Objective:To understand the current situation and problems in the construction of research wards in Beijing municipal hospitals, and put forward corresponding strategies and suggestions to explore the path for the construction of research hospitals.Methods:From March 2020 to May 2021, through the method of questionnaire and expert interview, the bed and personnel allocation, projects undertaken, review efficiency and problems faced by the research wards of 22 Beijing municipal hospitals were analyzed in depth.Results:82%(18/22)of the municipal hospitals explored the construction of research wards, and 27%(6/22) were Beijing Demonstration research wards construction units. In 2020, the overall performance of the construction of research ward was as follows: the investment of clinical research resources was increased, the ability of clinical research was enhanced, the ability to serve enterprises in Beijing was improved, the efficiency of examination was improved, but the enrollment rate of clinical research(including clinical trials) was reduced. At present, the main problems were focused on investment, personnel and informatization.Conclusions:The construction of research wards in Beijing municipal hospitals is developing steadily, but there are still some problems, such as lack of clinical research talents, performance incentive and guarantee to be strengthened. In the future, we should strengthen the training of clinical research talents, improve the incentive and guarantee mechanism, promote the integration of industry, university and research, accelerate the construction of clinical research information system, further improve the hospital′s clinical research ability and level, and accumulate experience for the construction of research hospitals.

Collaborative development among medical practice, education and research is a strategic decision of the country in disciplinary development guided by the innovation-driven strategy. In October 2017, Beijing Hospitals Authority organized 18 tertiary hospitals with pediatrics discipline and founded a collaborative development center for pediatrics. This center operated in a model featuring both leadership of due authorities and autonomous administration. Two of the specialized pediatrics hospitals work as leading units, and existing high quality pediatrics resources of the member hospitals were pooled to establish an academics committee and an executive committee. A development system was established with disciplinary construction as the focus, collaborative development as the goal and horizontal collaboration as the means. It was designed to explore a new model featuring overall planning and standardized management of the discipline, building of a shared platform for clinical capacity development, joint development of continued medical education and talent cultivation, as well as diversified and multi-centered research and platform resources sharing. This model can effectively promote the overall development level of pediatrics in Beijing municipal hospitals.

中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾表现为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分发展之间的矛盾.深化医药卫生体制改革的目标表现为"为人民群众提供全方位全周期健康服务".以前大型公立医院多是粗放式的管理模式,无序扩张,服务效率较低,群众看病难、看病贵问题凸显.

Objective:Construct a set of evaluation system of scientific and technological innovation index of Beijing municipal hospitals, so as to lay a foundation for the systematic evaluation of scientific and technological innovation capacities of such hospitals.Methods:By using the methods of literature review and expert consultation, the composition and weight of scientific and technological innovation index of Beijing municipal hospitals are determined.Results:The evaluation system includes 5 first-level indexes, 13 second-level indexes and 17 third-level indexes, which including innovation resource index, talent development index, academic contribution index, development vitality index and industry support index.Conclusions:The evaluation system of scientific and technological innovation index of Beijing municipal hospitals pays attention to the talent development and high-quality output, innovation introduces development vitality index and industrial support index, which is a useful exploration for the " collectivization" horizontal quantitative evaluation of scientific and technological innovation capacity.

2017年4月,北京市医院管理局(以下简称医管局)下发《医学学科协同发展中心试点工作实施方案》,选择在儿科和消化内科等学科具有全国领先优势的两家市属医院试点医学学科协同发展中心(以下简称协同中心)建设,辐射带动其他市属医院儿科和消化内科的整体发展水平,初步建立适合市属医院的协同发展体系,进一步提高管理水平、创新工作模式、完善运行机制以及绩效产出、建立质量评估和持续改进体系.协同中心定位于区域协同发展,又不同于传统的分级诊疗体系和区域医学中心,是医管局在充分梳理市属医院学科发展特点,并结合自身集团化管理优势的基础上提出的一种有机协同、全面发展且相对紧密的协同创新体系,对提高市属医院整体学科水平有重要意义,报告如下.

目的 2017年度中国医院科技影响力排行(综合排名)得分、指标体系和相应数据中,选取前100的北京市属三级医院为研究对象,分析科技影响力发展现状,为市属医院提升科技影响力提出策略性建议.方法 通过描述性分析等方法,分析北京市属医院的投入、产出、影响力及科研效率,并与在京央属医院相关指标进行比较.结果 进入2017年全国影响力前100强医院中,北京市属三级医院有8家,其近年来整体科技实力不断提升,但与在京央属医院相比,在国家自然科学基金项目数、高影响因子论著、科研效率等方面还有待进一步提升.结论 需要综合科技投入、科技产出、影响力等多个指标来制定相应的策略与措施,提高科研效率,加大对纵向科研项目特别是国家自然科学基金项目的储备,提高论文质量和专利产出,以期提升市属医院的科技影响力.

Based on databases of Science Citation Index Expanded (1981-present) and Social Sciences Citation Index (2002-present), this paper applies the bibliometric method to analyze the scientific publications of low carbon energy technology investment. By characterizing the basic information of the publications, we found: the historical development process is clearly divided into two stages; the field of low-carbon energy technology investment has entered a stage of rapid development; the strength of developed countries is far greater than that of developing countries; the comprehensive strength of the United States ranks the first in the field, followed by UK and Denmark and only China and Turkey are developing countries among the top 15 countries; the auctorial collaboration degree in this field shows a clear upward trend, but institutional and national collaboration degrees are steady and relatively low. In addition, distributions of geography, journals and subjects, productive authors and institutions, frequently cited articles, etc. are obtained: articles in this area are mainly distributed in the USA, several countries in Europe and China; the most productive journal, author and institution are Energy Policy, Lund H from Denmark and National Technical University of Athens in Greece; Energy Fuel is the most popular subject among all the outcomes; the most frequently cited article is written by Demirbas published in Energy Policy in 2007. According to the frequency analysis of keywords, it reveals that: "renewable energy" is a kind of keyword used most frequently; "carbon capture and storage technology" is an emerging keyword which is increasingly concerned about; scholars pay widespread attention to electricity issues, especially the feed-in tariff; the policy mainly includes energy policy and climate policy; the real option theory is the most widely used theory; the existing uncertainty is summarized as the cost uncertainty and policy uncertainty. In the end, several suggestions for the future research are given. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

目的 探索建立行之有效的医院科技成果的经济效益评估方法体系.方法 向北京市属医院征集重点产业转化类成果,利用“风险修正型现值收益法”模型(risk-adjusted net present value,rNPV)进行估值研究.结果 共征集来自8家市属医院的14项成果,涉及化学药品、中药等5个产品领域,估值结果显示,各成果估值均符合当下技术市场行情相匹配的价值区间要求,因技术成熟度存在差异,其中1项成果偏向价值区间上限,5项偏下限,8项位于中线水平.结论 rNPV模型能够综合考量成果各项风险要素对估值结果的影响力,可以相对准确地对医院科技成果进行估值,具有较强的实践意义.

An optimization model is developed based on the Input–Output model to assess the potential impacts of industrial structure on the energy consumption and CO2 emission. The method is applied to a case study of industrial structure adjustment in Beijing, China. Results demonstrate that industrial structure adjustment has great potential of energy conservation and carbon reduction. When the average annual growth rate of GDP is 8.29% from 2010 to 2020, industrial structure adjustment can save energy by 39.42% (50.06 million tons of standard coal equivalent), and reduce CO2 emission by 46.06% (96.31 million tons) in Beijing in 2020. Second, Beijing had better strive to develop several low energy intensive and low carbon intensive sectors, such as information transmission, computer service and software, and finance. Third, energy intensity is possible to decrease without negatively affecting economic growth by reasonable industrial structure adjustment. Four, compared to “intensity targets”, “total amount targets” are more effective on the energy conservation and carbon reduction, but have much greater negative effects on economic growth. Therefore, it needs to be balanced between “total amount targets” and “intensity targets”.

Discipline development is the core power of hospital development,which is highly emphasized by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals.To meet the demands of public hospitals reform and requirements of municipal hospitals development,performance evaluation is used as a tool for municipal hospitals in their fine management.This paper introduced the research performance evaluation system and index design of Beijing’s municipal hospitals,with a summary and analysis the operating and practices.

This paper calculates the energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of Beijing over 2005–2011 in light of the Beijing’s energy balance table and the carbon emission coefficients of IPCC. Furthermore, based on a series of energy conservation planning program issued in Beijing, the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP)-BJ model is developed to study the energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of Beijing’s six end-use sectors and the energy conversion sector over 2012–2030 under the BAU scenario and POL scenario. Some results are found in this research: (1) During 2005–2011, the energy consumption kept increasing, while the total CO 2 emissions fluctuated obviously in 2008 and 2011. The energy structure and the industrial structure have been optimized to a certain extent. (2) If the policies are completely implemented, the POL scenario is projected to save 21.36 and 35.37 % of the total energy consumption and CO 2 emissions than the BAU scenario during 2012 and 2030. (3) The POL scenario presents a more optimized energy structure compared with the BAU scenario, with the decrease of coal consumption and the increase of natural gas consumption. (4) The commerce and service sector and the energy conversion sector will become the largest contributor to energy consumption and CO 2 emissions, respectively. The transport sector and the industrial sector are the two most potential sectors in energy savings and carbon reduction. In terms of subscenarios, the energy conservation in transport (TEC) is the most effective one. (5) The macroparameters, such as the GDP growth rate and the industrial structure, have great influence on the urban energy consumption and carbon emissions.

China has a large number of rural–urban migrant workers in the “semi-urban” states, and their consumption pattern differs from that of rural residents and urban residents. To ensure that society develops sustainably and stably, it is necessary to be concerned about the issues of migrant workers. Based on the data gathered and processed, this paper focuses on the impacts of the consumption of China’s migrant workers on energy use and CO2 emissions using the input–output method. The results show that: the living conditions, health care and allocation of educational resources have not been effectively ensured for migrant workers. The total CO2 emission per capita of migrant workers is relatively low, at two-thirds of the national average and less than one-third that of urban residents. Marginal energy consumption and marginal carbon emission coefficients of migrant workers are slightly lower than the national average level, at 4.9 tce (tonne of standard coal equivalent) per million yuan and 11.6 t CO2 per million yuan lower than those of urban residents. The sectors of food manufacture, and production and distribution of electricity make the greatest contributions to the total carbon emissions of migrant workers, at up to 36.3 %. The citizenization of migrant workers will lead to an increase of 272 million tons of CO2 emissions of primary energy, and the top ten sectors, led by the sectors of electricity production and distribution, and health, will produce more than 60 % of the total increase in carbon emissions. With the acceleration of urbanization and citizenization, the total carbon emissions embodied in the consumption of migrant workers are likely to rise. Further efforts are required to control and reduce the indirect carbon emission, such as by improving energy price mechanism and optimization of the power structure.

Based on the online version of SCI-E and SSCI databases, this paper employed bibliometrics method to analyse the scientific publications on energy poverty from 1981 to 2013. By analysing the basic characteristics of energy poverty publications, this paper found energy poverty is an interdisciplinary subject, and identified the most productive journals, authors and institutions, the most cited publications and the collaboration relationship among authors, institutions and countries. By frequency analysis of keywords, five hot research topics of energy poverty were summarised. They were fuel access, energy efficiency, physical health, electrification and income poverty. This paper compared the academic research level of the main countries by assessment model, and found that the academic research level on energy poverty of developed countries was much higher than that of developing countries, and England had the total predominance in this field.

Beijing is faced with severe water scarcity due to rapid socio-economic development and population expansion, and a guideline for water regulation has been released to control the volume of national water use. To cope with water shortage and meet regulation goal, it has great significance to study the variations of water demand. In this paper, an agent-based model named HWDP is developed for the prediction of urban household water demand in Beijing. The model involves stochastic behaviors and feedbacks caused by two agent roles which are government agent and household agent. The government agent adopts economic and propagandist means to make household agent optimize its water consumption. Additionally, the consumption is also affected by the basic water demand deduced from extended linear expenditure system. The results indicate that the total water demand of urban households in Beijing will increase to 317.5 million cubic meters by 2020, while the water price keeps growing at a low level. However, it would drop to 294.9 million cubic meters with high growth of water price and low increment in per capita disposable income. Finally, some policy recommendations on water regulation are made.

目的 探讨北京21家市属医院科技成果转化的现状和存在的问题,探索医院科技成果转化和产业化创新举措.方法 通过问卷形式对北京市医院管理局所属21家市属医院的科研工作者进行调查,了解科技成果转化情况 结果 2000年1月1日至2013年12月31日21家市属医院共有科技成果587项,已转化进入市场57项,转化率9.7％;外科、内科等为北京市属医院的成果高产学科;产业转化类成果估计市值大部分集中在100万～500万元;近5年市属医院科研投入人民币5亿元,其中政府投入占76.6％,医院自有经费占20.8％.结论 市属医院科技成果转化主要存在转化资金不足、转化比例小、价值不高,成果产出依赖优势专业等特点,可从增加投入、加强院企合作、培训宣讲、人才培养等方面探索解决问题的措施.

Based on worldwide scholars’ 3,004 papers published in 658 academic journals in the Web of Science database on the topic of climate change vulnerability from 1991 to 2012, this paper quantitatively analyzes the global scientific performance and hot research areas in this field by adopting bibliometric method. The results show that (1) the vulnerability researches on climate change have experienced a rapid growth since 2006, and the publications are widely distributed in a large number of source journals, while the top two productive institutions are the University of East Anglia and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; (2) the cooperation at author level is on the rise, and there are closer relationships in institutional and national levels; (3) the most widely focused research topics in this field include health issues in the socioeconomic system, food security in the field of agricultural system and the issue of water resource management, etc.; (4) according to the papers from the top journals, we find that the research areas for climate change vulnerability in those publications are located in the ecological diversity, ecosystem service, water resource management and electric power supply, etc.

•Biased technical change is considered in the adjusting the input–output tables.•The level of biased technical change is determined by TFP and energy efficiency.•The increase in energy intensity was mostly attributed to the structural change.•The changes in the production technology actually decreased the energy intensity.•The decomposition results are sensitive to the level of biased technical change.

Public hospitals reform is a key roadblock for the ongoing health reform.By means of such experiments as "Three openings and three mechanisms",Beijing is practicing a separation of hospital regulation and management and separation of clinic and pharmacy,while building the mechanism of financial subscription for pricing,that of medical insurance adjustment,and that of hospital corporate governance.These measures aim at building a new management structure,operation mechanism and medical service model focusing on quality of care,efficiency and satisfaction.Separation of clinic and pharmacy has lowered drug proportion,average outpatient expense and out of-pocket payment of patients,as well as producing higher patient satisfaction,quality of care and hospital income.Other benefits include better management efficiency indirectly caused by separation of clinic and pharmacy,higher acceptance of the corporate governance,and service model innovation to better serve the people.

Through referring to the literature review of both Chinese international database,we compare and analyze the differences of operating models of non-government community health services between China and USA,to put forward the enlightenment to Chinese health care system.

目的 比较奥运前、中、后不同时期餐饮单位从业人员对卫生法律法规知识掌握的变化情况.方法 采用自行设计的《餐饮单位从业人员卫生法律法规知识调查》问卷对海淀区餐饮单位从业人员分别于2008年6月(奥运前)、8月(奥运期间)、12(奥运后)进行3次问卷调查,采用多阶段抽样方法,每次调查500名从业人员.结果 奥运期间和奥运后餐饮单位从业人员卫生法律法规知识的得分(分别为22.62±4.60和21.91 ±5.50)高于奥运前(20.91±4.80),三者之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 奥运会的举办,在一定程度上促进了餐饮业从业人员卫生法律法规知识的掌握,奥运会后从业人员对卫生法律法规知识的知晓水平提高.但餐饮单位从业人员对相关卫生法律法规知识的掌握仍有待加强.