Grain refinement and precipitation are conventionally employed to enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. However, there remains a challenge in obtaining a fine grain structure together with a high-density precipitates, particularly in rare-earth containing magnesium alloys. In this study, a strong and ductile Mg-RE (WE43) alloy featuring a fine twin structure and dense nano-precipitates was fabricated via a processing combining multi-directional compression with multi-intermediate aging. The mechanical characterization demonstrated that the fabricated WE43 alloy exhibits an exceptional work-hardening capacity and enhanced ultimate tensile strength, albeit with some compromise in yield strength. Microstructural investigations reveal that the multi-directional compression promotes extensive grain refinement through the formation of nanostructured deformation twins, while the multi-intermediate aging inhibits twin expansion via solutes and precipitates pinning along twin boundaries. Further transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of high-density nano-precipitates within the matrix. The fine twins and dense precipitation structure strongly promote dislocation multiplication and accumulation, by interaction among dislocations, twin boundaries and nano-precipitates, leading to the significantly improved work-hardening capability and ultimate strength. The current study presents a new approach for the fabrication of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys with high ductility and ultimate strength.

Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA)-based insulating paper exhibits excellent electrical insulation and mechanica l properties, including higher breakdown strength (Eb) than conventional cellulose insulating paper. However, its intrinsically low thermal conductivity limits heat dissipation in oil-paper insulation systems, causing Joule heat accumulation, insulation degradation, and thermal breakdown. Herein, we report PMIA-based composite papers prepared by binary multidimensional doping the small-size 0D sphere-like aluminum nitride (AlN) filler with large-size 3D sphere-like, 2D lamellar-like, and 1D wire-like AlN fillers, respectively. At the same total filler volume fraction, large-size fillers with different morphologies show distinct advantages. For electrical insulation, the 2D lamellar-like filler most effectively enhances Eb by optimizing trap characteristics and mitigating electric field distortion, reaching 284.3 kV/mm, 29.5

A novel near-infrared luminescent fluorescent composite material, TCPP-His@ZIF-8, was successfully constructed. Through an amide condensation reaction, Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) was covalently anchored onto the surface of L-histidine (His) -modified ZIF-8 metal-organic framework. This material serves as a highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescence sensing platform. Upon introducing mitoxantrone (MITX) as a fluorescence quencher, the material achieves highly selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of MITX. Mechanistic studies revealed that the fluorescence quenching of TCPP-His@ZIF-8 by MITX involves multiple mechanisms: the shift in absorption peaks confirms the presence of static quenching, while FRET is the primary mechanism responsible for the shortening of fluorescence lifetime, i.e., the dynamic quenching process. The inner filter effect (IFE) contributes partially to the reduction in apparent fluorescence intensity but is not the dominant factor. Under optimal experimental conditions, the sensor exhibits good linearity for MITX detection within the range of 0.125-14.0 μM, with a detection limit as low as 91.93 nM. Anti-interference and selectivity experiments demonstrated that common interferents and antibiotic analogues did not significantly affect detection. Furthermore, spiked recovery experiments in real samples such as tap water, milk, and human serum yielded satisfactory results, validating the reliability and potential of this method for practical applications.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent group I carcinogen, demands ultrasensitive detection methods to safeguard food safety. Herein, a dual-mode aptasensor combining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence (FL) was developed for AFB1 detection. This sensing platform utilized 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) modified Au nanoparticles on Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide (4-MBA@Au/Fe3O4@rGO) as the SERS substrate, and employed amino-functionalized UIO-66 (UIO-66-NH2) as both a fluorescent probe (lambda ex/lambda em = 360/425 nm) and a nanocarrier for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Owing to the high load capacity (530 +/- 30 mg g(-1)) and well-retained activity (74.23 %) of ALP on UIO-66-NH2 (UIO-66-ALP), UIO-66-ALP efficiently catalyzed 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid (AA2P) to generate ascorbic acid (AA), which reduced AgNO3 to form Ag shells on 4-MBA@Au, amplifying SERS signals. The introduction of AFB1 caused the dissociation of the aptamer-complementary DNA (cDNA) duplex. This triggered the release of UIO-66-ALP-cDNA from the Apt-modified 4-MBA@Au/Fe3O4@RGO (4-MBA@Au/Fe3O4@rGO-Apt), resulting in a decrease of SERS and FL signals. The developed aptasensor showed low detection limits (12 fg mL(-1) for FL; 0.77 fg mL(-1) for SERS), and a broad linear range (100 fg mL(-1) - 1000 ng mL(-1) for FL; 1 fg mL(-1) - 1000 ng mL(-1) for SERS). In addition, it exhibited high specificity against interferents (aflatoxin B2, AFB2; ochratoxin A, OTA; patulin, PAT) and consistent reproducibility (relative standard deviations, RSD < 6.35 %). Furthermore, the validation in real samples (moldy bread, corn oil, peanuts) yielded recoveries of 95.36-107.8 %, confirming the method's practical applicability. This work established a benchmark for multiplexed mycotoxin detection, offering significant advancements in food safety monitoring.

Herein, carbon and nitrogen co-doped CuO nanozymes (C-N/CuO) were constructed via direct pyrolysis of copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a single-source precursor. This approach enables the simultaneous incorporation of Cu, C, and N without additional dopants, offering a simple route to tune the electronic structure of CuO. The sample obtained at 400 °C (C-N/CuO-400) exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity, which is attributed to C-N incorporation and reduced particle size. In the presence of H2O2, C-N/CuO-400 catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by reactive oxygen species (˙OH and 1O2). Tetracycline (TC) suppresses this process, resulting in a decreased color signal. Based on this effect, a colorimetric and smartphone-assisted method was developed for TC detection, showing a linear range of 1-40 µM with detection limits of 0.15 µM and 0.38 µM. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for nanozyme-based sensing.

Direct chill (DC) casting is the core process for fabricating high-performance magnesium alloy billets, while single electromagnetic fields suffer from inherent limitations in global flow-thermal synergistic regulation. Herein, a transient electromagnetic-flow-heat transfer multi-physics coupling model was established to reveal the regulation mechanism of single (static, SMF; harmonic, HMF; pulsed, PMF) and coupled electromagnetic fields on macroscopic physical fields of Mg-7.5Al-0.5Mn alloy melt. The results demonstrate that single magnetic fields can only achieve unidirectional local regulation: SMF suppresses turbulence but lacks stirring ability; HMF drives overall circulation with low radial heat transfer efficiency; PMF generates transient strong convection yet discontinuous heat transport and weak central penetration. Benefiting from spatiotemporal synergistic Lorentz force, coupled magnetic fields exhibit superior regulation performance. Specifically, SMF-HMF balances flow velocity and stability; SMF - PMF eliminates local overheating and undercooling; HMF-PMF optimizes temperature uniformity and cooling efficiency most effectively, with the smallest radial temperature gradient and highest heat transfer efficiency. This work clarifies the synergistic regulation mechanism of composite electromagnetic fields, providing theoretical and numerical guidance for the preparation of high - quality magnesium alloy DC cast ingots.

A Mg-6Zn-6Gd-0.3Ce (wt%) alloy was designed and subjected to extrusion at 340 °C followed by T6 aging. The microstructures, thermal conductivities, and mechanical properties under different conditions were systematically investigated. The results reveal that: (1)The as-extruded alloy exhibits a thermal conductivity of 150.4 W/(m·K), an ultimate tensile strength of 306.4 MPa, an elongation of 18.3%, and a strength-elongation product of 5607.12 MPa·%; The high thermal conductivity is attributed to the dynamic precipitation of the W-phase (Mg₃Zn₃Gd₂) during extrusion, which effectively removes solute atoms from the matrix and reduces electron scattering; The excellent strength-ductility synergy originates from significant grain refinement, with an average grain size of 3.97 μm; (2)After T6 aging, the thermal conductivity decreases by approximately 10.8% to 134.1 W/(m·K), while the mechanical properties remain largely unchanged. (3) Quantitative resistivity analysis reveals that γ″ nano-precipitates and grain boundary segregation layers collectively contribute approximately 0.47 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m of additional resistivity, comparable to that of the micron-scale W-phase, demonstrating their non-negligible cumulative electron scattering effect. This work provides a viable strategy for developing high-performance thermally conductive Mg alloys.

Environmental microbial nucleic acids are increasingly recognized as critical biomarkers for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and health assessment. However, the inherent instability of RNA and the dependence of existing analytical methods on lab-intensive laboratory procedures severely hinder their on-site applications. In this study, a rapid, amplification-free nanochannel-based electrochemical biosensing strategy was developed for directly and quantitatively detecting microbial DNA and RNA. By coupling molecular recognition with ion transport modulation at the nanochannel interface, nucleic acid binding events are transduced into measurable electrochemical signals. The integration of a simplified lysis protocol enabled direct analysis with minimal sample processing and high resistance to matrix interference, achieving a detection limit of 6 copies·μL–1. The sensing platform was validated across diverse environmental samples, including seawater, freshwater, and sediment, and the results were consistent with those obtained via conventional qPCR. The field validation further confirmed the reliability of in situ nucleic acid detection while reducing biases associated with sample transport and laboratory handling. This work establishes a practical and field-validated biosensing approach for rapid nucleic acid quantification in complex environments.

Excessive accumulation of Al 3+ poses risks to environmental safety and human health, necessitating rapid and reliable detection.

Given the flammability of epoxy resin (EP), enhancing its fire safety is crucial. Therefore, designing an additive flame retardant with highly effective flame-retardant properties is particularly important. This experiment designed three metal-modified P-N synergistic flame retardants (A–M–Mg, A–M–Cu, A–M–Zn), which were incorporated into EP at a fixed proportion (20 wt

Based on a novel semi-continuous casting mold with independent primary cooling regulation, a large-size Mg-9.4Gd-5.8Y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy billet (Ø330 mm) was successfully fabricated via differential phase electromagnetic vibration casting. This process significantly improved microstructural homogeneity, with grain sizes ranging from 117 µm to 130 µm across the billet and elemental segregation of Gd and Y below 3%. Homogenization at 520 °C for 5 h effectively dissolved grain boundary eutectic phases; promoted diffusion of Gd, Y, and Zn into the α-Mg matrix; and stimulated the precipitation of fine LPSO lamellae. These microstructural improvements resulted in an excellent tensile strength of 208.4 MPa and elongation of 24.4%, demonstrating an optimal strength-ductility balance achieved through precise thermal processing.

Elevated temperatures lead to a reduction in the strength of magnesium-based alloys. At elevated temperatures (200–300 °C), even rare-earth reinforced Mg alloys experience notable strength deterioration. In this paper, the additions of different composition (0.4 and 0.8 wt.%) of Ca or Al in Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn alloy is added to increase the service temperature. The strength of Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn is effectively improved by Al element and higher after more Al is added, particularly at 300 °C. Specifically, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn alloy increases from 181 MPa to 213 MPa by adding 0.8 wt.% Al. Remarkably, the UTS declines merely by 36 MPa (from 249 to 213 MPa) between 200 °C and 300 °C. And at both RT and elevated temperature (300 °C), Al alloying effectively improves the EL of Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn alloy, with improvements from 5.4% to 14.4% and 8.2% to 23.1%, respectively. Al element has dramatically increased the thermal stability and more significant effect at higher temperature. After prolonged annealing at 475 °C for 48 h, the Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn-0.8Al alloy shows only a limited increase in grain size from 16.9 to 23 µm. Even after annealing at 525 °C for 48 h, the Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn-0.8Al alloy maintains a grain size of approximately 41 µm. However, the growth of grain in basic alloy and 0.4 wt.% Ca alloy exceeds 150 µm. For microstructure, Ca addition primarily promotes LPSO phase formation and subsequent coarsening. Alloying with Al leads to three distinct microstructural changes: the LPSO phase transitions from interconnected networks to discrete blocks, Al2Y particles precipitate homogenously, and second phases distribute more uniformly. And the texture is also weakened by Al element. Essential mechanisms of Ca/Al effects on mechanical properties, thermal stability, and microstructure in Mg-7Y-3Zn-0.4Mn alloys are investigated.

In this paper, a polyether- and tertiary amine-modified silicone surfactant was studied, which had both the surface properties and catalytic properties of the polyurethane reaction. A series of surfactants were synthesized, and their structures were characterized. The performance of the surfactant was discussed by testing its static and dynamic surface tension. The catalytic efficiency was verified by infrared dynamic tracking of the isocyanate reaction process. Finally, the prepared polyether- and tertiary amine-modified silicones were used as surfactants in the polyurethane rigid foam formula, and it was found that the use of organic amine catalysts could be greatly reduced. Therefore, the volatile organic content emission of rigid polyurethane foam can be reduced, and the surface defects of the rigid polyurethane can be improved.

The challenges associated with the practical application of natural laccase, such as poor reusability and intrinsic fragility, have driven the exploration of alternative solutions. In particular, cerium-based nanozymes emerge as promising candidates due to their high O2 mobility and inherent redox reactivity. However, there is a need for more in-depth and systematic research to enhance their catalytic activity and expand their application areas. Herein, a mesoporous cerium-based MOF material (MPUiO-66(Ce)) was synthesized with the cooperative assembly of amphiphilic molecular template and framework precursors. Compared with natural laccase, MPUiO-66(Ce) exhibited ∼4.3-fold higher catalytic efficiency, along with enhanced stability under harsh conditions. Besides, the catalytic efficiency of MPUiO-66(Ce) was ∼4.0-fold higher than that of non-porous Ce-UiO-66 (NPUiO-66(Ce)). This enhancement can be attributed to its mesoporous structure, which acted as bionic pockets and provided favorable conditions for the effective diffusion and capture of substrates. Based on the above advantages, MPUiO-66(Ce) was employed for colorimetric sensing epinephrine (EP) and tetracycline (TC), respectively. EP can be detected within 5 min, resulting in a low detection limit of 400 nM and a broad linear range of 10-220 μM. Besides, the MPUiO-66(Ce)-based colourimetric platform could discriminate TC from other antibiotics, showing a wide linear range (20-250 mΜ) and a low detection limit of 810 nM. Furthermore, this sensing platform can accurately identify EP in serum, as well as TC in tap water, river water and soil. This work provided a new approach for designing cerium-based nanoenzymes with improved catalytic activity and highlighted their potential applications in the fields of life analysis and environmental monitoring.

A comparative study concerning the influence of pre-induced twins and dislocations on the hardening of basal slip and prismatic slip at room temperature (RT) and cryogenic temperature (77K) has been performed. One sample without pre-compression (AR sample) and two samples with different strains of pre-compression (PC samples) along the transverse direction (TD) were prepared. The AR and PC samples were tensioned along the rolling direction (RD) and 45 degrees(in the ND-TD plane) direction from ND to activate predominantly prismatic slip and basal slip deformations, respectively. Interestingly, the results demonstrated that the pre-induced {1012} twins and dislocations by pre-compression is more effective in strengthening prismatic slip (47-72 MPa increment in yield strength) than basal slip (20-38 MPa increment in yield strength) under cryogenic loading, which is quite different from the hardening tendency observed at room temperature: 18-32 MPa increments of yield strength in prismatic slip-dominated deformation, while 22-42 MPa increments of yield strength in basal slipdominated deformation. The reversed hardening tendency was understood by quantitative analysis of work hardening by pre-induced twins/dislocations and twin-induced grain refinement. Moreover, the twin-induced grain reorientation effect on the hardening also detailed at 77K and indicates a harder deformation transfer in prismatic slip-dominated deformation than basal slip-dominated deformation.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, porosity, chemical stability, and sustainability, which enable a wide range of applications in recent years. In this study, tetrazine-based organic frameworks, named TzF-9, were investigated for their ability to quench fluorescence in nucleic acids labeled with fluorophores. The experimental results demonstrated that TzF-9 effectively quenched the fluorescence of fluorophore-labeled single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) probes with more than six bases. Notably, the quenching process was rapid, reaching equilibrium in just about three minutes to achieve a high quenching efficiency (∼95%). Significantly, its excellent quenching ability is retained across a wide pH range. Furthermore, fluorescent dyes, including fluorescein (FAM), cyanine dye 3 (Cy3), and 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX), labeled on long ssDNA probes, were efficiently quenched, indicating that TzF-9 can function as a universal fluorescence quencher. In addition, the quenching efficiency of TzF-9 for short ssDNA and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) probes was significantly lower than for long ssDNA probes. Taking advantage of these distinct quenching efficiencies for DNA probes with different structures, TzF-9 was employed as a sensing platform for detecting ssDNA and nuclease activity, exhibiting good selectivity and high sensitivity. With its combination of strong quenching ability and high stability, TzF-9 presents a promising quencher for biosensing applications.

In this paper, we reported an ultrahigh strength Ti-4Cu-6Al (wt.%) alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), and the microstructure and mechanical behavior of as-SLMed and heat-treated alloys were systematically investigated. Findings indicate that the as-SLMed specimen consists of an ultrafine acicular alpha ' structure, averaging a spacing of similar to 0.07 mu m. The ultrafine acicular alpha ' decomposes into alpha and Ti2Cu after heat treatment at 700 degrees C and 800 degrees C for 1 h. The Ti2Cu precipitate phase became invisible, while a small number of beta(t) Cu-enriched structure formed when the heat treatment temperature is raised to 900 degrees C. The as-SLMed sample exhibits an ultra-high ultimate tensile strength of 1578 MPa, while a low elongation of 1.7 %. The heat treatment temperature at 700 degrees C decreases the ultimate tensile strength to 1299 MPa, while it hardly improves tensile elongation. A good balance between strength and elongation is achieved when the specimens were subjected to thermal processing at 800 degrees C or 900 degrees C for 1 h. The specimen subjected to heat treatment at 900 degrees C demonstrated superior mechanical performance, evidenced by a notable increase in tensile elongation from 1.7 % to 10.3 % and a slight decrease in ultimate tensile strength from 1578 MPa to 1254 MPa. At last, the reasons for the microstructure evolution during heat treatments and the strengthening mechanisms in the as-prepared samples were discussed.

A heterogeneous transverse direction (TD)-tilt texture in rare-earth-containing magnesium plates typically results in obvious in-plane anisotropy in their mechanical behavior. In this study, the planar anisotropy of yield strength during tension along the rolling direction (RD) and TD is quantified in a Mg-0.1Zn-0.5Gd plate with different grain sizes and texture patterns. Regardless of the grain size, the yield strength along the RD is approximately 33 MPa higher than that along the TD in the plate with the c-axis distributed in an elliptical region. In contrast, a near in-plane isotropy of the mechanical properties is observed in the plate with the c-axis aligned primarily in a circular region. Microstructural analysis and crystal plasticity simulations show that basal slip prevailed during the tension test, with varied complementary deformation modes in different loading directions. Prismatic slip is the main complementary deformation mode during tension along the RD, whereas tensile twinning is important during tension along the TD. The yield anisotropy is primarily attributed to the varied intercept σ_0 in the Hall–Petch relation during tension along different directions. The invariant Hall–Petch slope k results in grain size independence on the mechanical anisotropy. Finally, a quantitative discussion on the differences of σ_0 and the similarity in k related to the relative activity of the deformation modes is provided.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serves as a critical biomarker for diagnosing diseases. However, existing detection methods of ALP activity are still challenged by insufficient sensitivity and environmental vulnerability. Recently, carbon-based nanozymes have emerged as a promising solution for detecting ALP, offering cost-effectiveness, robust stability, and high sensitivity. Despite these advantages, the performance of these sensors predominantly relies on the enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity. Therefore, the development of efficient synthesis methods of carbon nanozymes with enhanced catalytic activity is highly imperative for ALP biosensors. Herein, a sensitive colorimetric sensor for ALP activity was developed based on nitrogen-iron co-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (Fe-NHCS). Fe-NHCS was synthesized via a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived method using the iron source of FeCl3 & sdot;6H2O and polystyrene (PS) templates, which effectively stabilized the hierarchical porous architecture of MOFs and prevented structural collapse during pyrolysis. The resulted Fe-NHCS exhibited high oxidase-like activity (Km: 0.198 mM, Vmax: 1.627 x 10- 7 M s- 1) due to the synergistic effects of biomimetic Fe-N active sites, a large surface area (449.3 m2 g- 1), and hollow architecture. Furthermore, a Fe-NHCS-based ALP biosensor was developed by exploiting ALP-catalyzed L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) hydrolysis to produce ascorbic acid (AA), which inhibited the oxidation of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). This ALP biosensor achieved remarkable sensitivity with the linear ranges of 0.05-60 U L- 1 and a low detection limit (0.0167 U L- 1). Validation experiments in spiked human serum showed the recovery rates ranging from 98.2 % to 113.8 %, indicating high accuracy and reliability for clinical applications. This study not only provided fundamental insights into structure-activity relationships of carbon-based nanozymes but also offered a general strategy of designing enzyme-mimicking materials for point-of-care testing ALP application.

Although many magnesium alloys with a high ductility have been developed previously, their thermal conductivity are often unsatisfied. An Mg-1Zn-1Cu-xCe (x = 0.2, 0.5) with both a high ductility and a high thermal conductivity (TC) was developed. The mechanical behavior, thermal conductivity and microstructure during hot rolling and annealing treatment were systematically studied. A high thermal conductivity in the range of 145.9-152.9 W/(m center dot K) is obtained in Mg-1Zn-1Cu-xCe (x = 0.2, 0.5) alloys. With the increase of Ce content, the TC of the as-cast alloy increases by approximately 5 W/(m center dot K), while only slightly enhance that of the rolled and annealed plate by approximately 1 W/(m center dot K). The hot rolled and annealed Mg-1Zn-1Cu-xCe (x = 0.2, 0.5) has a high elongation (EL) up to 29.6 % under tension along the rolling direction (RD), together with the highest yield strength (YS) of 114 MPa. The increase of Ce content can improve the maximum YS by approximately 20 MPa, while hardly affects the maximum tensile elongation. A strong anisotropy of yield strength and tensile elongation between RD and transverse direction (TD) is seen in both Mg-1Zn-1Cu-0.2Ce and Mg-1Zn-1Cu-0.5Ce plates. A higher content of Ce increases the number of block phases and transforms the network phases into semi-network phases. After rolling and annealing treatment, the network phases are broken. A weak and TD-spread basal texture is developed, with basal poles spreading and inclining from the normal direction (ND) toward the TD. At last, the mechanisms for the high EL and the high TC in Mg-1Zn-1Cu-xCe alloy is discussed.