We present a novel imaging approach based on vortex optical phase-shift interferometry for the observation of microscopic organisms. We employ a tessellated grating along with an in-house designed vortex beam set for phase shifting to achieve a four-step phase shift by capturing merely one interferogram and complete the imaging of serpentine cells. We utilized a 1st-order vortex beam set to accomplish four-step phase-shift imaging, and the imaging outcomes were in excellent agreement with our simulations. Compared with the traditional microscopy imaging results, there is a unique advantage in the system optical path adjustment, which brings the ability of higher imaging accuracy and more precise recognition of the cell edge contour. The imaging accuracy results are similar to those obtained through absolute detection, being faster in calculation and more efficient in acquisition. Measurements were made on a standard step plate and the RMS value resulted in 0.354 lambda. The experimental results show that the vortex interference spatial phase-shift method provides higher measurement accuracy and resistance to systematic errors than plane-wave interferometry. This method is straightforward to implement and has excellent resistance to systematic errors, which is crucial for fast and accurate imaging.

The heterogeneous interfacial reaction on metal oxide surfaces in combustion and thermal processes is the crucial source of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). Al2O3 is one of the most abundant metal oxides in fine particulate matter (PM) encountered in combustion systems. In the present work, the detailed formation mechanism of EPFRs from phenol on the γ-Al2O3 (110) surface with different hydration levels was investigated by periodic theoretical calculations. The results show that γ-Al2O3 has stronger catalytic activity for the formation of EPFRs compared with other metal oxides including α-Al2O3. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the γ-Al2O3 (110) surface has an impact on the formation energy barrier of EPFRs, even on the reaction route itself. When introducing ambient water, the formation pattern of EPFRs at various surface sites transforms from a single type of pathway to a mixed reaction mode and then changes to an almost new mixed mode with elevated water coverage. The multiple roles of ambient water on catalytic dissociation reaction, which had been rarely investigated in previous studies, was clarified. Although this work focuses on γ-Al2O3, it is expected to foster a crucial re-examination and integration of conventional EPFRs formation mechanism on the other metal oxide surfaces already reported in the literature, providing a novel insights into the heterogeneous generation of atmospheric PM-associated EPFRs.

Yield line patterns of T-stubs connected by thread-fixed one-side bolts (TFOSBs) are investigated when they fail due to complete flange yielding under tension using finite element analysis. Parametric studies are carried out to compare T-stubs connected by TFOSBs and those connected by nut-fixed bolts. Effects of the flange width, the flange thickness, the bolt middle distance, the bolt end distance and the bolt diameter on the yield line patterns and yield tensile strengths are presented. Analysis results show that the yield tensile strength of T-stubs connected by TFOSBs is slightly lower than that of T-stubs connected by nut-fixed bolts. The flange width is the main factor that affects the yield line patterns of T-stubs connected by TFOSBs. For T-stubs having flange width to length ratios within the range studied here, with the increase in flange width, the yield line pattern gradually changes from a double curvature yield line pattern to a non-circular end yield line pattern, then to a circular individual end yield line pattern, and eventually to a bolt hole circular yield line pattern. And for T-stubs having flange width to length ratios within the range studied here, effects of bolt end distance e on the yield line pattern depends on the flange width L. The current design method gives a reasonably conservative estimation of the tensile strengths of T-stubs connected by TFOSBs.

White-light scanning interferometry has become a well-established tool for measuring the microscopic three-dimensional morphology of objects. However, it is sensitive to external disturbances and suffers from leakage sampling, which compromises the accuracy of the measurements. To avoid the error, a robust correction method is proposed, based on wavelet transform, to find leakage sampling point (LSP), and the cubic spline interpolation method is used to complete the interference signal to achieve the signal correction. Further, phase evaluation at each pixel provides a high vertical resolution to characterize the microstructure. In addition, the proposed method exhibits a good denoising performance. Simulations and comparison experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to solve optical problems. In this paper, a method is proposed for the reconstruction and analysis of a wavefront with an irregular-shaped aperture based on deep learning, for which a U-type CNN (U-net) was used to reconstruct the wavefront image. The data generated by the simulation contain several types of wavefront images with irregularly shaped apertures for training the U-net. The results indicate that modal wavefront reconstruction of irregular-shaped apertures is feasible based on deep learning; it will be very helpful for the reconstruction and analysis of wavefronts in real time applications, and the method is robust.

We propose a novel absolute calibrate method for digital holographic microscopy with the sequential shift method using Chebyshev polynomials. We separate the object phase and the aberrations by sequential shifting the sample twice in vertical plane of the optical axis. The aberrations phase is then calculated using the high order Chebyshev polynomials. The correct phase is obtained by subtracting the aberrations from the original phase containing the aberration. This method can compensate for the complex aberrations including high-order aberrations without changing the traditional optical system. Meanwhile, it can effectively protect the medium and high frequency information of the specimen in the phase image. Numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate the availability and advantages of the absolute calibrate method.

An economical, practical, and environmentally benign azol-halogenation protocol of alkenes was developed, which provides a general approach to construct a series of structurally diverse β-halogenated amine derivatives.

目的 了解专科带教师资在带教全科医师过程中存在的问题并提出解决建议.方法 选择山东省内17个地级市41家医院或基地,采用问卷调查的方式,调查当前全科带教师资中专科带教师资的现状并进行分析.结果 山东省内17个地级市受调查的41家医院或基地中,有独立全科医学科室的占58.5％;全科医学师资类型主要以临床基地专科师资为主;全科医学理论培训是培训的重要内容;全科医师培训中存在的主要问题是全科医师培训不规范,无标准参考;受调查者对全科医师培训的主要建议是加强培训和管理,定期考核.结论 需加强专科带教师资的全科思维培养,提升带教师资水平,更好地开展全科带教工作.

We propose a numerical robust phase aberration compensation method in digital holographic microscopy, which is based on self-extension of holograms. We remove the fringes of the sample area in the hologram, then expand the fringe to fill the removed area of hologram by self-extension. The sample-free reference hologram is obtained which contain the total aberration of the system. The quantitative phase imaging of samples is separated from measurement phase data by the difference phase map of captured and reference hologram. Numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate the availability of the proposed aberration compensation method in digital holographic microscopy.

A Fe-catalyzed highly regioselective α,β-difunctionalization of vinylarenes with diphenylphosphine oxides and anilines is disclosed, in which α,β-aminophosphinoylation is efficiently and conveniently constructed under mild conditions with good functional compatibility and a broad substrate scope. The control experiments have revealed a radical reaction pathway.

In complex karst region,the size of karst cave is affected by many factors,such as geological structure,properties of soluble rock and groundwater hydrodynamic system and so on,which is characterized by high complexity and nonlinearity.Through the study of the occurrence and development of karst caves in karst area,the control factors affecting the scale of karst cave are determined and quantitatively analyzed,for which the data of proved caves are collected.In order to solve the problem with data fuzziness and descriptive formation of the karst caves,in this paper,the method of Back Propagation (BP) artificial neural network is employed to achieve the prediction of the scale of karst caves.As a BP neural network model is self-organization and self-adaptive,it is expected to handle the nonlinearity of sample data.The model is designed,tested,and applied,based on the MATLAB R2012a software.The results show that BP artificial neural network prediction model for the scale of karst cave is of high accuracy with its algorithm of good convergence.

Soil salinity affects various aspects of plant growth and development including flowering. Usually, plants show a delayed flowering phenotype under high salinity conditions, whereas some plants will risk their life to continue to grow, thereby escaping serious salt stress to achieve reproductive success. However, the molecular mechanisms of the escape strategies are not clear yet. In this work, we report that the transcription factor WRKY71 helps escape salt stress in Arabidopsis. The expression of the WRKY71 wild-type (WT) allele was salinity inducible. Compared with Col-0, high salt stress caused only a marginal delay in the flowering time of the activation-tagged mutant WRKY71-1D. However, flowering in the RNA interference (RNAi)-based multiple WRKY knock-out mutant (w71w8 + 28RNAi) was dramatically later than in the WT under high salinity conditions. Meanwhile, expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and LEAFY (LFY) was greater in WRKY71-1D than in the WT, and lower in w71w8 + 28RNAi under salinity-stressed conditions. The suggestion is that WRKY71 activity hastens flowering, thereby providing a means for the plant to complete its life cycle in the presence of salt stress.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Sleep deprivation (SD) seriously affects animal learning and memory ability. The appropriate intensity of exercise training can alleviate SD damage on brain function. This study observed the impact of different athletic intensities on working memory and BDNF protein expression in prefrontal cortex of SD rat to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on SD rats and potential mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including group A as control, group B as SD model, and group C, D, and E as low, medium, and high intensity of exercise on SD model. The rats in group C, D, and E received platform exercise for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. The SD rat model was established using flower pot method. Y maze was applied to assess the ability of learning and memory. Colorimetric method was adopted to determine serum superoxide disproportionation enzyme (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cerebral cholinesterase alkali (AchE) and 5-HT levels. Western blot was selected to detect BDNF protein expression in prefrontal cortex. The correct response rate of Y maze test, serum SOD, and BDNF protein expression were reduced, while the electric shock time, serum MDA, cerebral AchE and 5-HT, and BDNF protein expression were increased in group B compared with group A (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, Y maze performance, serum SOD and MDA content, cerebral AchE and 5-HT levels, and BDNF protein expression were obviously improved in group C, D, and E. The moderate intensity exercise group exhibited the strongest effect (P < 0.05). SD rat demonstrated learning and memory ability slow down. Different intensities of exercise can improve the learning, memory, and brain function of SD rat. Moderate intensity exercise exhibited the strongest impact, which may be related to the upregulation of BDNF protein and regulation of central neurotransmitter.

Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of neck and shoulder pain (NSP) among taxi drivers.Methods A total of 719 taxi drivers were selected in Ji'nan city of Shandong province with cluster random sampling and surveyed face-to-face with a general questionnaire and modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for work-related musculoskeletal disorders between July and December 2013.Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors of NSP among the participants.Results The prevalence of NSP was 35.05％.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that night shift (odd ratio [OR] =2.157,95 ％ confidence interval [95 ％ CI] =1.405-3.313),smoking (OR =1.824,95 ％ CI =1.227-2.712),years of working ≥ 5 (OR =1.666,95 ％ CI =1.031-2.691),and part-time working (OR =1.599,95％ CI =1.122-2.279) were associated with increased risk of NSP reporting;while,education of senior high school or above (OR =0.454,95 ％ CI =0.302-0.683) and sleep duration of ≥ 8 hours per day (OR =0.446,95 ％ CI =0.274-0.725) were significantly associated with decreased risk of NSP reporting.Conclusion The prevalence rate of NSP is high and correlated positively with night shift,smoking,years of working,and part-time working and reversely with education level and sleep duration among taxi drivers in Ji'nan city.

Objective To investigate the base construction and talents cultivation of general practice in Shandong Province, and to put forward solutions for the identified problems.Methods By using stratified random sampling, we enrolled 730 initial participants〔520 general practice teachers(GPTs) and 210 general practitioners(GPs) with general practice as the practice scope〕 from two sub-provincial districts and 15 prefecture level-districts of Shandong Province.From May 2015 to September 2016, the GPTs were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire involving demographic data, major distribution, type of teacher and type of trainees, and the GPs were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire covering demographic data, position, type of the received training, and the period and forms of retraining.The final participants consisted of 98.1%(510/520) of the GPTs and 96.7%(203/210) of the GPs who effectively responded to the survey.Results Of the 510 GPTs,42.5%(217/510) majored in internal medicine,14.7% (75/510) majored in general practice and 8.0% (41/510) in surgery;51.8%(264/510) taught specialties and 42.2% (215/510) taught general practice at the clinical base;65.5% (334/510) and 51.2% (261/510) of their trainees were resident GPs and community GPs,respectively.Among the 203 GPs,the scope of practice for 42.0% (81/193),28.0% (54/193),8.3% (16/193) of them was internal medicine,general practice and traditional Chinese medicine respectively;the types of received trainings mainly were standardized training for resident GPs (40.9%,83/203),training before transferring to the general practitioner position (35.0%,71/203),and training for senior GPs (32.0%,65/203);93.1% (189/203) thought that GPs who once completed the training should be retrained,37.6% (71/189) of them considered the period for retraining should be one year but 71.4% (135/189) hoped that the form of retraining was short-term training.Conclusion Most of GPTs are those teaching specialties.Therefore, in order to cultivate GPs, GPTs teaching specialties should play their full role and foster the thought of general practice.Not many GPs take general practice as the scope of practice and there is an outflow of GPs, so the incentive system for attracting talents to be GPs should be improved.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of sleep apnea syndrome combined with cerebral apoplexy.Methods Thirty-nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome combined with cerebral apoplexy,admitted to our hospital from June 2014 to June 2015,and 45 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were selected in our study.Polysomnography (PSG) was performed,and lowest blood oxygen saturation (SpO2),max apnea time (SA~) and sleep apnea hypoventilation index (AHI) were recorded in all patients;multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of sleep apnea syndrome combined with cerebral apoplexy.Results There were significant differences in smoking rate,body mass index (BMI) and fibrinogen (Fib),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between the two groups (P＜0.05).PSG results showed that the SpO2,SAmax and AHI indicators were statistically different between the two groups (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,SAmax,SpO2 and AHI were the risk factors of sleep apnea syndrome combined with cerebral apoplexy (OR=4.685,95％CI:3.658-6.325,P=0.017;OR=3.569,95％CI:2.875-3.968,P=0.024;OR=4.125,95％CI:4.025-4.569,P=0.034;OR=4.253,95％CI:4.135-5.032,P=0.036).Conclusion Patients with obesity or severe anoxia have high risk of sleep apnea syndrome combined with cerebral apoplexy.

不宁腿综合征（ restless legs syndrome ， RLS）的典型表现为夜间睡眠时出现双小腿为主的难以名状和难以忍受的不适感，包括烧灼感、瘙痒感、蚁走感、酸胀感、撕裂感及触电感等，患者常夜不能寐，被迫下床踱步或捶打双腿，可能暂时缓解症状［1］。 RLS主要累及双下肢深部，但随着病情进展，也可累及上肢或面部。我科最近诊断1例腹部症状颇似RLS的患者，报道如下。

Low-rise buildings such as lightweight portal frames are often very susceptible to wind effects, owing to their light weight and large span. The numerical simulation analysis of fluid-structure interaction of low-rise lightweight buildings with different roof pitches is performed by ADINA to investigate the wind-induced dynamic response in this paper. The effects of roof pitches on the distribution characteristics of the surface wind load on the roofs under different parameters are analyzed by numerical results, such as wind pressure distributed coefficients and wind-induced vibration coefficients, which can be used in the design of Low-rise buildings.

目的:观察调营养心汤对阴虚火旺型亚健康失眠患者的治疗效果并探讨其对血清核转录因子-κB(NF-κB),白细胞介素(IL)-2和IL-6水平的影响.方法:本研究共纳入100例亚健康失眠患者,按数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组各50例;对照组口服艾司唑仑片,1 mg/次,1次/d,临睡前1h服用;口服谷维素片,2片/次,3次/d.观察组给予调营养心汤治疗,1剂/d,常规水煎煮,分早晚2次内服.两组患者均给予4周观察.比较两组中医症状评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分;分析两组治疗后4周的临床效果;检测两组患者血清NF-κB,IL-2和IL-6水平.结果:观察组治疗后中医临床症状评分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组临术显效率为82％,对照组显效率为58％,观察组高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后PSQI指标评分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组治疗后血清NF-κB,IL-2和IL-6水平均明显低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:调营养心汤治疗亚健康失眠阴虚火旺证可明显降低临床症状和PSQI指标评分,提高临床疗效,抑制患者血清NF-κB,IL-2和IL-6表达水平.