创新主体专利能力的形成和培育离不开政府的帮助。文章从创新主体专利能力形成过程中创新能力的培养、知识产权意识的普及和提高、专利申请意愿的强化、专利申请能力的建设、专利申请费用的保证等五个方面分析了政府如何帮助创新主体提高专利创造的能力。

2013年,在国家、广东省知识产权局和广州市委、市政府的正确领导下,广州知识产权工作以国家知识产权示范城市建设为抓手,强化政策引导,加强执法保护,搭建服务平台,创新工作模式,不断提升专利转化运用的能力和水平,取得良好成效. 一、强化政策引导,引领知识产权事业发展 广州市委、市政府高度重视知识产权工作,整合提升了广州市知识产权工作领导小组规格,由市长任组长,统筹协调广州市知识产权战略实施、打击侵权假冒和软件正版化工作.

数据库中间件是电力调度自动化平台的核心技术,目前国内尚没有很好地同时解决数据库中间件的跨平台、实时性、扩展性三方面问题的技术方案.文章介绍了在SpanOS-2000系统中使用最新Java技术来解决此问题的尝试,试验证明,该方案可行而且有很大发展潜力.

In this paper, a new concept of restorability of power supply (RPS) and the corresponding performance indices are suggested. Load transfer algorithm is used for enhancing the RPS of distribution systems. Feeder incidence diagram (FID) is proposed for analyzing the rules for load transfer. The performance indices, maximal interrupted power (MIP), and maximal number of interrupted customers (MNIC), will be calculated before the restoration operation or apparatus maintenance. These indices can serve for evaluating the operation status of feeders, estimating the impact of load transfer and switch operation, and assessing the RPS. They can also be used to optimize the allocation of tie-breakers in a meshed network. The work is of great significance in distribution system reconstruction in China.

Load variation is taken into consideration in power system dynamic reactive power optimization. An algorithm for dynamic optimization of the whole medium-high voltage distribution network is presented in this paper. This algorithm simplifies the mathematical model of unknown control variables, determines the assumed switching time of control devices and then converts the dynamic optimization model into the same one as static optimization. Therefore, every method used to solve static optimization can be used to solve the dynamic model as a whole. This methodology is not only simple in modeling, but also easy in integrating into the existing static optimization module. The test results have shown that the presented algorithm can reduce daily energy loss and raise the ratio of qualified voltage under the constraint of maximal allowable daily operating times, as well as satisfy the needs of real-time operation.

Adjusting transformer taps and switching capacitor banks are the most effective ways for reactive power optimization (RPO) in distribution systems. Considering the characteristics of the high-medium voltage level distribution systems, the RPO is divided into two sub-problems, capacitor switching and transformer adjusting, which are alternatively solved to get the final result. Moreover, capacitor switching is formulated with the successive linear integer programming model. Transformer adjusting is processed through the strategy of divisional voltage control. Further numerical tests are carried out and results show that the algorithm proposed is practical and efficient for distribution systems loss minimization.

A cross-platform spreadsheet software package for power industry is presented in this paper. The main features of this software package and its thought of design are emphatically described. Comparing with the current wide-applied spreadsheet products the superiority and application prospect of this software package are pointed out. By use of the object-oriented method this spreadsheet software package is developed under JBilder and the JClass component library whose copyright is reserved by Sitraka Co.. is adopted. This spreadsheet software is applied in a county power dispatching institute and the running results show that this software package is stable and easy to use.

In this paper, an algorithm for reactive power optimization with time-varying fuzzy load model (RPOTF) for medium-high voltage distribution networks is presented. This algorithm simplifies the mathematical model of unknown control variables, determines the assumed switching time of control devices and then converts the time-varying optimization model into the same one as static optimization. This methodology considers the uncertainties in load demands, therefore, control devices are believed to need few operations after the optimization. Numerical tests are carried out and results show that the proposed algorithm is practical and efficient for energy loss minimization in distribution systems. At last, this paper discusses the requirements for the application of RPOTF, and presents a solution to put it into practice.

A concept of capability of restorable power supply and the corresponding performance indices are presented. Feeder incidence diagram is introduced to analyze the rules of network structure change and the algorithm for load transfer is used to enhance the capability of restorable power supply in distribution systems for a given duration. The performance indices, one is maximal interrupted power, and another is maximal number of interrupted customers, are computed before the operations of fault processing and apparatus maintenance. These indices can be applied in various ways: to measure the operation status of feeder, to assess the capability of power supply , to assess the effect of load transfer and switch operation, and to optimize the allocation of circuit breakers in a meshed network.

为适应当前我国电力市场下新的运营规则提出了安全校核算法 ,并充分利用原有发电计划程序。在安全校核中 ,系统如果可以仅仅通过调整机组出力来消除过载 ,则给出机组出力调整措施 ;如果系统必须要通过调整机组开停计划才能消除过载 ,则给出建议的机组开停指标 ;从而与通用的发电计划算法一起 ,可以生成带安全校核的闭环交易计划。该算法以系统购电费用最小为目标 ,基于线性规划中的对偶单纯形方法 ,同时利用松弛技术和降阶基方程技巧 ,并且考虑了机组报价曲线的非线性特点。依据该算法所开发的应用软件已经在辽宁省发电侧电力市场中投入实时运行 ,实际计算结果表明 ,该算法收敛速度快 ,计算结果合理、符合系统实际 ,与发电计划一起实现了带安全校核的闭环实时交易计划。

This paper proposes an improved algorithm of fault location, isolation and restoration for distribution systems. Considering the automation level of present distribution systems, SCADA information based fault location method is adopted, in which error and aberrance of SCADA information are screened. As an effective method, SCADA information based fault location method can affirm the fault position needed by fault isolation and restoration and is close associated with GIS to display fault and outage sections predicted in the distribution system quickly. To implement a closed-loop control of fault location, isolation and restoration, this paper proposes an improved algorithm in case of trigger-refused of circuit breakers. The proposed algorithm has been tested in Yangzhou Municipal Distribution System. The calculation results show that the improved algorithm is feasible and effective.

文章从电网调度自动化的发展需要出发,立足于Linux自由软件、JAVA技术以及广义平台的概念,推导出电网调度自动化及其支撑平台的一种全新的体系模式并付诸实践,以期成为第四代电网调度自动化的雏形.

Distribution network reconfiguration is a multi-objective optimization problem in real-time operation environment. An effective method is developed based on the concept of hybrid flow pattern, where both secure and economic objectives are under considerations at the same time. The proposed method can be applied to unbalanced systems. Both unifying objective function approach and parametric approach, which are efficient techniques in solving the problem of multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM), are used to search for more practical solutions. A computer program has been developed based on this methodology. Numerical tests have shown that this methodology is valid and efficient.

This paper presents a new state estimation method for radial distribution systems, which can handle ail kinds of real-time measurements. In contrast to traditional weighted-least-square (WLS) method, the novel idea of this algorithm is to decompose the WLS problem of whole system into a series of WLS sub-problems and each sub-problem is to deal with only single branch state estimation. This approach can be implemented in forward/backward sweep schema for radial distribution systems and does not need the sparse matrix technique. Test results of a large-scale practical distribution system in China show the proposed method is both valid and efficient.

开发了一个基于 NT的配电管理系统 （ TH— DMS）。该 DMS采用商用数据库 （如 SQLServer）与自主开发的实时数据库相结合的模式 ,运用 VC++编程 ,所包括的功能有 :配电网拓扑分析与网络着色、配电变压器负荷预测、配电网状态估计、配电网潮流计算、电压 /无功控制 （网络重构与电容器投切 ）、短路电流计算、故障的隔离与恢复、培训模拟、用户报装分析、设备管理、基于Web技术的远方数据浏览等。这是一套拥有自主版权的系统 ,其中研制并开发的如基于支路估计的配电网状态估计算法 ,单环网的两部潮流算法 ,网络重构的递归虚拟流法 ,电容器投切的逐次线性整数规划法等 ,具有计算速度快 ,适应能力强等特点 ,能满足我国配电系统的实际需要。部分算法如网络拓扑、负荷预测、状态估计、潮流计算等 ,已在浙江绍兴的配电网中投入运行并通过了现场验收 ,评价很好

This paper presents a novel unit commitment method in which some intricate constraints are considered, such as available transfer capability limitation (ATCL) of both lines and interfaces, network loss effects, and units' ramp rates. The network security constraints are checked by DC power flow. The key technique of the method is the combination of dynamic programming for one tentative running unit with economic dispatch for fulfilled load (EDFL). The distinct features of the method are monotonous convergence, considering more constraints and less computational requirements. Comparison of the proposed method with the Lagrangian relaxation approach demonstrates the effectiveness and the potential benefits of the proposed method for power system operation.

The novel approach developed in this paper is for the accurate determination of power flow in both normal and faulted unbalanced distribution systems. Based on a hybrid compensation method, the proposed methodology has three distinguishable enhancements compared with the existing algorithms. First, the internal impedance of power source is discussed in detail, and a revised power flow algorithm is introduced accordingly. Second, various types of single or multiple faults are simulated in a complete uniform model without any extra processing for a certain fault. At the same time, both direct short circuits and faults through impedance are under full considerations. Third, a novel Thevenin equivalent is developed when the source transformer is ungrounded. In addition, the influence of shunt capacitance of lines is studied, which is especially important for single line-to-ground faults in an ungrounded system. A computer program has been developed based on this methodology. Numerical tests on a Chinese large real distribution system verify the validity and efficiency of the presented algorithm

综合分析了近些年来关于多端交直流系统(AC/MTDC)潮流计算的算法;提出了一种计算AC/MTDC潮流的新方法--准确交替求解法.此方法在保证算法收敛性的基础上,可以很方便地与现有的不同潮流算法相结合,实现简单.算例验证了所提方法的正确性、有效性.

Conventional expert systems applied to fault location need to manually build complicated knowledge databases and can not satisfy real-time demand. This paper describes a new method for fault section estimation using cause-effect network technique. Cause-effect network represents causality between the faults and the actions of both relays and circuit breakers. In addition, this paper shows how to use object-oriented technology to automatically form cause-effect networks. The formed networks don't need to consider specific relays and can fit in all kinds of power networks.

Strategy for active power security correction is aimed to adjust the operation mode of a power system and to get a more secure power system. It is mainly used to alleviate overload of transmission lines and tie line groups. The physical meaning of active generation sensitivity with respect to transmission line is analyzed and the transforming formula of sensitivity while changing slack generator is derived. Based on the sensitivity calculation, active generations with positive sensitivity and that with negative sensitivity are adjusted with opposite equal quantity in order to obtain a strategy with a balanced active power and minimum adjustment value. This approach has been implemented in the EMS of Northeast Power Network. It has been shown that this approach is practical, robust and valid.