in GnRH-treated rats. Our expression profiles of circRNAs in the anterior pituitaries of rats treated with GnRH can provide insights into the roles of circRNAs in mammalian development and reproduction.

1 组织与要求 1.1 由畜牧兽医主管部门组织对养殖、交易、屠宰、无害化处理和巡查环节开展非洲猪瘟流行病学调查;由林草部门组织对野猪发病、死亡情况开展非洲猪瘟流行病学调查.

非洲猪瘟起源于非洲,早于1921年,在肯尼亚首次确诊非洲猪瘟疫情.我国于2018年8月首次确诊非洲猪瘟疫情,截止目前全国报告发生非洲猪瘟疫情共191起.2021年以来,全国共报告10起家猪非洲猪瘟疫情,扑杀生猪0.21万头,均为点状发生,未发生区域性流行.

开展双语教学促进我国高等教育与国际接轨,培养国际化的现代科技人才的重要措施.本文结合《实验动物学》课程特点和笔者多年的教学体会,分析了《实验动物学》实施双语教学的目的和意义,从教学材料、教学形式、教学实例和综合考评等角度展开讨论.力求在实践中不断地探索、改进和提高中英双语教学体系,推动高校双语课程体系改革和创新教学方式,提高《实验动物学》双语教学在高校生命科学人才培养中的作用.

为了给鲎素抗菌肽作为饲料添加剂在家禽无抗养殖中的应用提供理论依据,试验选取385日龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡600只,随机分为Ⅰ组(对照组)和Ⅱ组,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加浓度为0.01 L/kg的鲎素抗菌肽,试验期为35 d,测定生产性能、蛋品质和血液激素水平以及排泄物含氮量.结果 表明:Ⅱ组的产蛋率比Ⅰ组提高了2.13％(P＜0.05).与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组血液孕酮和促黄体素含量分别提高了1.06％和1.75％(P＞0.05),雌二醇和促卵泡素含量分别提高了14.21％和13.43％ (P＜0.05),蛋壳强度提高了15.47％ (P＜0.05),排泄物含氮量降低了38.71％ (P＜0.05).说明鲎素抗菌肽能延缓产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率的下降幅度,对改善鸡蛋品质和降低鸡舍内NH3浓度有一定的促进作用.

非洲猪瘟是一种高度接触性传染病,染病猪只死亡率高达100％,已经成为生猪养殖过程中最为严重疫病.2018年8月以来,我国累计报告发生非洲猪瘟172起,扑杀生猪近200万头,给养猪行业造成惨重损失,致使猪肉价格飙升,社会反响较大.因此,在没有非洲猪瘟疫苗和特效药的情况下,建设非洲猪瘟防控体系,并付诸有效运行,是规模猪场提升防控能力,确保安全生产的有效措施.

介绍对小动物控温手术台的改造及其在实验教学中初步应用.对原有实验装置进行重新设计和改造,解决了原有手术台在使用中的问题,降低了手术中动物的死亡率,提高了动物福利和手术成功率,使动物实验能够简便、安全、高效地进行,保障了实验教学工作顺利开展.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an important signal protein that is widely involved in physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, cell movement, and disease processes. However, the relationship between LRP1 and meat quality remains unknown in chickens. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between LRP1 and meat quality that builds on our preliminary research, as well as to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of LRP1 on meat-quality traits. The results showed that LRP1 was significantly correlated with shear force (P < 0.05). Several key genes involved in muscle growth and development, including IGF-1, IGFBP-5, IGF-1R, IGF-2, and MyoD, were down-regulated significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and MSTN was up-regulated significantly (P < 0.01) in the presence of LRP1 interference. Cell proliferation-or apoptosis-related genes, including PMP22, CDKN2C, and p53, increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), whereas Bcl-x decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the RNAi group. We conclude that LRP1 regulates muscle fiber development in cooperation with related genes that affect myoblast proliferation and apoptosis, thereby impacting shear force in chickens. This study will provide a valuable resource for biological investigations of muscle growth and meat-quality-related genes in chickens. The results could be useful in identifying candidate genes that could be used for selective breeding to improve meat quality.

Growth hormone (GH) is an important hormone released by the pituitary gland that plays a key role in the growth and development of organisms. In our study, TargetScan analysis and the dual luciferase reporter assays were used to predict and screen for miRNAs that might act on the rat Gh1 gene, and we identified miR-543-5p. Then, the GH3 cell line and the primary rat pituitary cells were transfected with miRNA mimic, inhibitor, and siRNA. We detected the Gh1 gene expression and the GH secretion by real-time PCR and ELISAs, respectively, to verify the regulatory effect of miR-543-5p on GH secretion. The results showed that miR-543-5p can inhibit Gh1 mRNA expression and reduce GH secretion. MiR-543-5p inhibitor upregulated Gh1 mRNA expression and increased GH secretion compared with the negative control. In summary, miR-543-5p downregulates Gh1 expression, resulting in a decrease in GH synthesis and secretion, which demonstrates the important role of miRNAs in regulating GH and animal growth and development.

为了便于基层工作人员对《家畜标识佩戴管理规范》地方标准的理解,使该标准能更好地应用于实践,现对该标准制定的目的和意义,标准规范性内容、创新之处,以及预期能产生的效益情况进行全面分析和解读.

当前,绝大多数鸡场控制疫病仍采用药物或疫苗等传统方式.此方法只能暂时降低经济损失,达不到真正消灭疫病的目的.饲养管理是实现鸡群疫病净化的重要措施之一,加强饲养改善鸡群饲养环境和卫生条件,加大管理力度严控带毒(菌)鸡引入,可以控制传染源和传播途径,实现水平控制.

鸡白痢是禽类三种沙门氏菌病之一,由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起,以危害1月龄以内雏鸡为主.其已成为危害现代养鸡业的重要垂直传播疾病之一.为了解柳河地区鸡白痢感染情况,加快推动鸡白痢净化工作,于2017年在柳河县的4个乡镇开展了鸡白痢血清流行病学调查.

肉鸡生产随着现代畜牧业的发展已成为畜牧业中的重要支柱产业,发展健康养殖打造优质、无公害、肉质鲜美的肉鸡成为当前研究和关注的重点.建立优质的种鸡群是保障商品鸡群的关键,通过添加功能性饲料等手段实现健康养殖是肉鸡和种鸡发展的关键技术之一.