Ionic thermocells (iTCs) with high ionic thermopower are promising for low-grade waste heat harvesting. However, due to its limited heat transfer through natural convection, the static iTCs with low thermal conductivity would rapidly overheat and cannot operate normally under continuous heat flux density conditions, restricting its practical application. Hence, an aqueous liquid-flow ionic thermocell (LiTC) with effective cooling and thermoelectric performance was proposed for high heat flux density heat harvesting, aiming to comprehensively evaluate the trade-off between cooling and thermoelectric performance. The thermo-mass-electric synergy mechanism of LiTCs were systematically investigated through experiments and simulations. Results showed that the LiTCs effectively boosted ionic transport by mitigating concentration polarization, thus enhancing power output. Concentration resistance significantly decreased from 29.95 to 2.07Ω with increasing flow rate to 6 × 10−2 m/s, while inevitably increased pump power consumption, showing a 29.59 mW/m2 maximum net power density at 6 × 10−4 m/s. Under constant heat flux, the LiTCs withstood a maximum heat flux density of 102000 W/m2 at 6 × 10−2 m/s, much higher than 2700 W/m2 of iTCs. A ring-shaped LiTCs was proposed to match circular tube heat transfer structure, achieving effective cooling and thermoelectric conversion. This provides a theoretical basis for its practical application at high heat flux density.

The efficient utilization of biomass is an important way to mitigate climate change and achieve a carbon neutrality strategy. This paper carries out a novel biomass-to-X (BtX) system for electricity, methanol, heating, cooling, and liquid CO2 generation. Based on different waste heat utilization methods, five system operating modes are proposed to evaluate the impact of different product preferences. The energy, exergy, and economic performance of the operating modes are compared and analyzed. An improved exergo-carbon analysis combined with energy level theory and fuel-product distribution principle is proposed to explore the carbon footprint from fuels to products. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the BtX system is performed. The results show that the energy efficiency of mode 3 with priority cooling supply is the highest (60.4%), which is 9.5% higher than the basic operating mode 1. Meanwhile, the investment recovery cycle of mode 3 is the lowest (5.46 years). Mode 5, applying the chilled water for cooling gases, could reduce operating cost of the BtX system by 9.7%. The carbon footprint of biomass accounts for more than 90% of the total carbon input. The carbon footprint of supplement solution for mode 5 is 61.8% lower than other modes. The unit exergy carbon of methanol is about 300 kg/MWh for different modes. The unit exergy carbon of electricity and heating for mode 2 with priority heating supply are lowest (26.7 kg/MWh and 78.3 kg/MWh). Mode 4, prioritizing electricity production, is more sensitive to changes in labor costs due to its worst economic conditions.

The increasing demand for biogas utilization has driven the development of efficient CO2/CH4 separation membranes. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to systematically explore the adsorption and diffusion behavior of CO2/CH4 mixtures in reconstructed nitrogen-doped biochar (N-BC) membranes from a thermodynamic perspective. Results reveal that CO2 preferentially binds to N-BC due to the anchoring effect, whereas CH4 is displaced toward relatively accessible pore regions, especially under low CO2 loading. Radial distribution function and interaction-energy analyses further show that CO2 capture is primarily driven by strong surface interactions, whereas CH4 lacks specific adsorption sites and is mainly affected by weak nonspecific van der Waals interactions and geometric confinement. As the CO2/CH4 ratio increases, the CO2 transport is strongly restricted in N-BC membranes, while CH4 maintains relatively less restricted diffusion at low CO2 loading, contributing to favorable intrinsic selectivity. The configurational entropy indicates that N-doped biochar effectively translates the thermodynamic advantage of CO2 adsorption into a kinetic advantage for CH4 permeation. These molecular-level insights into energy-entropy competition provide a robust theoretical foundation for the structural optimization and functional design of high-performance separation membrane materials.

In order to reduce gas consumption and increase the renewable energy proportion, this paper proposes a poly-generation system that couples geothermal, solar, and liquid natural gas (LNG) cold energy to produce steam, gaseous natural gas, and low-temperature nitrogen. The high-temperature flue gas is used to heat LNG; low-temperature flue gas, mainly nitrogen, can be used for cold storage cooling, enabling the staged utilization of the energy. Solar shortwave is used for power generation, and longwave is used to heat the working medium, which realizes the full spectrum utilization of solar energy. The influence of different equipment and operating parameters on the performance of a steam generation system is studied, and the multi-objective model of the multi-generation system is established and optimized. The results show that for every 100 W/m2 increase in solar radiation, the renewable energy ratio of the system increases by 1.5%. For every 10% increase in partial load rate of gas boiler, the proportion of renewable energy decreases by 1.27%. The system’s energy efficiency, cooling output, and the LNG vaporization flow rate are negatively correlated with the scale of solar energy utilization equipment. The decision variables determined by the TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) method have better economic performance. Its investment cost is 18.14 × 10 CNY, which is 7.83% lower than that of the LINMAP (linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference). Meanwhile, the proportion of renewable energy is only 0.29% lower than that of LINMAP.

In this work, the flow characteristics of binary particles with different densities and sizes in a liquid-solid fluidized bed with sinusoidal pulsating liquid velocity are numerically simulated using the Euler-Euler-Euler multiphase flow model. The simulation data are compared with the experimental results obtained from a self- built experimental system to validate the model's accuracy. The main research findings are as follows: (1) The average deviation of the axial solid holdup of binary particles decreases with the increasing pulsation period, while the relative velocity between phases increases with the increase in pulsation period. (2) The deviation of axial solid holdup of binary particles reaches its lowest value when the pulsation amplitude is nearby 1 m s- 1, and the relative velocity between phases increases with the increase in pulsation amplitude. (3) Regression equations for the relative velocities between liquid and solid phases and the average deviation of axial solid holdup are derived.

A stacked pulsating gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (SPCF-MFC) was proposed and constructed to further improve the power generation and sewage treatment performance. The impact of pulse frequency (f), pulse amplitude (A), solid circulating rate (Gs) and gas flow rate (Qg) on the maximum output voltage (Um), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate (Rc) and comprehensive energy consumption (W) of the system was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). The results indicated that the introduction of pulsed liquid flow coupled with gas-liquid-solid circulation operation mode can effectively improve the power output and sewage treatment efficiency. Based on the response regression model, the optimal operating condition (f = 0.268 Hz, A = 0.073 m/s, Gs = 2.88 kg/(m2 & sdot;s), Qg = 1.85 L/min) was obtained. The deviation between the predicted and experimental results was less than +/- 2.5 %, which verified the accuracy of the regression model.

The thermal transport of electrocatalytic CO2 reductions (CO2RR) and battery technology is directly related to the performance and lifetime of the system. The interfacial structure evolution has an important influence on the thermal management of the system. In this study, the influence of structural evolution on the interfacial thermal transport of a CO2/ionic liquid(IL) electrolyte-electrode surface is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The nonmonotonic interfacial dependence of interfacial resistance (Rk) is revealed based on the electric and structural properties. As the potential initiates, an alternating oscillatory arrangements both of ions and CO2 are presented. With the potential increases, the density peaks of [Tf2N]-/CO2 in electric double layer (EDL) is enlarged layer by layer while the location of [Tf2N]- shifts to the surface. In consequence, the layering transition decreases Rk sharply. Once the potential exceeds 10 V, the charge separation phenomenon happens while the [Tf2N]-/CO2 layer cannot completely screen the electrode charge. The entropy decreases sharply and the Rk is dominated effected by the orientation transition, the anions gradually align parallel to the surface while the CO2 shifts its alignment from parallel to perpendicular to the electrode. As a results, the transmission peaks in the vibrational spectrum are broadened and then decreases Rk further. The occurrence of entropy transition is examined by the structure evolution. For the ion spacing, the ratio of anions-CO2 reaches a maximum value at 10 V, while the most ordered configuration between anions-CO2 are observed. From the energy analysis, the Coulomb interaction reaches maximum value and the anions begins to dominate the EDL structure, which reaffirmed the predictions from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. These studies provide fundamental insight of thermal energy transport mechanisms at CO2/IL-electrode interface and enable detailed investigation energy transfer in the chemical engineering.

Efforts to optimize the performance of organic/inorganic composites are hindered by a limited understanding of calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), the primary hydration product of mineral composite cement, and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM) interfacial interaction mechanisms. This study systematically investigates the effects of Al/Si ratios (0.05, 0.10, 0.20) in C-A-S-H and hydrolysis degrees (0.11, 0.22, 0.44) in PAM on the interface structure, dynamics, energetics, and mechanical properties of C-A-S-H/PAM composites. Results show that higher Al/Si ratios enhance the order and electronegativity of the silicon-aluminum oxygen chain, reducing Ca2+ and water molecule intrusion into C-A-S-H and PAM. The OP-Ca-OC bond plays a critical role in linking C-A-S-H and PAM. Water molecules tend to migrate into the interior of PAM and form more hydrogen bonds with it when the Al/Si ratio is low and the hydrolysis degree is high, and increased by 61.1% at its peak, weakens this bond and reduces interfacial tensile properties. The failure mode and tensile strength of the composite material depend on the strength and stability of the chemical bonds at the interface. High hydrolysis degree PAM can enhance the interfacial tensile strength and ductility of the composite material, attributed to the increased -COO- groups, with stress rising by 44.6% at a hydrolysis degree of 0.44 compared to 0.11. This investigate aims to clarify the mechanism by which partially hydrolyzed PAM influences the interfacial properties of mineral composite cement, providing valuable insights to the selection, design, and fabrication of highductility cement formulations.

This study employed a two-stage fixed-bed pyrolysis-reforming reactor to investigate H2 production behaviors from municipal solid waste (MSW) and biomass with their self-derived catalysts under different operating parameters. The self-derived catalysts are prepared by mechanically mixing pyrolysis-derived chars with CaO and iron powders. The main results are as follows: (1) The higher oxygen content in biomass facilitates oxidative dehydrogenation reactions, enabling in situ generation of H2O, which results in a higher H2/CO ratio for biomass compared to MSW under steam-free conditions. (2) There are optimal values for the reforming temperature and steam-to-feedstock ratio (S/F) to achieve best performance. In the presence of steam, MSW generally exhibits superior H2 and syngas production performance to biomass; (3) Both MSW char (MSWC)- and biomass char (BC)-based catalysts showed satisfied H2 production and tar cracking performance at 850–900 °C, and the MSWC-based catalyst demonstrated better catalytic activity than the BC-based catalyst due to its higher contents of several active metals. In addition, the iron powder can be recycled easily, proving the effectiveness of the self-derived convenient and cheap catalysts.

Biomass chemical looping gasification (BCLG) could enable cleaner biomass utilization and provide advantages for carbon capture and storage (CCS) of the syngas. This work investigates a novel multi-generation system that combines the BCLG system, water gas shift (WGS) system, CCS system with phase-change separation (PCS) technology, and organic Rankine flash cycle (ORFC). The high-quality steam from the BCLG system is used to regenerate biphasic solution, medium-temperature liquids generate electricity, and low-quality liquids supply domestic hot water. Based on the energy, exergy, and economic analysis, the proposed system is compared with the reference system. Then, the key components of high energy consumption and exergy destruction are analyzed using the energy utilization diagram (EUD) method based on the emergy evaluation. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is performed. The energy efficiency of the proposed system is 57.51% and 11.51% higher than the reference system. The levelized cost of energy and the payback period of the multi-generation system are 24.2 $/MWh and 6.61 years, respectively. The EUD results show that the heat absorption of pyrolysis and gasification for the FR is 7.4 MW lower than that of the traditional gasification. Due to the high energy level of the oxygen carrier, the exergy destruction of the FR is highest (56.1 MW). For the CCS-PCS system, the total energy demand for heating the biphasic solution is 45.4% lower than that of the traditional CCS system. The levelized cost of energy and payback period decreases and then increases with the increase of the FR temperature.

Ionic thermocells (iTCs) with high ionic thermopower are promising for low-grade waste heat harvesting. The integration of p-n type iTCs in series would be inevitably required for sufficient voltage output. However, ionic thermopower (Si) and power density (P-max/Delta T-2) of n-type iTCs are fairly lower due to the limitation of redox reaction kinetics and ionic transport processes, and cannot match with the advanced p-type iTCs, significantly restricting their amplification. Herein, we demonstrated a cost-effective n-type liquid flow thermocells (LiTCs) with giant ionic thermopower and power density through solvation entropy engineering. The n-type LiTCs consisted of a Y-shaped channel with the separate oxidant and reductant flow alone. During the mixing process of separate FeCl3 and FeCl2 electrolytes flow alone, it can significantly degrade the complexes of Fe(H2O)5Cl(2)(+), and thus increase ionic kinetics and redox solvation entropy induced by the interaction of Fe3+ and water molecules. The Siof LiTCs can be dramatically boosted from +1 to +50.5 mV K-1 at the separate 0.01 mol L-1 FeCl3 and FeCl2 electrolytes flow, which is 38.8 times larger than that of typical n-type iTCs. The Pmax/Delta T-2 and Carnotrelative efficiency can reach the highest of 16.4 mW m(-2) K-2 and 4.4 %, much larger than the previous records. As a consequence, the ionic thermoelectric device comprised of 6 n-p type LiTCs is constructed and can output a continuous and reliable voltage of 1.7 V at 20 K temperature difference. The n-type LiTCs with a competitive cost-performance metric (1.06 $ W-1) present a promising for the practical application.

In practical combustion systems, the fuel-air mixture often exists in a partially premixed state, where the flame propagation characteristics critically influence the heat release behavior and energy conversion efficiency. Due to the combined effects of the concentration stratification, turbulent disturbances, and inherent flame instabilities, the propagation dynamics of partially premixed flames exhibit strong nonlinearity and complexity. To gain deeper insights into these mechanisms, this study employs a self-developed constant-volume combustion bomb platform to experimentally investigate CH4/H2/air mixtures under varying equivalence ratios (0.5, 0.7, 0.9), hydrogen fractions (10 %-40 %), and levels of partial premixing (mixture formation times from 10 ms to 3 min), focusing on flame propagation speed, structure, stretch sensitivity, and instability behavior. The results reveal that increasing the degree of partial premixing, hydrogen content, and equivalence ratio all significantly accelerates flame propagation. The effect of partial premixing is more pronounced for fuel-lean, hydrogen-rich flames. The relative thermal expansion ratio is introduced as an effective indicator of the stratification intensity and promotes flame acceleration by enhancing the local equivalence ratio, back-support effect, and hydrodynamic instability. The flame propagation speed increases nonlinearly with flame radius, indicating a pronounced acceleration behavior. Hydrogen addition increases the sensitivity of the flame acceleration index to the Markstein number. Partial premixing amplifies the roles of hydrodynamic and diffusional-thermal instabilities in driving flame acceleration. A consistent correlation is observed between flame wrinkling and propagation speed: greater degree of partial premixing leads to more pronounced flame front wrinkling and faster propagation, and the relationship was insensitive to the equivalence ratio, but the slope increased with increasing hydrogen content. This work advances the fundamental understanding of partially premixed flame propagation dynamics and provides theoretical guidance for optimizing the energy conversion of efficient and clean combustion systems.

We constructed a capacitive bioanode PPy/EABs@Mag-CLF/SA for circumventing the bioelectrochemical reaction shift during voltage reversal of series-stacked MFC. Sodium alginate hydrogel (SA) was made as the binder, in which the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) was doped. Biomagnetic carbonized loofah particles (EABs@Mag-CLF) cultured in a pulsating fluidized bed were encapsulated by hydrogel as the anode biocatalyst. The pseudocapacitive material PPy combined with the biofilm capacitance attached to 3D biochar particles together constructed the biocapacitor anode with an energy storage function. The result showed that the power density of PPy100/EABs@Mag-CLF100/SA (71.88 W/m3) was 1.87 times more than PPy100/EABs@MagCLF50/SA. In the charge/discharge test (C60/D60), the stored charge Qs of PPy100/EABs@Mag-CLF100/SA (460.97 C/m2) was 3.74 times greater than that of PPy20/EABs@Mag-CLF100/SA. Stacked MFCs equipped with PPy100/EABs@Mag-CLF100/SA anodes had a smaller threshold resistance (R threshold ) and recovered their performance even after a voltage reversal. This can provide an ideal energy solution for intermittently operating microelectronic devices.

A multi-stage oxic biofilm system based on hydrophilic polyurethane foam was established and operated for advanced treatment of coking wastewater, in which distinct gradient variations of pollutants removal, biofilm properties and microbial community in the 5 stages were evaluated. The system rapidly achieved NH4+-N removal efficiency of 97.51 +/- 2.29 % within 8 days. The biofilm growing attached on the carriers exhibited high biomass (>= 10.29 g/L), which ensured sufficient microbial population. Additionally, the rising extracellular polymeric substance and declining proteins/polysaccharides ratios across stages suggested a dense-to-loose transition in the biofilm's structure, in response to the varying pollutant concentrations. The dominance of Nitrosomonas cluster in the first 3 stages and Nitrospira lineage in the following 2 stages facilitated the complete depletion of high NH4+-N concentration without NO2--N accumulation. Overall, the distinct biofilm property and community at each stage, shaped by the multi-stage configuration, maximized the pollutants removal efficiency.

Liquid-state thermocells (LITCs) have a promising for efficient low-grade waste heat harvesting. However, its practical application is restricted by low ionic thermopower and normalized maximum power density ( P max / Delta T 2 ) due to the limits of ionic reaction and transport processes. Here, we demonstrate a liquid-flow thermocell (LFTC) with giant thermoelectric performance by inducing hybrid entropy increasing. The LFTCs consists of a Y-shaped microchannel and the flowing equimolar oxidant/reductant electrolyte injected separately from the Y-shaped inlet, respectively. During mixing of oxidant and reductant in microchannel, it can induce the interaction of redox ions and surrounding solvation, and thus increase its entropy difference of solvation structure, synergistically enhancing the thermogalvanic effect and mass transfer of redox ions. This can effectively break through the limits of ionic reaction/transport dynamics and thermodynamics processes, and reach a giant ionic thermopower of-21.5 mV K-1 , which is 13 times larger than that of pristine LITCs. The high hybrid entropy change can boost the P max / Delta T 2 of LFTCs into the highest value of 16.5 mW m- 2 K-2 until now, much higher than the previous records of LITCs. LFTCs with cost effectiveness have a great potential to realize efficient heat-toelectricity conversion.

Understanding the structural evolution at the electrode is essential for accurate prediction of complex fluid applications, where the carbon nanotube is chosen as the carrier of CO2-ionic liquids (ILs) in electroreduction. Then, the electrical double layer with tunable wettability is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The competition and cooperation between van der Waals and Coulomb interactions are evaluated by examining the structural and electric characteristics. When an external potential (phi) is initiated, the co-ions are repelled from the electrode and the counter-ions compete with CO2 in the electric double layer (EDL), with different thermodynamics produced by varying the proportion of CO2/ionic liquid. As the solid-liquid interaction parameter (beta) increases, more counter-ions aggregate, producing double density peaks for Tf2N- and sharply increasing the density of CO2. With increases in beta and phi, the local charge density and local field potential increase, and the EDL thickness decreases. However, the location of the CO2 density layer shifts ahead to the counter-ions, weakening their shielding effect and capacitance. Using a combination of structural analysis, the first and second peaks of Tf2N- of EDL are composed of sulfonyl and trifluoromethyl, respectively. As a response, the steric hindrance of CO2 decreases, and more molecules migrate to the surface in a parallel orientation. The structural evolution is quantitatively evaluated in terms of the entropy, results show that the orientation transition is prominent in structural evolution. The coupling relation between thermodynamic and electrical properties plays a pivotal role in determining the structural evolution of complex mixtures, and these findings could benefit the advancement of ILs-based CO2 electroreduction and other complex fluid applications.

Concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (CPV-TEG) hybrid system can harvest the low-grade waste heat derived from photovoltaic cells to generate more electric energy. However, it is economically unfeasible due to the expensive cost of thermoelectric generators and higher photovoltaics temperature. Ionic thermocell based on thermogalvanic effect has a more inexpensive cost and ionic Seebeck coefficient of 1- 2 orders of magnitude higher than thermoelectric generators, which is promising for full-spectrum solar cascade utilization. In present work, a novel concentrated photovoltaic and ionic thermocells hybrid system (CPV-iTEC) is reported, aiming to comprehensively evaluate its feasibility. The ionic thermocell adhered directly to the photovoltaic panel consists the pi-type multi-channels, electrodes and p/n-type redox electrolytes flowing in multi-channels, which can simultaneously cool photovoltaic panel and output electric energy for waste heat harvesting. A threedimensional numerical model is proposed and validated by preliminary experiment to investigate the effects of structural and operating parameters on the performance of CPV-iTEC during energy, exergy and economic analyses. Results show that the optimal structural parameters of ionic thermocell are the 2 mm channel height and 1 mm width, showing a 7.18% higher energy efficiency than that of CPV-TEG at 10 concentration ratios. The presence of ionic thermocell can significantly decrease the photovoltaic panel temperature from 351.30 K to 325.14 K, and thus broaden the available concentration ratio from 1- 21 to 1- 39 compared with CPV-TEG, reaching a higher output power of 16.61 W. During the optimization of advanced redox electrolytes/electrodes, the energy efficiency can reach 49.63% at 21 concentration ratios, which is 5.06% higher than that of CPV-TEG, and show a 22.65% lower overall cost. The application of ionic thermocell in the full-spectrum solar cascade utilization of concentrated photovoltaic system is proved to be feasible with significant advantages of low cost, high performance, and flexible operation.

A novel binary particulate pulsating anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (BPFB-MFC) was designed and constructed in order to improve the efficiency of low-grade energy conversion in sewage. The effects of pulsed liquid flow rate and bed filling rate on the electricity production performance and effluent treatment characteristics of the BPFB-MFC were investigated experimentally. The results showed that when the pulsed liquid flow was u=1.95sin(pi/3)t cm & sdot;s- 1 and when the bed materials in the anode chamber consisted of 10 % bed height activated carbon particles and 10 % bed height ceramic particles, the highest voltage produced was 519.7 mV, the highest power density was 587.5 mW & sdot;m- 2, and the lowest internal resistance was 171.2 Omega, which was the optimal experimental working condition. It was found that the electricity production performance and effluent treatment efficiency of the mixed particles system were better than those of a system with single particles. This work held promise of promoting the industrialization of MFC.

Liquid-state ionic thermocells (LITCs) can effectively convert low-grade waste heat to electricity. However, the larger structural dimensions and lower power density of LITCs restrict their large-scale practical application in scenarios with limited operating space such as photovoltaics, automotive applications, data centers, etc. In the present work, we demonstrate a micro-ionic thermocell (MiTC) with micrometer-scale structural dimensions prepared by soft lithography, which can synergistically promote the entropy change of the solvation structure and mass transfer of redox ions, and thus ionic thermoelectric properties. The effects of electrolyte concentration, scale effect and interface charge of the microstructure, and electrode gap on the ionic thermopower and Pmax/Delta T2 of MiTCs were comprehensively investigated to reveal the enhancement mechanisms using UV-vis/FTIR/in situ Raman analyses. The interfacial effect of microstructure-electrolyte solution can boost ionic reactions and transport processes at the microscale. It can increase the ionic thermopower and conductivity of 0.4 mol L-1 Fe(CN)64-/Fe(CN)63- electrolytes in MiTCs from -1.4 mV K-1 and 147.6 mS cm-1 to -2.5 mV K-1 and 254.2 mS cm-1, thus reaching a high Pmax/Delta T2 value of 15.4 mW m-2 K-2 at a 2 mm electrode gap and 50 mu m microstructure width, respectively, showing a significant enhancement. Combined with microfabrication technology, MiTCs can facilely achieve large-scale integrated stacking and output considerable electricity within limited structural dimensions to meet the practical requirements for the integration and miniaturization of low-grade heat harvesting. A micro-ionic thermocell with a high Pmax/Delta T2 (15.4 mW m-2 K-2) was reported through the interfacial effect of microstructure-electrolyte solution at the microscale.

Concentrated photovoltaic and liquid-flow thermocells (CPV-LITE) hybrid system is promising for full-spectrum solar utilization by effectively cooling PV and outputting more electricity. However, when using different photovoltaic materials, the performances of CPV and LITE may not be a perfect match due to its intrinsic material properties and manufacturing engineering. Herein, we demonstrated a novel hybrid system coupling LITE and CPV with optimal photovoltaic cells to promote its performance. A three-dimensional photo-thermal-electrical model of CPV-LITE was constructed considering the coupling of PV temperature and concentration ratio, wherein the multi-software collaborative computation was adopted to simplify the solution process. The CPV-LITEs with PV of distinct generation (Mono-Si, alpha-Si, CdTe, CIGS) were systematically investigated to obtain the optimal PV through thermodynamic and economic analyses. Results showed that among these PV, the Mono-Si presented the highest eta ele of 20.0 % at 11 concentration ratios, showing a 1.0 % increase than corresponding CPV-TEG. At the electrolyte flowrate of 0.0752 m/s, the CPV-LITE can reach an optimal Pele of 1.74W for Mono-Si with a lower overall cost of 14.4 % than other PV materials. The LITE was suitable for Mono-Si, while TEG was better for the remains, which can efficiently output more electric energy by harvesting PV waste heat.