IntroductionThe transition from low to high altitude environments is associated with a multifaceted series of physiological and psychological alterations that manifest over time. These changes are intricately intertwined, with physiological acclimatization primarily mediated through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which orchestrates the expression of critical molecules and hormones. This process extends to encompass the epigenome, metabolism, and other regulatory mechanisms. In the realm of psychological acclimatization, chronic hypoxia and changes in atmospheric pressure at high altitudes may contribute to decreased levels of neurotransmitters, with potential implications for mental health, particularly in relation to sleep quality. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of plateau acclimatization mechanisms in recent years, there remain many uncertain factors that necessitate further research.MethodsThis study is a single-center prospective observational study. It aims to utilize a series of physiological and medical instruments in conjunction with internationally recognized physiological and psychological questionnaires to monitor the dynamic shifts in the acclimatization ability of doctors from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The monitoring will occur at seven distinct time points: pre-departure from Beijing, 1–7 days post-arrival at the Tibetan plateau during the acute phase of plateau hypoxic stress, and during the chronic phase of plateau hypoxic stress at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months of residency in Tibet, and post-return to Beijing. Concurrently, a spectrum of omics analyses will be conducted, including comprehensive genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic assessments of blood leukocytes, fecal, and oral samples.

目的:研究模拟海拔5000 m低压低氧环境下,不同低氧暴露时间对小鼠肠道组织结构、免疫因子和肠道菌群的影响.方法:采用低压低氧舱模拟海拔5000 m高度,构建8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠低氧模型,随机分为1、3、5、7、14和30 d低氧组及其常氧对照组,每组6只常规饲养,记录体重.在对应时间点取材,HE染色制作小鼠回肠组织切片、免疫组织化学染色分析小鼠肠道紧密连接occludin蛋白表达,ELISA检测小鼠血浆免疫因子IL-6、IL-22和TNF-α水平,16S rDNA测序分析肠道菌群变化.结果:与常氧对照组相比,各低氧组小鼠体重均显著降低(P＜0.05).小鼠回肠组织HE染色及免疫组化染色显示,各低氧组均出现不同程度的肠上皮绒毛缺损,淋巴细胞增多等变化,且7、14d组低氧组小鼠紧密连接occludin蛋白表达量显著降低(P＜0.05).与常氧组相比,7 d低氧组小鼠血浆IL-6水平显著降低(P＜0.05),14d低氧组小鼠血浆IL-6水平显著增加(P＜0.05);与相应的常氧组对比,低氧组TNF-α和IL-22的水平没有显著差异,但在各低氧组间出现差异.不同低氧时间组与其常氧对照组的肠道菌群构成具有显著差异;在菌属水平上,低氧组中普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、阿克曼氏菌属(Akkermansia)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和臭气杆菌属(Odoribacter),相对丰度较高且具有显著性差异(P＜0.05);血浆免疫因子与肠道菌群相关分析表明,乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)与IL-6、IL-22水平呈显著正相关(r=0.27,P＜0.05;r=0.27,P＜0.05).结论:模拟海拔5000 m低压低氧环境显著改变C57BL/6小鼠肠道组织结构及其屏障功能和肠道菌群组成,肠道菌群的变化与免疫因子水平显著相关,这些变化与低氧暴露时间相关,是小鼠低氧应激响应肠道功能的适应性变化.

目的:探究模拟海拔5500 m低压低氧环境对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(HPT)轴和肠道菌群的影响及两者间关联.方法:采用低压低氧舱模拟海拔5500 m高度,构建成年雄性SD大鼠低氧模型,设置1、3、7、14、21和28 d低氧组和常氧组,并设置1 d和3 d低氧后常氧恢复组(每组大鼠8只,低氧时间为每天24 h).记录大鼠每日体重和平均摄食量,采用16 s rDNA测序分析肠道菌群、ELISA检测血清HPT轴激素水平,进行肠道菌群与HPT轴激素相关性分析.结果:与常氧组相比,低氧组大鼠体重和摄食量显著降低(P<0.01).1 d、3 d低氧组大鼠血清促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平较常氧组显著降低(P<0.05),血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平较常氧组显著增加(P<0.05).1和3 d低氧组大鼠肠道副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、丁酸球菌属(Butyricimonas)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、臭味杆菌属(Odoribacter)和RC4-4菌属丰度较常氧组显著增加(P<0.05),普氏菌属(Prevotel-la)丰度较常氧组显著降低(P<0.05).14、21和28 d低氧组大鼠副拟杆菌属、球毛菌属(Sphaerochaeta)、阿克曼氏菌属(Akkermansia)、迷踪菌属(Elusimicrobium)丰度较常氧组显著增加(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌属、萨特氏菌属(Sut-terella)丰度较常氧组显著降低(P<0.05).肠道菌群与HPT轴激素相关性分析表明,丁酸球菌属、迷踪菌属、萨特氏菌属与TRH、TSH显著负相关(P<0.05),普氏菌属、拟杆菌属、臭味杆菌属、副拟杆菌属分别与TSH、TT4、TT3、FT4显著相关(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌属与TRH、TSH、FT4显著相关(P<0.05),阿克曼氏菌属与TRH、FT4显著相关(P<0.05),RC4-4菌属与TSH、TT3显著相关(P<0.05).结论:模拟海拔5500 m低氧应激显著改变SD大鼠肠道菌群的构成,这可能是甲状腺功能与低氧环境相适应的变化,变化程度与低氧应激时间有关;低氧环境下大鼠肠道菌群的变化与HPT轴激素水平显著相关.

Objective: To explore the different effects of rapid and progressive ascent to Tibet plateau on cardiovascular function and stress factors in pre-selected expeditioners for the 31st, 32nd and 33rd Chinese Antarctic expedition for inland station, to provide a scientific basis for the selection of qualified expeditioners. Methods: A total of 85 pre-selected expeditioners for the 31st, 32nd and 33rd Chinese Antarctic expedition for Kunlun station were enrolled in this study. According to the different manners of entering the plateau, they were divided into the rapid ascent group by aircraft (RAG, n=55) and the progressive ascent group by train (PAG, n=30). Hemodynamics and electrocardiogram were examined at 4 m (Shanghai), areas at altitude of 3 658 m (Lhasa) and 4 300 m(Yangbajain), respectively. Saliva levels of stress factors, including testosterone (T), cortisol (COR) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), were tested by ELISA. Results: The heart rates (HR) were increased significantly, while the SpO2 was decreased significantly in the two groups within 24 hours at altitudes of 3 658 m and 4 300 m (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups at the same altitude. Compared with 4 m, the blood pressure (BP) of the two groups at 3 658 m and 4 300 m was significantly increased (P＜0.05), and some indexes of myocardial contraction and pumping function were significantly reduced (P＜0.05). However, due to the increase of HR, there was no significant change in Cardiac Output (CO). At 4 300 m, the Thoracic Fluid Content (TFC) of the rapid ascent group was significantly higher than that of the progressive ascent group (P＜0.05). Compared with 4m, there was no significant difference in salivary testosterone change between the two groups at 3 658 m above sea level (P＞0.05), while COR and IgA changes in the rapid ascent group were significantly higher than those in another group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the progressive ascent by train,expeditioners that rapid ascent to high altitude have significant effects on cardiovascular function and the stress hormones and immunoglobulin levels in saliva. It's suggested that hypoxia adaptation before Antarctic expediting for Kunlun Station could ensure the selected expeditioners' physical and psychological health, so that the mission could be finished smoothly.

Objective To investigate the relationship between overweight,obesity and acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods We searched the WanFang,CNKI,VIP,PubMed,Embase,Springer,Google Scholar,Cochrane databases.AMS,acute high altitude disease,acute high altitude disease (AHAD),hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR),obese,obesity,BMI,Body Mass Index,cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study and observational study were used to search literatures which studied association between overweight,obesity and AMS during 2007-2016.Literatures were then evaluated by two evaluators.RevMan 5.3 software was utilized for statistical analysis.Results Six articles with 6323 cases were included in the study.The heterogeneity test result revealed that included studies were statistically heterogeneous (I2 =93％,P ＜ 0.01),therefore,the random effect model was used to analyze.Obesity and overweight significantly increased the occurrence of AMS with an OR of 2.39 (95％ CI:1.21-4.70).Egger's test indicated that there was no publication bias (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Overweight and obesity can be used as predictors of occurrence for AMS.

Hyperuricemia is common in China and the relevance of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been highlighted, but to date there has been rarely nation-wide study in China. Here, we aim to estimate the current prevalence of hyperuricemia and evaluate the associations between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) clustering in a large sample of China adults including a plurality of ethnic minorities. Generally, a nationally representative sample of 22983 adults aged ≥18 years was recruited from 2007 to 2011. Questionnaire data and information on anthropometric characteristics, and laboratory measurements were collected. We define hyperuricemia as SUA ≥416 mmol/L for men and SUA ≥357 mmol/L for women. We found that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.0% (18.5% in men and 8.0% in women). To our estimation, hyperuricemic subjects had higher prevalence rates of CRFs clustering than non-hyperuricemic subjects. Furthermore, there was a dose-response association between the number of CVD risk factors clustering and hyperuricemia. Our study revealed a high prevalence of hyperuricemia and CVD risk factors clustering among Chinese adults, and hyperuricemia was significantly associated with coexistence of more CVD risk factors. Therefore, guidance and effective lifestyle intervention are required to prevent hyperuricemia and CVD risk factors in China.

目的 研究SD大鼠HPT轴激素及蛋白在低氧环境下的病理生理变化机制及与促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(Corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH)家族相关蛋白及激素的相互作用.方法 用低压低氧舱模拟海拔5000m高原低氧环境复制SD大鼠动物模型,采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中HPT轴激素水平,包括游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(Free triido-thyronine,FT3)、游离四碘甲腺原氨酸(Free tetraiodo-thyronine,FT4)、总三碘甲腺原氨酸(Total triido-thyronine,TT3)、总四碘甲腺原氨酸(Total tetraiodo-thyronine,T4)、反三碘甲腺原氨酸(3,5,3'-L-triiodo-thyronine,rT3)、促甲状腺激素(Thyrotropin stimulating hormone,TSH)、促甲状腺激素释放激素(Thyrotropin releasing hormone,TRH),以及CRH家族激素CRH、尿皮素2(Urocortin Ⅱ,Ucn2)、Ucn3、皮质酮(Corticosterone,CORT)在血清中的水平,通过Western blot检测低氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α),HPT轴的TSHR、TRHR1及CRH家族受体CRHR1、CRHR2的表达.采用免疫荧光双染检测CRHR1、CRHR2与TSHR在甲状腺滤泡细胞的表达.通过Pearson相关分析探讨CRH家族CRH、Ucn2、Ucn3、CORT和HPT轴激素FTT3、F4、TT3、TT4、TSH、TRH、rT3相关性.结果 低氧组大鼠TRH、TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4和TSH血清水平均下降(P＜0.05),rT3、CRH、Ucn2、Ucn3和CORT血清浓度上升(P＜0.05).相关性统计表明低氧各组大鼠血清CRH与TRH激素水平负相关(r=-0.80),Ucn2与FT3、T3分别呈负相关(r=-0.796,-0.798).免疫荧光双标显示CRHR1与TSHR、CRHR2与TSHR在甲状腺滤泡细胞存在共表达.结论 结果表明模拟5000米海拔低氧环境使大鼠HPT轴功能受到抑制,可能与CRH家族基因激活有关,这对进一步研究HPT轴与CRH家族相互作用机制提供一定的线索.

南极冰穹A地区气候条件极为恶劣,通过探讨冰穹A低氧复合寒冷环境对考察队员儿茶酚胺激素和心肌酶水平的影响,为冰穹A考察队员医学防治提供依据.分别在上海出发、冰穹A考察和返回上海时,采集第29次中国南极考察昆仑站冰盖队25名男队员外周静脉血样,检测血中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、多巴胺(DA)、高敏感性C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、肌酸激酶MB (CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平.队员E和CK-MB水平在冰穹A虽增高但与出发时没有显著性差异,E水平在返回上海后显著降低(P ＜0.01);DA水平在冰穹A和返回上海后均显著增高(P＜0.05).与出发(P＜0.01)和冰穹A(P＜0.01)数据相比,CK-MB水平在返回上海后均显著降低.肌钙蛋白I(cT-nI)水平在冰穹A和返回上海后均没有发生显著变化,均在正常范围内(＜0.04ng·mL-1),hsCRP和NE水平也没有显著性改变.Pearson相关性分析表明,CK-MB水平与E水平呈显著正相关(r=0.285*,P ＜0.05).结果表明,在冰穹A低氧复合高寒环境下冰盖队员心肌出现了适应性代偿,返回上海后没有出现病理性损伤,心肌酶水平变化与儿茶酚胺类激素水平存在相关性,今后仍需积累多次昆仑站考察队的数据资料,深入探讨潜在的调节机制.

Objective To investigate the associations of age,gender and physical phenotypic dimensions,such as body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),waist-to-height ratio (WhtR),with serum liver enzyme levels among children and adolescents of Heilongjiang province,and to provide scientific evidence for early health prevention and treatment among children and adolescents.Methods The overall samples were collected by multistage stratified random cluster sampling method from Jul.to Oct.in 2008 in Heilongjiang province.Height,weight and WC were measured,and the se-rum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and gamma glutamine transferase(GGT) levels were detected by using rate assay among 2 011 enrolled children and adolescents(902 males and 1 109 females;Han 1 177 cases,and Korean 834 cases) aged 10-18 years with complete data.The associations of BMI,WC and WhtR with serum liver enzyme levels were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results Among 10-18 years old children and adolescents of different gender,the serum LgALT (male r =0.100,P ＜ 0.05 ; female r =0.086,P ＜ 0.05) and LgGGT (male r =0.262,P ＜ 0.05 ; female r =0.072,P ＜ 0.05)were positively correlated with age,while serum LgAST(male r =-0.201,P ＜ 0.001 ;female r =-0.227,P ＜ 0.001)levels were negatively correlated with age.The gender difference in serum LgALT,LgAST and LgGGT existed for each age group among 11-18 years old children and adolescents,with male higher than female.In addition,the serum LgALT level in the Korean children and adolescents were higher than that in both sexes of Han nationality.The serum LgALT and LgGGT levels in overweight and obese children and adolescents were significantly higher than that in BMI normal group with the same gender for both sexes (P ＜ 0.01),and serum LgALT,LgAST and LgGGT levels in male obese children and adolescents were significantly higher than that in overweight group with the same gender (P ＜ 0.05).By the multiple regression analysis,among male children and adolescents,serum LgALT level was mainly effected by age,nationa-lity and WhtR,serum LgAST level was mainly effected by age,and serum LgGGT level was mainly influenced by age,BMI and WhtR; among female children and adolescents,serum LgALT level was mainly affected by nationality and WhtR,serum LgAST level was mainly influenced by age,WC and WhtR,and serum LgGGT level was mainly influenced by BMI.Conclusions There exist certain associations among age,gender,physical phenotypic dimension and nationa-lity with serum liver enzyme levels among children and adolescents,so more attention should be paid to monitor the serum liver enzyme levels among the overweight and obese children and adolescents.And scientific diet and more exercise are suggested so as to reduce the liver fat.

Aim:For expeditioners in the extreme environment of Antarctica,diet and nutrition are particularly important. Through investigation of the diet of Chinese winter-over expeditioners at Zhongshan Station,we can provide advice and guidance to improve dietary quality and to promote health.Methods:The 3- to 4-day food intake of 22nd (2006)and 24th (2008)Chinese winter-over expeditioners was investigated using weighing methods.The average daily intake of food and nutrients was calculated.Dietary status was evaluated according to Chinese Dietary Refer-ence Intakes.Results:The average energy intake was in the range for people engaged in moderate or heavy physi-cal labor (2 700—3 200 kcal).Among the 1 7 nutrients tested,the intakes of calcium,vitamin A,vitamin C,and selenium were below the recommended daily intake,while the intake of sodium exceeded the recommended daily intake.The intake of oil and salt was excessive.The energy supplied by fat and protein exceeded the recommended 20%—30% and 1 2%—1 4%of total daily kilocalories,respectively,while the ratio supplied by carbohydrates was less than recommended.Conclusions:The diet of winter-over expeditioners was high in fat,high in protein,and low in carbohydrates.There was an excessive intake of oil and dietary sodium,and an insufficient intake of calci-um,vitamin A,vitamin C,and selenium.The diet should be adjusted by balancing the proportions of the three major nutrients,reducing the intake of oil and dietary sodium,and supplementing of vitamins,calcium,and sele-nium.

Genome-wide gene expression measurements have enabled comprehensive studies that integrate the changes of gene expression and phenotypic information to uncover their novel associations. Here we reported the association analysis between psychophysical phenotypes and genome-wide gene expression changes in human adaptation to one of the most extreme climates on Earth, the Antarctic Dome Argus. Dome A is the highest ice feature in Antarctica, and may be the coldest, driest and windiest location on earth. It is considered unapproachable due to its hostile environment. In 2007, a Chinese team of 17 male explorers made the expedition to Dome A for scientific investigation. Overall, 133 psychophysical phenotypes were recorded, and genome-wide gene expression profiles from the blood samples of the explorers were measured before their departure and upon their arrival at Dome A. We found that mood disturbances, including tension (anxiety), depression, anger and fatigue, had a strong, positive, linear relationship with the level of a male sex hormone, testosterone, using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis. We also demonstrated that significantly lowest-level Gene Ontology groups in changes of gene expression in blood cells with erythrocyte removal were consistent with the adaptation of the psychophysical characteristics. Interestingly, we discovered a list of genes that were strongly related to significant phenotypes using phenotype and gene expression PCC analysis. Importantly, among the 70 genes that were identified, most were significantly related to mood disturbances, where 42 genes have been reported in the literature mining, suggesting that the other 28 genes were likely novel genes involved in the mood disturbance mechanism. Taken together, our association analysis provides a reliable method to uncover novel genes and mechanisms related to phenotypes, although further studies are needed.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of hypoxia on hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-testis axis hormone levels, germ cell apoptosis and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression in testis of adolescent mice, and explore HIF-1alpha regulation on the reproductive function of male mice.METHODS:Eighty SPF grade adolescent C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normoxia group, hypoxia 3, 7, 14 and 28 d groups. The level of serum testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was analyzed by ELISA. Detected the sperm count, motility rate and abnormal sperm rate of epididymal sperm suspension. The apoptosis cells in testis were determined using TUNEL method. The expression of HIF-1alpha was analyzed using Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with corresponding normoxia group, serum T, FT, FSH and LH concentrations in hypoxia 3 d group were significantly higher (P < 0.05); T and LH concentrations in hypoxia 14 d group were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Sperm count and motility rate in hypoxia 7 and 14 d groups significantly declined (P < 0.05); abnormal sperm rate in all hypoxia groups significantly increased (P < 0.05). The apoptosis index (AI) of germ cells in hypoxia 7, 14 and 28 d groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the levels of HIF-1alpha protein expression were significantly higher (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:HIF-1alpha protein highly expressed in mice testis could induce germ cell apoptosis increased in chronic hypoxia environment.

目的 调查分析黑龙江省健康青少年血清肌酐(Cr)水平,建立不同性别和不同年龄健康青少年血清Cr的参考范围.方法 采用分层、随机整群抽样的大样本临床流行学调查,于2008年7月至2009年6月,从黑龙江省哈尔滨和牡丹江的市区、郊区随机抽取2 281名8～18岁健康中小学生进行体检,采集受试者清晨空腹静脉血并分离血清,测定血清Cr浓度.筛除离群数据个体后,共2 276名受试者入选,男1 039名,女1 237名,其中汉族1 392名,朝鲜族884名.建立不同性别、不同年龄健康青少年血清Cr的参考范围(P2.5 ～ P97.5).结果 全部调查人群按＜11、11～12、13 ～14、15～16和17 ～18岁进行分组,其中男性Cr的参考范围分别是35 ～ 60、39～70、45～81、54～88和60 ～ 98 μmol/L;女性Cr的参考范围分别是34 ～ 59、37 ～ 59、39 ～ 70、43～69和43～74 μmol/L.Cr随年龄增加而升高,男性高于女性(P＜0.001).不同民族之间Cr无差异.结论 初步建立了黑龙江省健康青少年血清Cr的参考范围,对临床医生特别是儿科医生判断和评估8～18岁年龄段患者的肾功能有很好的参考价值.

Objective To analyze the serum creatinine level among apparently healthy primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia and explore the distribution of serum creatinine by ethnic,regional,gender and age,and establish the reference interval of serum creatinine in different gender and different age groups of primary and secondary school students.Methods Large sample clinical epidemiological investigation was applied by two-stage clustering sampling method.Random sample of 2630 primary and secondary school students from 9 to 18-year-old was selected from four district in Inner Mongolia including Hohhot,Wulanchabu,Xilin Gol and Bayan Drow from July 2009 to June 2010.After screening outlier individual,the total of 2614 subjects were enrolled,involving 1288 male and 1326 female subjects,1584 Han and 1030 Mongolian.The venous blood was collected and serum was separated.The serum creatinine concentration was measured as soon as possible.Furthermore, creatinine levels of different regions,ethnic,gender and age group were compared by analysis of variance or t-test and that of different group were compared by SNK method.Percentile was used to describe the distribution of serum Cr level of different age groups.The reference interval of serum Cr for primary and secondary school students were established by gender and age (P2.5 -P97.5 ).The curve was smoothed using age-specific percentile ( LMS )curve smoothing method.Results The differences of Cr levels were statistically significant between different regions,ethnic,gender and age groups.The reference intervals of creatinine for 9 - 11,12,13 - 14,15,and 16 - 18 year-old males were 35 - 66,37 - 73,39 - 78,47 - 87 and 49 - 91 μmol/L,respectively.The intervals for 9 - 10,11 - 12,13 - 15,and 16 - 18 year-old females were 32 - 60,34 - 63,38 -73 and 40 -74 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion The reference intervals of serum creatinine for health primary and secondary school students in the Inner Mongolia is established,which is useful for clinicians,especially pediatricians to judge and assess renal function for 9 to 18 year-old patients.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:805-809 )

1病例摘要2010-12-29下午,冰盖队登顶到达南极海拔4 087 m的昆仑站,2011-01-01日下午-02日,1名居住和工作地在海拔2200m西宁的45岁的藏族男队员出现高原反应,既往吸烟史20年,无任何肺部疾病,出发前无合并肺部感染,出发前曾在海拔4 000多米的西藏高原进行过适应性训练,发病前的工作量和活动量不强于之前的训练量.

Objective To explore the correlation between the borderline high or low levels of blood lipids and cardiovascular risk factors,cardiac function based on analyzing the distribution of high-normal levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and low level of HDL-C in the adults of two provinces and one autonomous region in China,and to provide the theoretical evidence for adults' health management.Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among the adults aged 18-74 years in Hebei Province,Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.With a randomized,stratified and cluster sampling method,questionnaire surveys and health check-up were performed to investigate the health status of the adults.Results The incidence rates of high-normal levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and low level of HDL-C in the surveyed adults were 15.0%,0.7%,9.5% and 18.5%,respectively.The high-normal levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and low level of HDL-C were related to many cardiovascular risk factors.Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the high-normal level of TC was positively related to age,while the low level of HDL-C was negatively correlated with living in rural areas,obesity,and peasant occupation.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that the high-normal level of TC was positively related to age and educational background with junior middle school,while the high-normal level of TC was negatively correlated with living in rural areas.The low level of HDL-C was negatively related to living in rural areas,waist circumference,and the wid-owed.The high-normal level of LDL-C was positively correlated with age,educational backgrounds with junior or senior middle school and college degree,but negatively correlated with peasant occupation.The average levels of CO,CI,SI,SV,LVET,SVR and LCW in the group of high-normal TC level were decreased.The average levels of CI,SV and LCW in the group with low level of HDL-C were also reduced(P0.05),while the average levels of SI,SVR and LVET were increased(P0.05).The average levels of CI and SI in the group of high-normal LDL-C level were decreased(P0.05),while the average levels of LCW,SVR,LVET and SV were increased(P0.05).Conclusions High-normal TC,high-normal TG,low HDL-C and high-normal LDL-C are common in the surveyed adults,which are independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac function.Health management for the adults with high-normal TC,high-normal TG,low HDL-C and high-normal LDL-C is strongly advocated.

Objective:To explore relation among abnormal pulse pressure(PP) and cardiovascular risk factors,cardiac function in Tibetan adults through survey on distributive characteristics of PP in Tibetan adults from Songpan county,Sichuan province in China.Methods:An cross-section study was carried out in Songpan county,Sichuan province of China.Questionnaire investigation and physical examination were performed by multi-phase,stratified,unequal proportional and random cluster sampling to investigate 1015 Tibetan adults aged 18-74 years.Results:In Songpan county the average PP is(45.59±14.22)mmHg;the incidence rate of abnormal PP was 14.09%(143/1015).Multifactor linear regression and Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal PP was positively related with age(OR=1.05,P0.05) and negatively related with level of high density lipoprotein(OR=-2.69,P0.05).Compare with normal PP group,systemic vascular resistance [SVR,(1112.61±346.74) kPa/L vs.(1308.27±354.87) kPa/L,t=-4.87] significantly increased,levels of cardiac index [CI,(3.55±1.00) L/min m2 vs.(3.22±0.54) L/min m2,t=3.08] and stroke index [SI,(45.68±12.76) ml/m2 vs.(39.45±9.52) ml/m2,t=4.37] significantly decreased in abnormal PP group(P0.05 all).Conclusion:Abnormal PP is common in Chinese Tibetan adults aged 18～74 years,which associated with cardiovascular risk factors and change of cardiac function.Health management for Tibetan adults with abnormal PP is strongly advocated.

Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) acts as one kind of important transcription factors to play the protective function to the myocardial cell in physiological state,but the function of NF-κB is different based on stimulation.NF-κB has been shown to influence multiple segments during the numerous cardiovascular diseases pathological process,including cell survival,appreciation and differentiation,adjustment of cell response to each kind of stimulations,such as hypoxia,pressure and ischemia and so on.NF-κB plays an important role in numerous cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury,the ischemic preconditioning,the myocardial hypertrophy and the heart failure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist haunch ratio(WHR),waist height ratio(WHtR)and metabolic factors of Tibetan children in Sichuan province.Methods Totally 818 Tibetan children (aged from 10 to 17)in Songpan,Sichuan province with complete information were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method in October,2007.The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),serum concentration of cholesterol(TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were measured and the correlationships among them were analyzed.Results The incidence of overweight and obesity in girls(12.78%)was much higher than that of boys(3.30%).The level of blood pressure and blood lipid were of significant difference among the normal group and overweight/obesity group both in girls and in boys.Controlling for sex and age,there was a positive correlation between BMI,WC and SBP,DBP.Also,there was correlation between the blood lipid levels and obesity indicators.Conclusion The levels of BMI,WC,WHR,WHtR,blood pressure and blood lipid of Tibetan children in Sichuan are variable in different sexes and age groups.Therefore,monitoring of the BMI,WC,WhR and WhtR plays an important role in controlling and maintaining the blood pressure and lipid.