Superelastic alloys for critical applications in extreme environments are required to combine a wide operating temperature range, low temperature sensitivity, and high strength. Achieving this combination is challenging. Drawing from high-entropy and superelastic alloy design principles, this study utilised laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) to fabricate TiZrHfNiCu high-entropy superelastic alloys with excellent forming quality. The intricate composition and swift solidification conditions resulted in a uniform, fine, and isotropic dendritic microstructure within this high-entropy alloy, which comprises the B2 phase, B19' phase, and Zr2Cu-like phase. In comparison to the as-cast material, the LDED-TiZrHfNiCu material exhibits a reduced degree of component segregation and concurrently experiences strain glass transition alongside martensitic crystallisation behaviour. The alloy demonstrated recoverable superelastic strains exceeding 5%, a fracture strength over 2 GPa, and very low temperature sensitivity between 173 K and 473 K. Additionally, this method addresses the difficulties associated with machining superelastic alloys and the challenges associated with manufacturing complex geometries. This study illustrates the fabrication of TiZrHfNiCu alloy via L-DED, offering a new perspective on the preparation of high-strength, wide-temperature-range superelastic alloys and providing insights into phase-structure transformations and microstructural evolution in additively manufactured high-entropy superelastic alloys. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using L-DED technology to fabricate high-performance high-entropy shape memory alloys.Refined composite microstructures were achieved under non-equilibrium solidification conditions.The (TiZrHf)(5)(0)(NiCu)(5)(0) alloy fabricated by L-DED exhibits high strength and stable superelasticity over a wide temperature range.The interplay between compositional segregation and composite microstructure promotes the coordinated occurrence of reversible martensitic transformation and strain glass transition.This study established correlations between the manufacturing process, microstructure, and mechanical properties.

This paper proposes an adaptive residual extended Kalman filter method optimized by a multi-strategy improved parrot optimization algorithm (MIPO-ARKEKF) to improve the kinematic parameter calibration accuracy and efficiency of robotic polishing systems. To address the limitations of the standard extended Kalman filter (EKF), such as truncation-error accumulation during repeated linearization and sensitivity to manually selected noise parameters, an integrated improvement framework is developed. Specifically, a gradient stabilizer based on state-estimation increments is introduced to alleviate estimation degradation caused by accumulated truncation errors, while the proposed MIPO algorithm is employed to adaptively optimize the process and measurement noise covariance matrices, thereby improving the robustness of parameter identification under practical measurement uncertainty. The calibration process is established on the basis of high-precision external measurement data obtained from the robotic polishing system. In benchmark-function tests, MIPO demonstrates superior convergence performance. In physical experiments based on a KUKA KR210 R2700 robot, the proposed MIPO-ARKEKF method reduces the root mean square positioning error from 0.8927 mm to 0.4858 mm, corresponding to a 45.58% improvement in accuracy. Compared with representative hybrid calibration methods, the proposed method achieves comparable compensation accuracy while reducing computation time by 34.88% to 65.08%. Practical polishing experiments on ultra-low-expansion glass lenses further verify that the proposed method effectively improves end-effector trajectory tracking accuracy and polishing quality, providing an efficient solution for high-precision robotic polishing.

Three-dimensional lattice structures display outstanding mechanical attributes and deformation behaviors, making them viable options in aerospace engineering due to their effectiveness as lightweight load-supporting elements and vibration dampening systems. Inspired by the sturdy framework of Arapaima scales, celebrated for their exceptional mechanical qualities, this research presents a new energy-dissipating three-dimensional lattice configuration. A thorough examination of the compressive responses of this pioneering structure is performed using a diverse methodology that includes theoretical computations, empirical assessments, and computational modeling. Mathematical derivations clarifying the elastic modulus of the structure are developed through detailed stress analysis frameworks. Utilizing selective laser melting technology with 304 stainless steel, three variants of three-dimensional lattice structures are produced: the bio-inspired design, a negative Poisson ratio configuration, and a design incorporating BCC cellular units. A detailed finite element analysis was conducted to explore the deformation process and predict potential failure points. The theoretical estimation, simulation results and experimental data of the elastic modulus are consistent. The findings demonstrate the superior mechanical characteristics and notable energy absorption potential embedded in the innovative three-dimensional lattice structure. These results not only validate the effectiveness of this configuration but also lay a critical groundwork for future innovations in structural designs within the aerospace field.

Biological materials exhibit exceptional mechanical properties due to their complex interpenetrating phase structures. Inspired by this phenomenon, we investigate how spatial configuration, rather than material selection alone, influences the performance of interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) used in bone implants. We fabricated four types of Ti6Al4V scaffolds with typical spatial configurations using the laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) technique. Zn, known for its excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, was infiltrated into these scaffolds to produce IPCs, which were then subjected to mechanical performance and biological tests. The study revealed that structures exhibiting stretching deformation demonstrated superior load-bearing capacity. Additionally, the IPCs corresponding to the sheet structure demonstrated a greater cyclic stress softening ratio and improved stress retention capability. Ti6Al4V/Zn IPCs with different spatial configurations exhibited excellent cell activity and antibacterial capability. For bone implants, the TS3/CS3 structure is optimal, balancing mechanical and biological requirements. This study demonstrates that tuning the spatial configuration of Ti6Al4V/Zn IPCs provides a viable strategy for developing bone implants with dynamically adaptive mechanical properties and enhanced bio-integration. This approach has the potential to improve long-term stability and reduce complication rates in orthopedic surgeries.

The failure of burn wound healing is fundamentally driven by a confluence of factors, including excessive inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, infection-induced neutrophil infiltration, and, critically, delayed formation of granulation tissue. Developing an immunomodulatory hydrogel dressing is therefore essential for optimizing burn wound repair. To address this need, this study developed a P(H-G)/O/CuS composite injectable hydrogel dressing. This system incorporates inherent immune regulation and repair capabilities designed to accelerate wound closure. The hydrogel structure is built upon a copolymer backbone network, featuring a dynamic cross-linked mechanism mediated by Schiff base bonds, which encapsulate uniformly dispersed CuS nanoparticles (CuS NPs). These materials confer excellent mechanical strength, favorable wound conformability, and a moderate swelling capacity crucial for sustained moisture retention. Crucially, the P(H-G)/O/CuS system operates without requiring any exogenous active ingredients. The controlled release of copper-based components, combined with the dynamic cross-linking characteristics, modulates the inflammatory microenvironment of the burn injury. This dual mechanism suppresses hyperinflammation and drives macrophage polarization toward the reparative M2 phenotype, thereby initiating tissue restoration. Additionally, the inherent antibacterial activity of the released Cu2+ ions minimizes the potential for wound infection. Consequently, this composite represents a compelling new dressing alternative for clinical application in burn management.

Aiming at the technical bottleneck that traditional porous structures can hardly achieve mechanical load-bearing and acoustic regulation simultaneously, this study designs and fabricates three implicit surface porous structures (Gyroid, Diamond, Lidinoid) based on the bionic principle of trabecular bone. Experimental characterization and numerical analysis of their mechano-acoustic coupling performance are systematically carried out. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is employed to realize the integrated forming of 316L bionic structures. Quasi-static compression experiments and finite element simulations are conducted to reveal the progressive deformation mechanism and energy absorption characteristics of different topological configurations. The results indicate that the Diamond structure exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance in terms of load-bearing capacity, specific energy absorption and isotropy. On this basis, the sound absorption and sound insulation performances of the structures are evaluated via an acoustic impedance tube test. The results show that the Diamond structure possesses a remarkably higher sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation value in the high-frequency range than other configurations, demonstrating excellent acoustic energy dissipation and sound wave isolation capability. The research indicates that the synergistic optimization of mechanical and acoustic performances can be achieved by regulating the Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) topological configuration. Benefiting from its efficient stress transfer paths and intricate sound wave propagation channels, the Diamond structure realizes the coupling of high load-bearing capacity, superior energy absorption and favorable acoustic performance. This work provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the design of bionic porous structures in multifunctional scenarios such as bone implants and protective noise reduction.

The current metal orthopedic implant materials cannot fully meet the clinical requirements in terms of mechanical compatibility, biological activity, antibacterial properties and bone integration capabilities. Inspired by the structure of beetle elytra and exoskeletons, this study fabricated nickel-titanium (NiTi) porous scaffolds with biomimetic topological configurations through Selective laser melting (SLM) and constructed NiTi-Mg interpenetrating phase composites (NiTi-Mg IPCs) via pressureless infiltration. NiTi-Mg biomimetic structure (NMS) with a biomimetic NiTi structure (BS) achieve an optimal balance of mechanical compatibility, controlled degradation, and biological functionality for bone implant applications. Mechanical tests and finite element simulations show compressive strengths of 283 to 518 MPa, yield strengths of 125 to 163 MPa, and elastic moduli of 2.76 to 3.56 GPa, closely matching human cortical bone and reducing stress shielding. The incorporation of Mg enhances toughness, compensates for the high rigidity of NiTi-Mg, and enables high strength with a low modulus. Electrochemical results indicate that Mg degrades controllably in simulated physiological environments while the NiTi framework retains structural integrity, thereby avoiding premature mechanical failure. In vitro experiments revealed that the cellular activity of NMS was 200% higher than that of NiTi, with its antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) reaching 99%, demonstrating that Mg incorporation effectively enhances the biological activity and antibacterial performance of inert metallic materials. In vivo murine experiments, via quantitative computed tomography (CT) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, further verified that NMS exhibited superior osseointegration capacity to bulk NiTi and BS.

The biofidelity of Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) is critical for accurate human injury assessment in automotive passive safety. However, current ATDs ribs exhibit significant differences from human ribs in both structural and mechanical properties. Moreover, unknown physical conditions in Post-Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) rib dynamic bending tests make it difficult to reproduce the time-domain responses of PMHS experiments using finite element models (FEMs). This study proposes a mechanical analysis model (MAM) with four equivalent parameters: mass factor beta, coefficient of restitution e, foam stiffness KF, and equivalent rib stiffness KR. Based on PMHS test data, the dynamic bending test is accurately reconstructed within the FEM by identifying beta, e, and KF in the MAM. The reconstructed model shows excellent agreement with PMHS time-domain data in key mechanical indices such as fracture time, fracture force and deflection, with a maximum error not exceeding 4 %. Furthermore, a variable cross-section design method based on a two-tangent parameter approach is developed, combined with a nonlinear material stiffness, to achieve both the structural design and expression of KR for the bionic ribs. By modifying the physical material properties via MAM, coupling between the bionic ribs and human ribs in both geometric configuration and mechanical performance is accomplished. To validate the effectiveness of the MAM, bionic ribs made of steel - PVC composites are designed and simulated using THUMS ribs as a benchmark. The results show that the bionic ribs have a mean absolute error of 0.743 +/- 0.350 mm in centroidal path, exhibit nonlinear stiffness behavior consistent with THUMS under dynamic bending, and demonstrate mean relative errors of 2.569 % in rib force and 0.255 % in deflection at fracture time, with a maximum error below 7 %. The MAM-based design approach effectively improves biofidelity and model accuracy, demonstrating strong practical applicability.

Owing to its superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, 316L stainless steel is widely used in medical and industrial applications. Achieving a simultaneous improvement in the strength-ductility balance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of 316L, however, remains challenging. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) has demonstrated considerable potential both for fabricating complex, fine-scale 316L architectures and for enabling in situ alloying. In this study, 316L was alloyed with silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic particles (average grain size 1 mu m) via L-PBF, producing a refined, heterogeneous composite microstructure. Relative to L-PBFprocessed 316L without SiC, the ultimate tensile strength of the 316L-4SiC sample reached 1.2 GPa, an increase of approximately 105.5%, while preserving a strain exceeding 12%. Vickers hardness rose from 271.183 HV to 419.913 HV, an increase of about 55%. Tribological performance was also substantially improved: wear-track depth fell from 101 mu m to 74 mu m (a reduction of approximately 27%) and the wear rate reached as low as 1.17 & times; 10 mm3/N & sdot;m, representing an improvement of roughly 51%. This study investigates the synergistic mechanisms that improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel. The results show that the in-situ alloying method and the reinforcing phase particles interact closely, providing useful guidance for the design of 316L stainless steel with specialised functions.

NiTi alloy due to its unique shape memory effect and damping property, has become an emerging material in orthopedics. The selective laser melting (SLM) technology enables the precise molding of NiTi alloy implants. However, SLM-NiTi alloy bone implants still have problems such as insufficient corrosion resistance, limited compatibility with biological tissues, and the absence of antibacterial properties. This study utilized electrochemical deposition and impregnation-impingement techniques to deposit a composite coating composed of hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone/chitosan (HA/PCL/CHI) on the surface of SLM-NiTi alloy. The research results showed that the HA/PCL/CHI coating had excellent corrosion resistance, reducing the corrosion current density (Icorr) by nearly four orders of magnitude (from 1.0 f 1.1 & times; 10-6 to 2.3 f 0.8 & times; 10-10 mA/cm2). Moreover, this coating exhibited good long-term stability, maintaining a complete and dense surface even after being exposed to simulated body fluid for 30 days. The in vitro biocompatibility test demonstrated that these HA/PCL/CHI coatings significantly enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. The bacterial inhibition test also confirmed that the HA/PCL/CHI coating successfully inhibited bacterial growth, with antibacterial response of 96.5 f 2.62 % and 97.2 f 2.69 %. Therefore, the HA/PCL/CHI composite coating is of crucial significance for promoting the clinical application of SLM-NiTi alloy in orthopedics.

Industrial robots are indispensable equipment in automated production lines and play a crucial role in advancing the development of intelligent manufacturing. Bearings are key components within robot joints. To ensure the precise execution of operational tasks and to prevent potential safety accidents in a timely manner, it is essential to perform fault diagnosis on the bearings within robot joints. However, fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning typically require a large amount of fault measurement data, which can be challenging to obtain due to various constraints. To address the issue of insufficient data, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the integration of digital twin technology and MTF-ResTLN. First, a digital twin model of the industrial robot is established, and fault excitations are injected into different nodes of the twin model to generate fault data under various node conditions. The measured data are then combined with the simulated fault data to form a training dataset. Furthermore, a novel classifier is developed by integrating the Markov Transition Field with a Residual Transfer Learning Network. It achieves cross-domain fault diagnosis and enhances the capability of fault diagnosis.

Bionic lattice structures with high-energy absorption and compression reversibility play crucial roles in aerospace and other engineering applications. However, the realization of these functions depends heavily on the material selection and structural design. In this study, two types of bionic structures, a Bionic Lattice Structure (BLS) and a Bionic Lattice Cubic Structure (BLCS), were prepared by Laser Powder Bed Melting (LPBF), inspired by Arapaima scales, and combined with NiTi shape-memory alloys. Quasistatic compression, cyclic compression, and recovery tests were conducted to investigate the energy absorption performance and reusability of the different structures. The results revealed that BLCS exhibited an excellent Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) response, which was almost double that of BLS, while local fractures occurred when the strain reached 13 %. Interestingly, the strain value of BLS reached 25 %. Therefore, by combining the advantages of the two bionic structures, improvements were made to the BLCS and a hybrid structure with various configurations was achieved through the integration of the BLS. The fracture strain and recovery rate of the lattice structure were 25 % and 98.2 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the SEA of lattice structure increased by 124 % and 16 % compared of with those of BLC and BLCS. Ultimately, a numerical simulation was applied to optimize the analysis of the structures, which indicates that the SEA of the structure increases as a function of wall thickness and spiral angle. This study offers a strategy for achieving exceptional energy absorption performance and repeated energy absorption at high-compression strains in NiTi bionic structures. Simultaneously, it is expected to promote the engineering applications of this bionic multifunctional NiTi alloy structure with both high-energy absorption and high-recovery characteristics.

As traditional bone implants encounter challenges such as stress shielding and inadequate osseointegration, it is imperative to investigate biomimetic gradient triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures to enhance osseointegration performance and mitigate stress shielding effects. Four bioinspired gradient structures were designed based on the Gyroid structure: Gyroid Gradient (Gyroid-G), Gyroid Symmetric (Gyroid-S), Gyroid Large-to-Small (Gyroid-LS), and Gyroid Small-to-Large (Gyroid-SL). The corresponding samples were fabricated using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology. Through numerical simulations and experimental tests, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the stress distribution and permeability characteristics of these biomimetic gradient structures. The results indicate that, compared to homogeneous Gyroid structures, the Gyroid-SL structure exhibits over a 10% improvement in elastic modulus and more than a 3% enhancement in permeability. The Gyroid-S structure demonstrates over a 6% improvement in both elastic modulus and permeability compared to homogeneous Gyroid structures. In this study, the comparison of elastic modulus was based on experimental testing, while the permeability comparison was derived from CFD simulations. In vitro cell experiments further confirmed that all four strategies exhibit excellent cytocompatibility. The proposed biomimetic gradient design strategy effectively regulates the balance between mechanical properties and permeability, demonstrating significant potential for bone repair applications.

Inspired by the corrugated structures and twisted fiber structure of yak horns, this study employs Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology to fabricate a series of bionic Ti6Al4V (TC4) lattice structures. Body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) structures are utilized as control groups to compare mechanical indicators and deformation patterns, thereby validating the mechanical feasibility of this bionic strategy. Through quasi-static compression tests and finite element analysis, the results indicate that the BYK structure (BYK1.0-0.8) achieved a maximum compressive strength of 270.29 MPa and a specific energy absorption of 59.43 J/g, which can be attributed to the optimization of truss diameter and angle parameters. In comparison to the original structure (BYK0.8-1.0), these values reflect improvements of 88.0% and 80.38%, respectively. Furthermore, various bionic gradient structures are developed based on angle parameters and truss diameters. The results demonstrated that the crushing force efficiency of the gradient structures is nearly 40% higher than that of the uniform lattices. This work provides valuable insights for the design of high-performance energyabsorbing structures with potential applications in aerospace and automotive engineering.

Stress shielding caused by metal implants may result in implant failure due to the mismatched mechanical properties between metal implants and bone. Meanwhile the bio-inertia nature of metal implants often leads to poor osseointegration. Herein, a triply-bioinspired strategy called ‘topology-micromorphology-component-trio’ is proposed to solve these two problems and to enable metal implants for drug delivery. First, to mimic the topology of spongy bone tissues, Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) scaffolds of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) lattices (Gyroid, Split-P and Schwarz) and strut-based lattices (Weaire Phelan and Diamond) were designed with Large (L) and Small (S) pores and manufactured by 3D printing. Second, various alkaline treatments were tested on TC4 to achieve a micromorphology with microfibers resembling blood clots. Third, an injectable hydrogel mimicking extracellular matrix components was infused into porous TC4 scaffolds. It was then photo-crosslinked to obtain TC4 scaffolds with interpenetrating Double Network (DN) hydrogel. Overall, the L-Gyroid lattice of TPMS shows superior 3D-printing manufacturability, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility than the others. The alkaline treatment condition of 16.6 wt

NiTi shows great potential in bone repair applications due to its high strength and deformation recovery properties. However, existing NiTi additive structures often face challenges, including structural instability under load and stress shielding due to increased stiffness. Inspired by beetle elytra and cuticles found in nature, various composite biomimetic bone structures have been developed using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. By comparing the mechanical properties and deformation patterns of composite bionic bone structures with those of single bionic bone structures, this study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating multiple biological features of the same organism into the same skeletal structure. This study used finite element analysis and static compression testing to establish traditional face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) scaffolds as control groups and compared them with several quadrilateral cross-section composite biomimetic skeleton structures. The comparison results confirm the advantages of the bionic strategy over traditional structures. Additionally, this study compares the effects of geometric cross-sectional shapes on the mechanical properties and deformation patterns of bionic bones. Analysis shows that the hexagonal cross-section bionic beetle symmetric rib structure (BBSRS6) has low modulus, high strength and good stress conduction properties, making it the best skeleton for this study. In addition, the bionic beetle symmetrical rib structure (BBSRS6) achieved a response rate of 98.33 % in the shape memory recovery test, showing good deformation recovery performance and having broad application prospects in the field of bone repair.

The nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy implant materials produced by using the laser powder bed melting (LPBF) technique exhibit significant potential for application. The coating modification method can further enhance the surface biological functions of the alloy implants. This study presents a coating of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, siloxane, and chitosan (DCPD-PMTMS-CS) applied to the surface of NiTi alloys through electrochemical deposition and dip coating methods. This coating enhances the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of the alloy's surface. The findings indicate that the corrosion current density decreases (from 1.5 × 10-6 to 1.2 × 10-8 A/cm2), demonstrating a significant improvement compared to bare NiTi alloy. Furthermore, the cell vitality reached an impressive 108%. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus exceeded 70%, effectively mitigating the risk of postoperative infections. The DCPD-PMTMS-CS composite coating holds promise for facilitating the broader application of LPBF-NiTi in the medical implantation sector.

Usually peeling and cracking were big challenges for thick ceramic coatings during plasma spraying process. Due to the energy dissipation effect of the lamellar structure, coatings featuring a lamellar structure illustrates an outstanding means for creating materials with high strength, high toughness and low cracking tendency. In this study plasma spraying was used to create Al/Al2O3 lamellar structure coatings on aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and 1045 steel respectively. Adhesion, wear resistance, crack resistance, and microstructural properties were studied in detail in this paper. The results demonstrated that, compared to pure Al2O3 coatings, the crack resistance and adhesion of Al/Al2O3 lamellar coatings were improved obviously. The depth of the wear scars and the frictional coefficient also decreased for lamellar coatings, which may be a sign that the wear resistance was also improved.

This study investigates the microstructural, phase transformation behavior, mechanical, and wear resistance of Ni50.8Ti49.2 shape memory alloys (SMAs) produced through Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) techniques compared to conventional casting. It was found that LPBF-NiTi alloy exhibited a reduced grain size and a notably increased phase transformation temperature, accompanied by a latent heat of transformation that is twice as high as that observed in NiTi ingots. LPBF-NiTi alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance and superior wear compared to NiTi ingots. The wear volume of LPBF-NiTi samples was quantitatively assessed to be 27.7 % inferior to that of NiTi ingot. The repeated thermal cycling during LPBF causes Ni evaporation in NiTi phase, reducing critical stress for martensitic transformation. LPBF-NiTi sample is highly susceptible to martensitic transformation under the same contact load. Moreover, smaller grain sizes, a higher relative density of dislocations, and the lattice distortions and strain fields induced by Ti4Ni2Ox precipitates significantly enhance the strength of LPBF-NiTi samples. This research offers theoretical insights for the practical application of LPBF-NiTi alloy in manufacturing wear-resistant components with complex geometries for engineering purposes.

The emergence of additive manufacturing technology, particularly laser powder bed fusion, has revitalized NiTi alloy production. However, challenges arise regarding its mechanical properties and diminishing shape memory effect, which hinder its widespread application. Heat treatment has been identified as a method to enhance the performance of metallic materials in the realm of additive manufacturing. This process eliminates residual stress and enhances performance through precipitation strengthening. This study conducted a comprehensive annealing investigation on NiTi alloys to explore the impact of annealing time and temperature on the phase transformation behavior and shape memory performance. The mechanism underlying the performance enhancement was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The findings revealed that different annealing conditions resulted in multistep phase transformation behavior, with the 500 degrees C-5 h sample exhibiting the best mechanical properties owing to the formation of nanoscale dispersed precipitates like Ni4Ti3. However, higher temperatures led to larger precipitates, significantly weakening the properties of the NiTi alloy. Additionally, the annealing treatment did not have a notable impact on the grain size, texture strength, or direction. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the heat treatment process of LPBF-NiTi alloys.