In the review the current state of nutrition for patients with cancers is given. The role of nutrition in cancer etiology and prevention of cancers are discussed. Main principles of diet constriction in cancers are expounded.

The data on monoclonal antibody monotherapy (mabtera, rituximab) in 44 patients with B-cell low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were assessed. Thirty-four of them had received several courses of second- or third line chemotherapy: mabtera was used as first-line therapy in 10. Mabtera was administered in a dose of 375 mg/m2 body surface, once a week, by slow intravenous infusion, 4-14 times depending on effect. Each relapsing patient received, on the average, 4 infusions, while each refractory one--8 weekly infusions. Overall response in the first group was 44%. Median overall relapse-free survival was 9 months. Apparenti effect of treatment was reported in 50% of primary patients (median overall relapse-free survival--15 months). Therapy was well tolerated. Fever and shivering stage I and II were among the most frequent post-infusion effects. High level of CD-20+B-lymphocytes should be used as prognostic indicator for effectiveness of therapy.

В настоящее исследование за период с 2000 по 2002 г. включено 20 больных: 13 (65%) женщин и 7 (35%) мужчин; из них 17 (85%) пациентов с крупноклеточной В-клеточной лимфомой, 1 больная с беркиттоподобной лимфомой, 2 больных с фолликулярной лимфомой 1-П цитологической степени. Сочетание мабтеры с антрациклиносодержащими комбинациями химиопрепаратов оказалось высокоэффективным и малотоксичным режимом первой линии лечения больных с прогностически неблагоприятными вариантами В-клеточных неходжкинских лимфом. Полученные данные диктуют необходимость дальнейшего изучения эффективности комбинаций R-CHOP и R-CIOP в однородных группах пациентов.

The paper presents the results of a complex investigation of patients with locally-advanced breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation at initial stage. The clinical and pathomorphological effects, nature of neoadjuvant therapy and number of courses were followed up for 5- and 10-year periods. A direct correlation was found between number of courses for chemotherapy-sensitive patients, on the one hand, and greater effect, more intensive medicinal pathomorphism and longer recurrence-free survival, particularly, at later stages, on the other.

A correlation was established between the end-results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally-advanced breast cancer and pathological response of tumor cells. Also, the end-results correlated with CR or PR and pathological response. Only a small proportion of patients with tumor progression were registered as stage III or IV of pathological response (0.6 and 0.8%, respectively).

A relationship between the dynamics of growth and pathological response of tumor cells and the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy courses was established. As a result, there was no correlation between increase in overall and disease-free survival, on the one hand, and stage, on the other. An interval between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery longer than 4 weeks had a negative effect on overall tumor response and duration of disease-free period.

336 patients with locally-advanced breast cancer underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Increase in T- and N-indices (change of stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy) proved an important prognostic factor. Survival rates correlated with clinical effect and dropped as it diminished. This tendency was clear in both groups. There was no relationship between stage and overall and disease-free survival rates at early stages but later they declined as T- and N-indices decreased.

Thirty seven patients received different modalities of chemotherapy for breast cancer disseminated to the liver. Apparent effect was registered in 9 (24.3%) patients (full effect--3 (8.1%), stabilization--23 (62.1%) and tumor progression--5 (13.5%). The ECE modality proved the most effective. Treatment efficacy was relatively higher in cases of breast tumor removal. The study established a correlation between effectiveness of therapy and size and number of metastatic nodes.

A procedure for obtaining microcirculation coefficient is described. It is based on the phenomenon of formation of a focus of radionuclide hyperfixation on scintigrams of tumor area due to embolization of its arterioles and precapillaries with radionuclide. The method was used in 26 breast cancer patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A direct correlation between the microcirculation coefficient and degree of tumor-induced pathomorphosis of tumor cells was established. The coefficient values proved more or less predictive of tumor response to chemotherapy.