滹沱河湿地是山西省重要的湿地资源，对生物多样性的保护有至关重要的作用.有壳变形虫是一类生活在淡水生态系统中的原生动物，对环境变化响应敏感，是良好的环境生物指示剂.本研究主要对山西滹沱河流域6个湿地52个不同生境的沉积样品进行有壳变形虫物种组成及多样性分析，通过对有壳变形虫和环境因子数据进行排序分析探讨影响有壳变形虫群落分布的关键环境因子.结果显示：滹沱河湿地共记录有壳变形虫20种，其中斜口三足虫（Trinema enchelys）、顶足法帽虫（Phryganella acropodia）和线条三足虫（Trinema lineare）为优势种，相对丰度分别为23.4%、17.38%、13.48%.沉积物粒度和有机质含量对有壳变形虫的物种组成及多样性有显著影响，砂粒含量越低、有机质含量越高，有壳变形虫的丰富度和多样性就越高.CCA排序结果表明硝态氮和COD是影响有壳变形虫种类组成和分布的关键环境因子，解释量分别为19.6%和17.3%，而pH的解释量最小，为8.6%.本研究结果为山西湿地有壳变形虫的现代生态学研究提供借鉴，为湿地多样性保护、管理和修复提供理论支撑.

基于脉冲微分方程理论,由于喷洒农药会对天敌产生影响,考虑两类不同的脉冲过程,建立了具有比率功能性反应的一类食饵与一类捕食者系统.利用比较定理得到此系统的有界性和持久性,即定理3.1和定理3.2.最后对其结论进行了阐释,并给出了相应的生物学意义.这项工作,为现实环境中的害虫治理,提供了可靠的技术支撑.且定理3.2的方法有很广的适用性,用类似的方法可以将比率功能反应推广到其他具体的特定功能性反应.此系统可适用于农田害虫,鼠害的防治工作;还适用于保护濒临灭绝的生物,使捕食者与被捕食者共同生存,从而保持生态平衡.

老师傅海湿地是山西省现存的高山湖泊之一,了解其植物物种组成、多样性及其与环境因子的关系是深入研究湿地群落的基础和前提.本研究以老师傅海湿地28块1 m×1 m的样地数据为依据,分析了该地区植被的物种组成.运用聚类分析、排序分析及多样性指数,探讨该湿地群丛的分类、特征、物种多样性以及植物群落与环境的生态关系.结果 表明:老师傅海植物群落可划分为菜茎蓼+荸荠群丛、杉叶藻+荇菜群丛、杉叶藻+水蓼群丛、杉叶藻+水葱群丛和水蓼+荇菜群丛5个群丛,其中菜茎蓼+荸荠群丛的Simpson多样性指数最高,均匀度指数最低,而水蓼+荇菜群丛与之相反.DCA排序结果与聚类结果吻合且第一轴解释量最大(53.29％),反映出群丛水位由低到高的变化趋势.PCA排序结果显示,化学需氧量和水位是影响植物群落分布的关键环境因子.研究结果可为老师傅海天然湿地生态系统的保护和修复提供科学依据.

基于树木实测数据,转化为迭代函数系统的IFS码,用Matlab软件分别实现合轴分枝树木和单轴分枝树木三维静动态可视化模拟系统,用于城市和园林等的规划与设计.以槐树和松树分别作为合轴分枝树木和单轴分枝树木的代表,提取树高、分枝数、分枝仰角、方位角、枝长等重要信息进行数据统计分析;将父枝(一级枝)和子枝(二级枝)的枝长粗细比、方位角、仰角等参数进行分析推导,得到迭代函数系统的IFS码,并计算出每个仿射变换相应的概率;最后再用Matlab软件进行编程,对其形态进行三维可视化静动态模拟.试验过程中,通过调整并改变树木的IFS码及相应的概率,可以对树木进行旋转、平移和缩放变换,并且呈现树木的多种形态(枯萎、修剪等).研究的函数迭代系统方法在虚拟自然景观(山川、植物、云等)方面具有很广的应用,并且程序简单,仅通过对应的IFS码和对应的概率,即可在三维空间中再现不同自然景观的静动态.

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂是导致脑卒中的重要原因之一,大量研究证实颈动脉斑决内新生血管是导致斑块内出血、斑块破裂的重要因素.炎症因子及各类细胞通过斑块内新生血管进入斑块,导致斑块稳定性破坏,但影响斑块内新生血管形成的重要相关因子和主要机制目前尚未完全明确,因此识别斑块内新生血管、探索斑块内新生血管形成的相关因子及机制是研究斑块内新生血管致斑块不稳定性的关键.抑制斑块内新生血管生成,可能成为防治颈动脉斑块破裂、降低脑栓塞事件发生的新策略.本综述旨在探讨颈动脉斑块内新生血管形成的相关因子、机制以及检测成像的最新研究进展,为动脉粥样硬化的诊疗提供支持.

Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) through weighted gene co-expression network analysis.Methods:The transcriptome sequencing data of GSE47472 and GSE57691 were combined. Differential expression genes (DEGs) were obtained by differential gene expression analysis, and hub genes were obtained by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The intersection of the two genes was conducted to obtain hub DEGs, and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed. Subsequently, a mouse model of AAA and a sham surgery group were established to verify hub DEGs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test data for normality, independent-sample student′s t test for significance of gene differential expression. Results:745 DEGs were screened out, and 16 gene co-expression modules were established. Hub module includes 119 genes.60 hub DEGs were obtained after intersection. Functional enrichment analysis of hub DEGs showed low expression of genes related to smooth muscle proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion function. The adhesion related genes were N-cadherin 2 (CDH2), N-cadherin 13 (CDH13), FERM domain containing kindlin 2 (FERMT2), Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), and laminin subunit α5 (LAMA5), and the significance of their expression differences was verified by qPCR. The relative expression times were FERMT2=0.31 ( t=2.454, P<0.05), ROCK1=0.22 ( t=3.686, P<0.05), LAMA5=0.45 ( t=3.168, P<0.05), CDH13=1.36 ( t=0.103, P>0.05), CDH2=1.71 ( t=0.702, P>0.05). Conclusion:Low expression of FERMT2, ROCK1 and LAMA5 were involved in the formation of AAA by mediating the focal adhesion between vascular smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix.

回顾性分析山西医科大学第二医院血管外科收治的合并对侧狭窄的30例颈动脉狭窄患者及合并对侧闭塞的24例颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料。行颈动脉支架植入30例，颈动脉内膜剥脱24例。所有手术均成功施行。对侧闭塞组1例患者因消化道出血1个月后死亡。术中短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）对侧闭塞组9例，对侧狭窄组1例（ P=0.03）。6例对侧闭塞患者出现术后并发症，包括术后TIA、脑卒中、心肌梗死、低血压、颈动脉再狭窄和高灌注综合征。笔者认为合并对侧闭塞的颈动脉狭窄患者由于侧支循环代偿较差和血流动力学不稳定，其并发症发生率较高。围手术期应严格监测患者状态，术后应进行定期随访。

Objective:To investigate the effect of competitive inhibition of β-catenin/T-cell factor and β-catenin/forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signal downstream of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 on angiogenesis and plaque stability in carotid plaque.Methods:Plaque tissues of patients with carotid stenosis after CEA were collected ( n=21). Vulnerable and stable plaques were identified by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the expression sites and levels of CD31 and VE-Cadherin in each tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Model of carotid stenosis was established in ApoE -/-mice. Follwoing groups were set up ( n=12/group). Group T was given TGF-β 1 (50 μg/kg) + normal saline (5 mg/kg). Group TI was given TGF-β 1 (50 μg/kg) + ICG-001 (5 mg/kg). Group I was given normal saline (50 μg/kg) + ICG-001 (5 mg/kg). Group N was given normal saline (5.05 mg/kg). All groups were treated by their own treatment for 2 weeks, then the carotid tissues were taken.After HE staining, vulnerable and stable plaques were divided according to the pathological characteristics. The expression sites and levels of CD31 and VE-Cadherin in each tissue were detected by IHC. All data were analyzed by Imageplus 6.0 and SPSS 25.0 statistical software. Results:The vulnerable rate in groups T and TI was 60.00% and 33.33% respectively, which was lower than in group N (72.73%). The expression of VE-Cadherin in groups T and N was 0.156±0.007 and 0.191±0.005 respectively, which was statistically significant ( F=1.615, P<0.05). The expression of VE-Cadherin in group T was significantly higher than that in group TI (0.133±0.010, F=0.068, P<0.05). The expression of CD31 in groups TI and T was 0.119±0.004 and 0.136±0.010 respectively, which was statistically significant ( F=3.451, P<0.05). The expression of CD31 and VE-Cadherin in stable plaque was low, and that in group TI was lower than in the rest groups. Conclusion:Specific blocking β-catenin/TCF downstream of TGF-β can inversely enhance the inhibitory effect of β-catenin/FOXO1 on carotid atherosclerosis intraplaque angiogenesis, thereby having a positive impact on stabilizing plaque.

Objective:To observe the effect of macrophage polarization regulated by exogenous transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on the stability of carotid plaque in ApoE -/-mice. Methods:Twenty ApoE -/-mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: saline group ( n = 10) and TGF-β1 intervention group ( n = 10). After 6 weeks of high-fat feeding, the right common carotid artery was separated and ligated in series to construct the model of vulnerable carotid plaque. After 5 weeks of high fat feeding, mice in the two groups were given normal saline and TGF-β1 intraperitoneal injection, 50 μg/kg respectively, once a day for 2 weeks. The body weight of mice in both groups was measured before and after the experiment. Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the blood were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 2 weeks. The right common carotid artery was taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe the pathological morphology of plaque. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and mannitol receptor (CD206) in macrophages in carotid plaques were detected by immunohistochemistry. The MI and M2-type macrophages in the plaques were labeled by immunofluorescence staining. The SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to analyze the measurement data. Results:After the experiment, the body weight of mice in normal saline group [(29.720±1.946) g] and TGF-β1 intervention group [(30.890±1.265) g] showed no significant difference between the two groups ( t=1.671, P>0.05). The content of serum TC in saline group and TGF-β1 intervention group was (27.420±6.704) and (24.260±1.468) respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=1.126, P>0.05). The content of serum LDL in saline group and TGF-β1 intervention group was (2.560±0.227) and (2.660±0.367) respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.552, P>0.05). The content of serum IL-10 in saline group and TGF-β1 intervention group was (11.230±2.744) and (27.980±18.330) respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.564, P<0.05). The percentage of plaque area to lumen area in the normal saline group was (81.280±17.780)%, and that in the TGF-β1 intervention group was (50.160±26.170)%, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.828, P<0.05). The number of M1-type cells in the normal saline group was (46.390±15.010) cells and that in the TGF-β1 intervention group was (28.330±9.041) cells, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.460, P<0.05). The number of M2-type macrophages in the normal saline group [(11.060±1.913) cells] and the TGF-β1 intervention group [(27.730±11.860) cells] showed significant difference between the two groups ( t=3.112, P< 0.05). TNF-α absorbance was (39.360±20.470) in the normal saline group, and (18.570±3.227) in the TGF-β1 intervention group and there was significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.456, P<0.05). CD206 absorbance was (5.060±2.621) in the normal saline group, and (10.900±4.594) in the TGF-β1 intervention group and there was significant difference between the two groups ( t=2.506, P<0.05). Conclusion:Exogenous TGF-β1 promotes the polarization to M2, which plays a positive role in stabilizing vulnerable carotid plaques and delaying atherosclerosis.

在计算机新技术的冲击下,传统的图书管理方式会被逐渐淘汰,新型的图书管理应该结合"互联网+"的思想使管理趋向简单、安全、高效.该文主要以图书管理系统为研究对象,通过需求分析、概要设计和数据库设计等,详细描述了基于JavaEE的图书管理系统的实现过程,并在此实现过程中对容易出现的问题提供了解决方案.

为了更好地发挥森林效益,提高森林的管理效果,需要虚拟不同树木生长过程的形态,建立相应的可视化系统,从而寻找树木生长规律,用来指导实践.本文首先介绍了虚拟单棵树木的两种分形方法:L系统和迭代函数系统.在此基础上对其进行改进,考虑到气候、温度、阳光和风向等因素对树木生长形态的影响,在生成规则和仿射变换、树木初始角度、树木主干与枝干的夹角、树枝的粗细和长度等五个方面分别引入随机因子,用Matlab软件进行编程,实现了枫树不同形态的绘制.此方法可以推广到虚拟不同植物的形态等,在虚拟农业研究、虚拟场景、景观设计、动画制作等方面有广泛的应用.

本文利用风险决策的理论和方法,对“直播平台用户爆奖”问题建立非线性规划数学模型.当模型中目标函数最大时,利用Matlab软件获得第i个虚拟礼物的爆奖概率aim和相应的爆奖奖品的价值Zim·并且对模型进行分析,做出评价,进行改进.优化后的模型既能增加粉丝用户的吸引力,又能便于直播平台后台管理,达到提升直播平台效益的目的.

临床缺血性脑卒中发病因素中，颈动脉粥样斑块占约25%。关于颈动脉粥样斑块引起缺血性脑卒中的机制多集中于斑块破裂方面，目前研究结论尚不充足，本研究就颈动脉粥样斑块破裂主要机制——炎症反应进一步研究讨论。本研究在ApoE -/-小鼠颈动脉粥样斑块模型构建成功的基础上给予重组人转化生长因子-β1干预，其可充分诱导小鼠脾脏组织中的调节性T细胞分化，抑制全身及局部粥样斑块中的炎症反应，促进抗炎因子分泌以及抑制斑块中促进斑块破裂的蛋白分泌，对斑块的稳定性具有积极作用。

With the wide application of endovascular interventional diagnosis and treatment,the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)increases sharply,which increases the long-term and short-term mortality and prolongs the duration of hospitalization.Research focusing on the pathogenesis research,prevention and treatment of CI-AKI were closely concerned by clinicians,and relative basic research was totally based on animal model establishment.In this review,the establishment methods and basic mechanism of prevalent and mature animal models of CI-AKI were summarized,in order to provide reference for the basic pathogenesis,drug screening and effectiveness evaluation of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

基于害虫综合治理策略,建立了具有Monod-Haldance功能性反应的不同固定时刻分别投放染病害虫、天敌和喷洒化学农药的传染病模型.通过脉冲微分方程的小振动技巧、Floquet定理和比较定理,得到传染病模型中易感害虫灭绝周期解渐近稳定(局部和全局)的条件.并且利用Matlab软件通过调节相应的参数进行验证,得到模型的正确性.同时接下来可以继续深入研究的方向和课题.此模型的适用性很强,在农林业中可以用来指导实践.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-4 (ADAMTS4) in human carotid atherosclerotic (AS) plaques.Methods Plaque tissues (n =46) were collected after carotid endarterectomy and divided into stable plaque group and unstable plaque group according to the histopathological features by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expression of ADAMTS4 and TGF-β1 in plaques,respectively.Umbilical arteries were served as the control group (n =10) and statistics analysis were conducted as needed.Results IHC results showed that both of ADAMTS4 and TGF-β1 were expressed in all plaques;RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of ADAMTS4 mRNA was significantly higher in unstable plaque group (4.43 ± 2.02) compared to the stable plaque group (3.16 ± 1.57) and the controls (1.02 ± 0.22,F =17.545,P ＜0.05);TGF-β31 mRNA in stable plaque group (4.68 ± 1.42) was also higher than that in the unstable plaques (3.57 ± 1.76) and the controls (1.14 ±0.31),and the difference was statistically significant between groups (F =24.676,P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there existed a positive correlation between indexes (r =0.439,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ADAMTS4 and TGF-β1 were increased together during the process of AS and plaque evolution,which may be related to dose or cell type dependence.

Objective The femoral artery of C57BL/6 ApoE-/-mice was ligated to make the model of hind-limb artery stenosis.Angiography was used to evaluate the stenosis rate of hind-limb artery in mice.Methods The ligated femoral arteries were divided into the experimental group and the contralateral femoral arteries were the control group.We exposed the right femoral artery in the operative field using blunt dissection technique,parallel placed the metal wire with femoral artery,used thread to bound the femoral artery and the metal wire,drawn out the metal wire after ligation,and then sutured the skin wound.The contralateral was dealt with the same method but not ligated.Mter 4 weeks of high fat diet,the mice were killed to expose their hearts,and the contrast medium was pushed from the left ventricle,then put into the X-ray imaging system of small animals for angiography.The bilateral femoral arteries were taken from the mice after angiography.Results There were 13 plaques in the experimental group and 4 in the control group.The angiography results showed that the femoral artery stenosis rate of 16-week-old C57BL/6 ApoE-/-mice model was measured to be (48.43 ± 25.13)％,the theoretical stenosis rate was (45.63 ±9.96)％,F =7.956,P ＞0.05.The diameter of femoral artery was (0.97 ±0.11) mm.Conclusion The method of femoral artery ligation is a reliable method to the establishment of the model of hind-limb artery stenosis in C57BL/6 ApoE-/-mice and angiography is one of the methods to evaluate the rate of stenosis.

针对环境问题日益严峻,考虑到种群密度制约项的影响,建立了环境污染中脉冲输入污染物,且具有Holling Ⅱ型的两种群捕食与被捕食系统的动力学模型.利用脉冲微分方程的积分均值法和比较定理,得到系统弱平均持续生存和种群灭绝的充分条件.理论可用来保护物种,尤其是濒临灭绝的物种,防止灭绝.

Objective To evaluate 3.0T high resolution magnetic resonance (HRMRI) scanner for determining the carotid plaque vulnerability.Method Fifteen inpatients with carotid plaque stenosis were enrolled.The stenosis rate confirmed by Doppler ultrasound was 50％-99％ (excluding those with 100％ occlusion of the carotid artery).Head and neck coil 24 (HNC 24) was used for extracranial carotid artery plaque scan.Results There was no statistically significant difference between pathology and 3.0T HRMRI in the detemination of carotid plaque composition (P =0.546)and carotid artery stenosis rate (P =0.289).HRMRI showed good consistency with pathology in detecting intraplaque hemorrhage (Kappa =0.816) and lipid necrosis core (Kappa =0.771),and normal consistency with pathology in detecting calcification (Kappa =0.674).The highest sensitivity (87.23％) and the highest specificity (97.77％) of intraplaque hemorrhage were detected for the core of lipid necrosis.Conclusion The 3.0T high resolution magnetic resonance detailed analysis of extracranial carotid plaque composition,morphology,luminal stenosis,plaque lumen and wall area data for assessment.

Objective To explore the relationship between the level of plasma ADAMTS4 and the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with carotid artery stenosis and the clinical value of evaluating the vulnerability of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods 60 patients with carotid artery stenosis were divided into stable plaque group and vulnerable plaque group according to the histopathological typing after carotid endarterectomy (CEA).30 patients who had atherosclerosis but no carotid plaque formation served as control.Using ELISA to measure the level of plasma ADAMTS4.Results The level of plasma ADAMTS4 was significantly higher in the vulnerable-plaque group (112.74 ± 17.47) ng/ml compared with the stable plaque group (56.67 ± 22.14)ng/ml and the control group (56.67 ± 22.14)ng/ ml,P ＜ 0.001.Logistic analysis showed that high level of plasma ADAMTS4 was risk factor for vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (P ＜ 0.05,OR =8.240,95 ％ CI:1.512-22.915).ROC curve showed that ADAMTS4 =100.935 ng/ml could accurately predict significant vulnerability with accuracy of 94.3％.Conclusion ADAMTS4 is an effective,sensitive and non-invasive biomarker to evaluate the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.