Методом соосаждения из водных растворов при различном порядке смешения реагентов синтезированы однофазные порошки твердого раствора KGd1,52Yb0,40Er0,08F7 со средним размером частиц 350 нм. Выявлены и исследованы процессы поверхностного вымывания калия. Определена оптимальная температура термообработки (525оС), позволившая достигнуть величины энергетического выхода ап-конверсионной люминесценции эрбия 1,30±0,02% при возбуждении на длине волны 974 нм с плотностью мощности накачки 1 Вт/см2.

Сплавлением шихты фторида бария с фторидами иттрия и эрбия с использованием фторида натрия в качестве флюса получены оптически прозрачные монокристаллические блоки. Проведена расшифровка кристаллических структур с уточнением составов следующих фаз: Na0.75Ba1.26Er1.99F9.24 (кубическая сингония, пр. гр. Fm–3m, а = 11.4192(4) Å), Na0.25BaY2.75F10.5 (кубическая сингония, пр. гр. Fm–3m, а = 11.4350(19) Å), Na0.05Ba0.9Y1.05F5 (ромбическая сингония, пр. гр. Cmmm а = 5.7205(5), b = 17.2348(11), c = 5.7648 (4) Å).

The paper considers the key factors that are essential to transform agriculture, as well as advanced technological opportunities that Agriculture 4.0 creates in order to increase production efficiency, to ensure an equitable distribution of added value in the supply chain, and to optimize supplies. The purpose of this study is to systematize the basic provisions of the Agriculture 4.0 concept, as this strategy aims to develop the industry in accordance with the new technological paradigm and to develop scientific and methodological recommendations that complement the technological peculiarities of the Agriculture 4.0 concept with financial and infrastructural elements. The given research is based on a monographic method, which allows systematizing and analyzing a wide range of scientific developments within the concepts of Industry 4.0 and Agriculture 4.0, inclusive and extractive innovations. Using heuristic tools, statistical and economic and abstract-logical methods has made it possible to do the following: to investigate the factors that influence the prospects of the shift to Agriculture 4.0 standards; to analyze the current state of the innovation infrastructure and mechanisms of the inclusive approach in the transfer of innovations; to develop a feasible model to finance the innovation process. The conducted research has shown that the shift to Agriculture 4.0 is related to particular challenges of financial and physical access of agricultural producers to high-tech equipment, tools of the digital economy, and knowledge. Therefore, the agricultural sector cannot be considered separately from the general innovation model, which, except for consumers of innovative developments, involves the government, which is the provider of innovations, systems of the financial support, and the promoter of results of innovative activities. The necessity of the transition from the extractive model of the innovation system to the inclusive one has been justified. It has been proved that the system of the government support for agricultural manufacturers in the Russian Federation does not meet the needs of rapid technological development of domestic agriculture, since the amount and the structure of costs are poorly correlated with the development of the innovative industry infrastructure, and the major share of direct subsidies is accumulated by large companies. The authors describe alternative schemes of the transfer of innovations that comply with the inclusion criteria and make the innovative developments more accessible for financially vulnerable business entities. The paper presents the matrix of the promising sources of investment financing in accordance with the enlarged stages of innovative product development. In addition, the authors provide recommendations for enhancing the state involvement in the development of innovation infrastructure. Thus, the conducted research has shown that the concept Agriculture 4.0 needs to be supplemented with financial, investment and infrastructural components, which can create new areas for further research.

Geometrical parameters of the “wheelset—rail track” system are mutually related. Currently, a very topical issue is the question of a possible adjustment of the regulatory framework in the “wheelset—rail track” system in order to take into account the actual state of the track, turnouts and wheel park on the railway network.Any changes made in order to reduce the maintenance of wheelsets or tracks are possible only when the safety of train traffic is unconditionally ensured.The most difficult problem in determining the possibility of changing the standard for the minimum thickness of the flange of car wheels is the problem of passing the turnouts. In the event of an incorrect setting of the standard for the minimum thickness of the flange of the wheels, the passage of carriage along the turnout can be accompanied by unfavorable and even dangerous phenomena. The most dangerous of these are wheel strikes against retracted point rail, ramps on the crosspiece at large angles, and strikes against counter rails. These phenomena cause both disruptions in the geometry of the rail track of the turnout switches and crosses, and fractures of the elements of the turnouts. They should be excluded.Calculations and modeling based on the results of the study of statistical distributions of dimensions obtained by mass measurements on the railway network are the basis for the assignment of norms and tolerances in the “wheelset—rail track” system. The results obtained in the calculations should be verified by dynamic-strength tests directly on the track.The article discusses the results of dynamic and strength tests to determine the effect of cars with different geometric parameters of wheelsets on turnouts with pre-formed average network and maximum permissible dimensions of the rail track parameters on the turnout and in the cross node. The minimum thickness of the wheel flange in the tests was 21.5 mm. The carriages of the test train during the test trips were loaded to the maximum permissible size and in an empty state. The tests were carried out at the Test Center of the JSC “VNIIZhT”.

The work deals with the synthesis and luminescent properties of calcium fluoride doped with ytterbium (5 mol.%) and erbium (1 mol.%). For synthesis technique was used co-precipitation from aqueous solutions, which comprises reacting aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate and rare-earth elements (0.2 M) with aqueous solutions of various fluorinating agents: HF (5 vol.%) or NH4F (0.62 M) with varying methods of mixing solutions. Dropping the solution of calcium nitrate and rare earths elements into reactor with fluorinating agent named direct synthesis, dropping the fluorinating agent solution into the reactor with nitrate solutions named reverse synthesis, simultaneous dropping fluorinating agent with solutions of nitrates in water (joint synthesis). Centrifuge (8000 rpm, 5 min) and aging in during time (about 1 month) was used for separation of the precipitate from the mother solution. The resulting precipitate was washed and dried in air at 45 and 600 °C. SEM data size of the precursor particles correlate with largest coherent scattering region — 26 nm. The study determined that when using a reverse procedure the values of the energy yield is higher than the direct method of mixing. When using joint methods of synthesis and centrifugation energy yield is the highest, reaching 2.62 and 3.11 % with NH4F and HF, respectively. In summary it can be noted that in order to achieve high energy yield should be used joint mixing procedure with centrifugation.

This paper is devoted to modifications of a two-step algorithm for reducing a matrix to tridiagonal form. At the first stage the matrix is reduced to a symmetric band matrix. A successive band reduction is then used to reduce the symmetric band matrix to tridiagonal form. Both stages apply two-sided orthogonal transformations to the matrix based on Householder reflectors. The under-lying idea for our modifications is to use speculative computations of components of the Householder transformations. Performance comparisons between the Intel (R). Math Kernel Library (Intel (R). MKL), PLASMA tridiagonal reduction, and our implementation are provided.

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz. Br NQR Spectra of the Impurity Molecules of Tetrabromides of Group IV Elements in the Matrix Crystals of Group IV Element Halides *

In the article is given the hydrobiological and hydrochemical characteristics of the reservoirs of the northeast of the Bryansk province.