This study aimed to refine risk stratification of advanced extranodal extension (ENE) in retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs) and evaluate its prognostic significance. A total of 1,373 non-metastatic NPC patients at three centers between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. For advanced RLN ENE, we documented all involved structures, maximum axial diameter (MAD), presence of lymph node necrosis (LNN), and bilaterality. High-risk structures were identified using adjusted hazard ratios and LASSO-Cox models. Multivariable Cox models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate associations with survival outcomes. Of the 1,373 patients, 1061 had RLN metastasis, including 168 with advanced RLN ENE. Involvement of interval structures, the lower cranial nerves region, internal jugular vein, and longus capitis muscle was classified as high-risk, whereas isolated internal carotid artery involvement was low-risk. Advanced RLN ENE with high-risk structure involvement or LNN was defined as high-risk RLN ENE. High-risk RLN ENE was an independent adverse prognostic factor for NPC. N1/N2 patients with high-risk RLN ENE showed survival comparable to N3 disease. High-risk RLN ENE is an independent adverse prognostic factor in NPC. N1/N2 patients with high-risk RLN ENE exhibit N3-like survival, supporting its potential incorporation into future refinements of N staging.

A novel color‐converted Mini‐LED Display was reported. And with unique 3D printing technology, the high bank can be realized. Then blue chips are combining with red phosphors by using 3D printing technique to achieve a high‐quality red light without Color Filter. The color gamut can reach more than NTSC100%.

The impact of packaging film has been discussed for the uniformity of mini LED screen. It is found that the variation of transmittance of the packaging film should be controlled in a limited range which is about 5% to ensure the uniformity of mini LED display at side viewing angle.

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and to elucidate the clinical characteristics of medial group retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLNs) based on multi-modal imaging. Also, we intended to explore the feasibility of optimizing the CTV60 boundary based on the characteristics of medial group RLNs.MethodsA total of 549 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DWI, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to detect and evaluate clinical characteristics of medial group RLNs. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was utilized to identify fluorodeoxyglucose uptaking and contrast-enhanced CT to ensure the reliability of CTV optimization during radiotherapy. The DESdC (Drinking, Eating, Swallowing Difficulties, and Coughing while Eating or Drinking) score was utilized to evaluate swallowing disability.ResultsFourteen of 549 patients had medial group RLNs with a transverse diameter of 2.0–19.0 mm, which distributed between the upper margin of 1st cervical vertebra (C1) and the upper one-third of C3. Lasso regression and Pearson chi-square test suggested that its occurrence was associated with stage N, bilateral cervical lymph node metastases, especially when the transverse diameter of cervical lymph nodes was > 3 cm. The sensitivity of DWI, T2 STIR, and contrast-enhanced CT was 100%, 57.1%, and 21.4%, respectively. We optimized CTV60 of medial group RLNs from the base of skull to the upper edge of C2 excluding specific cases. For patients with CTV60 optimization, radiation dose and volume of swallowing structures decreased obviously. Based on our radiotherapy strategy on CTV60, acute toxicities of enrolled patients were well tolerated. Ninety-six of 549 patients had scores with DESdC score. Eighty-three patients scored 1, seven patients scored 2, one patient scored 3, and three patients scored 4. The median interval from the onset of symptoms was 72 (4–114) months. The 5-year overall survival, progression-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival were 87%, 80%, 93%, and 85%, respectively. None of the patients with regional recurrence happened in the optimized region.ConclusionDWI possesses superiorities in displaying lymph nodes. Based on the low incidence of the medial RLNs, CTV60 of medial group RLNs from the base of skull to the upper edge of C2 is feasible and has dosimetric advantages for protecting swallowing structures.

BACKGROUND:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are firmly identified with the event and improvement of tumors. Therefore, elucidating the functions and mechanisms of related lncRNAs is significant for understanding the occurrence and advancement of tumors. The recently discovered lncRNA TUC338 has been shown to play the role of an oncogene in an assortment of tumors. Be that as it may, the articulation and elements of lncRNA TUC338 in esophageal cancer are as yet hazy. This investigation plans to explain the capacities and related molecular mechanisms of lncRNA TUC338 in esophageal malignancy.METHODS:Firstly, the expression of TUC338 in 50 instances of esophageal disease tissues and nearby tissues was detected by fluorescence reckonable PCR, and correlations with the clinic pathological characteristics of patients was further analyzed. Then, a lentiviral interference vector was designed and transfected into an esophageal cancer cell line, and knockdown was verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The effects of TUC338 knockdown on the proliferation, clone formation, and migration and infringement of esophageal malignancy cells were tested utilizing the CCK-8 assay, clone formation experiments, and Transwell experiments. Western blot detected the expression of invasion-related proteins.RESULTS:Fluorescence reckonable PCR exhibit that TUC338 was exceptionally communicated in esophageal cancer tissues, and was significantly related with metastasis and TNM stage in tolerant. Functional experiments showed that in esophageal disease cell lines, knocking down the declaration of TUC338 significantly inhibited cell multiplication, clone development, and intrusion and movement. Further experiments on molecular mechanisms showed that knocking down TUC338 inhibited statement of N-cadherin and vimentin in cells.CONCLUSIONS:TUC338 is exceptionally communicated in esophageal malignancy tissues and can regulate cell proliferation and invasion.

目的 探讨血浆EB病毒DNA(Epstein-Barr virus DNA,EBV DNA)水平与鼻咽鳞癌预后之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月我院初治319例无远处转移鼻咽癌患者,均行调强放疗联合或不联合辅助化疗,随访记录患者的生存、复发、转移情况.所有患者在治疗前、放疗结束时、治疗后随访期检测血浆EBV DNA,比较治疗前、放疗结束时血浆EBV DNA的水平,分析血浆EBV DNA水平与患者的生存及肿瘤复发转移之间的关系.结果 患者总体5年总生存率77％,5年无病生存率68.9％,5年无远处转移生存率84.9％.治疗前血浆EBV DNA阳性与阴性者、放疗结束时血浆EBV DNA阳性与阴性者5年总生存率、5年无病生存率、5年无远处转移生存率分别为:71.2％和90.6％,62.2％和86.1％,80.7％和96％;35.6％和81.7％,34.4％ 和72.3％,44.7％ 和88.7％,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).有局部复发的患者治疗前、放疗结束时的血浆EBV DNA水平高于无局部复发的患者,有远处转移的患者治疗前、放疗结束时的血浆EBV DNA水平也高于无远处转移的患者(P<0.05).多因素分析显示,N分期和放疗结束时的血浆EBV DNA水平是鼻咽癌预后的独立预后因素.结论 血浆EBV DNA水平可作为判断鼻咽癌患者预后的重要血清学标志,治疗后随访期应复查血浆EBV DNA水平,对阳性者加强随访,以期及时发现局部复发或远处转移,予以挽救性治疗,改善患者预后.

Objective:To explore the significance of the clinical target volume (CTV) dose optimization in the upper and middle neck in protecting the laryngopharynx, anterior and posterior rings during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and multimodal imaging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:Clinical data of 298 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the following five strategies of CTV dose optimization in the upper and middle neck: group A, complete optimization of bilateral cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), that is, the CTV doses of bilateral CLNs were 50.4 Gy; group B, complete optimization of unilateral CLNs, that is, the CTV dose of unilateral CLNs was 50.4 Gy and the contralateral CLNs was 60 Gy; group C, incomplete optimization of bilateral CLNs, that is, the CTV doses of bilateral CLNs were 50.4 Gy, while the suspicious positive CLNs were selectively boosted to 60 Gy; group D, incomplete optimization of unilateral CLNs, that is, the CTV dose of unilateral CLNs was 50.4 Gy and the suspicious positive CLNs were selectively boosted to 60 Gy, and the CTV dose of contralateral side was 60 Gy; group E: no optimization, that is, the CTV doses of bilateral CLNs were 60 Gy.Results:Among 298 patients, 215 patients received dose optimization and 83 cases did not receive dose optimization. In the dose optimization schemes, 114 cases were assigned in group A, 36 cases in group B, 60 cases in group C and 5 cases in group D. The median (range) follow-up time was 28.5(6.0-46.3) months. The overall survival rate was 95.6%, the progression-free survival rate was 84.2% and the locoregional control rate of CLNs was 98.0%. Local relapse of CLNs occurred in six patients, including 1 case of retropharyngeal lymph node, 4 cases of Ⅱ area and 1 case of Ⅳ area. The P values of average dose of laryngopharynx in group A, group B, group C and group D compared with that in group E were<0.001, 0.016, 0.001 and 0.572, respectively. The P values of the average dose of the anterior ring in group A, group B, group C and group D compared with that in group E were<0.001, 0.011, <0.001 and 0.805, respectively. The P values of the average dose of the posterior ring in group A, group B, group C and group D compared with that in group E were<0.001, 0.004, <0.001 and 0.252, respectively.Conclusions:Combined with the metastatic rules of CLNs and multimodal imaging system, it is safe to optimize the CTV dose of the upper and middle neck during IMRT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, which can significantly reduce the doses of laryngopharynx, anterior and posterior rings, thereby providing evidence for reducing the CTV dose in the upper and middle neck.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is limited by the various severe side-effects and surgery is rarely performed. Iosliquiritigenin has a series of biological activities, such as antiviral, anti-free radical and antitumor. However, the role and underlying mechanism of isoliquiritigenin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma have not been understood yet. Herein, the results revealed that isoliquiritigenin could inhibit cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, including C666-1 and CNE2, in both Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. In addition, isoliquiritigenin promoted nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell apoptosis, with the upregulations of Box, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, isoliquiritigenin suppressed nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells migration and invasion with the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, the expression of miR-32 was up-regulated in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, while isoliquiritigenin could significantly down-regulate the expression of miR-32. And over-expression of miR-32 promoted the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells growth, migration and invasion, and suppressed apoptosis. However, isoliquiritigenin treatment dramatically inhibited the effect of miR-32. Besides, luciferase reporter assay confirmed that large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) was a direct target of miR-32. And isoliquiritigenin increased the expression of LATS2, while silencing of LATS2 promoted the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells growth. Moreover, western blotting discovered that isoliquiritigenin inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells growth via Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, CNE2 cells transplanted xenografts tumor model in nude mice were performed and it suggested that isoliquiritigenin could inhibit the development of xenografts nude mice, along with the decrease of tumor volume and the expression of miR-32 and LATS2. Overall, isoliquiritigenin was confirmed to be a potent anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma compound both in vitro and in vivo, and accomplished by regulation of miR-32/LATS2/Wnt.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate the expression of genes by suppressing translation or facilitating mRNA decay. Their expression regulates a wide variety of cellular processes, including the development and progression of cancer. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant cancer with high morbidity and recurrence in Asia. In the present study, the biological function of miR-125b and its underlying mechanism in ESCC were explored. The results revealed that miR-125b expression was significantly decreased in ESCC tissues and cell lines. A decrease in miR-125b was markedly related to lymphatic metastasis in patients. Functional analysis revealed that the overexpression of miR-125b using miR-125b mimics significantly inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis, and increased the G1 phase of the cell cycle in EC109 and EC9706 cells. Notably, the miR-125b inhibitors revealed the opposite effect. Additionally, overexpression of miR-125b significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, BCL-2-modifying factor (BMF) was considered to be a potential candidate target of miR-125b based on miRNA target databases. miR-125b negatively regulated BMF expression by directly binding to its 3-untranslated region. BMF was a functional target of miR-125b in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and the cell cycle in EC109 and EC9706 cells. In clinical ESCC specimens, BMF expression was upregulated, and negatively correlated with that of miR-125b. In conclusion, miR-125b had an antitumor role in ESCC cells mediated by targeting BMF, which can be potentially useful for tumorigenesis in ESCC.

OBJECTIVE:Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide occurring at upper gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to explore the possible role of long non-coding RNA X Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) in the development of esophageal cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The lncRNA XIST expressions both in esophageal cancer tissues and in cells were investigated. The TE-1 and SKGT-4 cells were transfected with LV-sh-XIST and LV-scramble for the further detection of the effects of XIST expression on cell biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, migration, invasion and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Additionally, the regulatory relationships between lncRNA XIST and miR-494, between miR-494 and CDK6, between miR-494/CDK6 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway were investigated.RESULTS:LncRNA XIST was overespressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cells. Suppression of XIST significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, but induced apoptosis of two kinds of cells, TE-1 and SKGT-4. Moreover, miR-494 was down-regulated in esophageal cancer tissues and cells. XIST could sponge miR-494 and inhibition of miR-494 reversed the effects of XIST suppression on the malignant behaviors of TE-1 cells. Also, CDK6 was a target of miR-494 and CDK6 knockdown reversed the effects of miR-494 inhibition on the malignant behaviors of TE-1 cells. Besides, the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 was increased after miR-494 inhibition, which was reversed after inhibition of miR-494 and CDK6 at the same time.CONCLUSIONS:The data presented in this study revealed that XIST abnormal expression may play an oncogenic role in the development of esophageal cancer via miR-494/CDK6 axis through JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. This study may provide theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism investigation of esophageal cancer.

目的 观察注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ对食管癌患者放射治疗(放疗)期间呕吐等不良反应的临床效果和安全性.方法 选取2014年5月—2017年1月江苏省肿瘤医院放疗科收治的食管癌患者76例,随机分为对照组与观察组.对照组只接受放疗;观察组在接受放疗的同时应用注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ辅助治疗.比较两组治疗前后呕吐等不良反应、药物不良反应发生情况及免疫力.结果 与对照组比较,观察组呕吐和放射性食管炎发生率降低(P<0.05);观察组放疗总有效率(81.6％)较对照组(55.3％)提高(P<0.05),红细胞、白细胞及血小板数量升高(P<0.05);血清中CD3+、CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+升高(P<0.05),而头晕发生率降低(P<0.05).结论 注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ具有降低食管癌放疗患者呕吐等副反应、保护血细胞及提高免疫力的作用,还能增强放疗效果.

Radiation therapy is the standard radical treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but also causes transient as well as long-term complications. Patients who develop severe radiation-induced brainstem injuries have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective medical therapies. However, the relationship between brainstem injury and radiation volume dose is unknown. In this study, we found that radiation-induced brainstem injury was significantly associated with brainstem dose per unit volume.

BACKGROUND:miR-203a-3p was reported as a tumor suppressor and disregulated in many malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its function in tumor growth and metastasis in NPC has rarely been reported.METHODS:The expression level of miR-203a-3p in human NPC tissues and cell lines was detected via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in vitro by MTT, colony formation and transwell assay, respectively. The function of miR-203a-3p in vivo was detected through NPC xenograft tumor growth and lung metastatic mice model. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct target of miR-203a-3p.RESULTS:The expression of miR-203a-3p was decreased in NPC tissues and cell lines in comparison with normal nasopharyngeal tissues and cell line. Ectopic expression of miR-203a-3p inhibited while inhibiting miR-203a-3p expression increased NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. MR-203a-3p overexpression suppressed xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. LASP1 was identified as a direct target of miR-203a-3p, which was confirmed by real-time PCR and western blotting assay. Ectopic expression of LASP1 partially reversed miR-203a-3p-mediated inhibition on proliferation, migration and invasion in NPC cells.CONCLUSION:Collectively, miR-203a-3p suppresses tumor growth and metastasis through targeting LASP1 in NPC. The newly identified miR-203a-3p/LASP1 pathway provides further insights into the initiation and progression of NPC, which may represent a novel therapeutic target for NPC.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and risk factors for locoregional recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods: The clinical diagnosis and treatment data of 195 patients with NPC treated with IMRT from March 2005 to May 2010 (including 9, 24, 70, and 92 cases of stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively, according to the 7th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria) were retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and logistic regression was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The 5-year recurrence rate was 10.8%, and the 5-year local and regional recurrence rates were 8.7% and 3.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the short axis of the cervical lymph nodes (≥3 cm) was an influencing factor for regional lymph node recurrence after IMRT. Conclusion: In-field and high-dose region failures were the main patterns associated with local-regional recurrence, and nasopharyngeal recurrence was most commonly detected. Newly diagnosed patients with large cervical lymph nodes (short diameter ≥3 cm) should be carefully followed up considering regional lymph node recurrence.

MicroRNA-98 (miR-98) is downregulated in many tumors, and is closely related to tumor progression. In addition, it shows anticarcinogenic functions in various tumor. However, few study show that the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of miR-98 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression. The identification and its target genes which regulate by dysregulated miRNAs may strengthen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NPC. In this study, we observe that miR-98 is not only significantly reduced in NPC tissues, but also decreased markedly in NPC cell lines. Moreover, silencing miR-98 expression studies not only show miR-98 induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, but also it promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo in NPC. Furthermore, western blot assay was used to detected the level of STAT3 protein and we demonstrate that miR-98 regulate cells poliferation, migration and invasion through directly modulating functional target STAT3 by directly binding its 3'-UTR. These findings illustrate miR-98 as a anticarcinogenic functions through targeting STAT3, the miR-98/STAT3 pathway gives new clues for understanding NPC carcinogenesis and provides novel therapeutic targetsfor NPC.

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcome, prognostic factors, radiation dose, and toxicities in patients with early-stage primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring (WR-DLBCL) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods This study included 80 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ primary WR-DLBCL who were admitted to our hospital from 2008 to 2015.Only 3 patients received radiotherapy alone, and the other patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy.After chemotherapy, 24 patients achieved complete remission (CR), and 53 patients achieved partial remission (PR).IMRT was given to the primary lesion and cervical lymphatic drainage region.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.The Cox model was used for analysis of prognostic factors.The toxicities were scored using the RTOG criteria.Results The median follow-up was 64 months.The 5-year locoregional control (LRC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 94%, 88%, and 84%, respectively.The dose-volume histogram showed that the maximum, mean, and minimum doses to primary gross tumor volume were 54.47 Gy, 52.27 Gy, and 38.83 Gy, respectively.Prognostic analysis showed that age>60 years and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were influencing factors for OS (P=0.009 and 0.002), and that aged>60 years, IPI ≥2, and increased LDH were influencing factors for PFS (P=0.001, 0.035, and 0.007).Among all patients, 12, 53, and 8 experienced grade 1-3 radiation-induced acute oral mucositis, respectively, and 16 and 13 experienced grade 1 and 2 xerostomia as the late toxicity, respectively.Conclusions For patients with early-stage primary WR-DLBCL, IMRT results in satisfactory OS, PFS, and LRC and has tolerable early or late radiation-induced toxicities.

[目的]评价食管癌外照射放疗后腔内后装加量治疗的不良反应,并分析其治疗疗效.[方法]回顾性分析初诊食管鳞癌患者27例,外照射放疗1～2周后采用192铱腔内后装加量,外照射放疗剂量50～67Gy/25～33f,腔内后装放疗剂量4～10Gy/1～2f,其中16例患者联合化疗.[结果]全组患者近期疗效评价有效率100％,其中CR 15例(55.6％),PR 12例(44.4％).Ⅲ级以上放射性食管炎和血液学毒性分别为1例(3.7％)和6例(22.2％),无食管穿孔及大出血发生.随访中位时间为35个月,至随访截止时食管局部复发4例,死亡6例,2年局部控制率为84.7％,2年和3年生存率分别为88.9％和78.9％.[结论]食管癌外照射放疗后腔内后装加量治疗可耐受,并能获得较好的治疗疗效.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect and toxic reaction between preoperative short-course radiotherapy(SCRT)and preoperative chemo-radiotherapy(CRT)for stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ rectal cancer.Meth-ods Original articles were searched in the Pubmed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,China Journal Full-text Data-base,Wanfang Database and Chinese sci-tech periodical full-text database.Randomized controlled trials compa-ring preoperative short-course radiotherapy and preoperative chemo-radiotherapy for stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ rectal cancer in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included.Data extracted from these trials were ana-lyzed by the software named as RevMan 5.3.Results A total of 2 randomized controlled trials were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the SCRT group is less than CRT group in T downstage rate(RR =0.64,95%CI:0.53 ~0.77,P <0.05),and pathological complete response rate(RR =0.06,95%CI:0.02 ~0.19,P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of sphincter preservation,local recurrence rate, overall survival rate and severe late toxicity rate between the two groups.Conclusions As compared with pre-operative SCRT,CRT can improve the T downstage rate and complete pathologic response rate for stage Ⅱ or Ⅲrectal cancer.

Objective To investigate technology and quality control of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) after breast-conserving surgery of breast cancer.Methods Select 31 cases of breast-conserving surgery breast cancer patients with three-dimensional conformal IMRT, PTV-GTV total dose DT 60-63 Gy, 1f/d, DT2.0-2.1 Gy/f,5 f/w.Result All patients had received irradiation process smoothly with none serious complication.Conclusion IMRT breast cancer conserving surgery, treatment placement process strict quality control procedures to ensure accurate implementation of the treatment plan.

The aim of this work was to investigate the outcome of an autologous dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in patients with stage II/III nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). From 38 patients with stage II/III Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated NPCs after a radiotherapy, 16 human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-positive patients were enrolled and medicated with autologous DCs, which were pulsed with HLA-A2-restricted EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) peptides. The lymphocyte subsets, serum cytokines, and EBV-DNA levels as well as the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were determined after vaccination combined with a radiotherapy/chemotherapy. The serum levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ (P<0.05) as well as the percentage of natural killer and CD4+T cells increased significantly (P<0.05) after the vaccination. Nine of 16 (56.25%) patients showed a positive skin response to the HLA-A2 restricted EBV LMP2A peptides in a DTH test. The serum EBV-DNA level decreased significantly from 1519 ± 384 to 1214 ± 211 copies/mL in the 9 DTH-positive patients (P=0.0310). No unanticipated or serious toxicity was observed and the vaccine was well tolerated. In conclusion, in NPC patients vaccinated after radiotherapy with autologous DCs, which were pulsed with EBV LMP2A peptides, Th1-specific immune responses were elicited particularly in DTH test positive individuals. The clinical results obtained are encouraging and the EBV-specific HLA-A2-restricted DC vaccination is a promising treatment for EBV-related NPCs.