Extracellular polymeric substances, crucial bacterial stress-defense matrices, exhibit exceptional heavy metal adsorption owing to their abundant functional groups. However, current application strategies typically treat EPS as isolated functional components, neglecting the biological synergy of their interactions. Conventional immobilization methods often rely on exogenous matrix materials for carrier fabrication, similarly, overlooking these interactions. Here, a novel immobilization strategy was developed wherein Pseudomonas sp. T1 was in situ immobilized within a three-dimensional network formed by cross-linking of naturally occurring EPS. The EPS-based carrier attenuated environmental stresses on immobilized bacteria and its abundant functional groups facilitated hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] reduction through enhanced electron transfer, thereby creating a favorable microenvironment for bioremediation. Compared with the conventional natural polymer control, the in situ immobilization carrier exhibited enhanced Cr(VI) reduction efficacy (achieving complete bioremediation at 200 mg/L Cr(VI), increased surface area, improved mass transfer efficiency, and greater thermal stability (maximum weight loss temperature increased by 20 °C). Additionally, in situ immobilization enhanced the stability of Cr(VI) bioremediation by Pseudomonas sp. T1. Under co-stress conditions of 300 mg/L Cr(VI) and 100 RPM shear force, the immobilized system achieved 71.2% bioremediation efficiency, representing a 113.3% increase over the free-cell system. When co-exposed to 40 mg/L Cd(II), the immobilized bacteria exhibited greater tolerance, with only a 1.1% inhibition compared with 41.4% in free cells. Overall, relative to conventional natural polymer-based encapsulation approaches, this self-sustaining in situ immobilization strategy streamlined the bioprocess workflow and demonstrated superior resilience to multiple environmental stressors, providing new insights into bacterial immobilization and Cr(VI) bioremediation.

In 3D-printed concrete, suppressing brittle failure and regulating damage evolution are key to enhancing structural performance. Incorporating steel fibres is an effective means of improving strength and toughness; however, in practical engineering environments, the uniform distribution pattern of steel fibres struggles to adequately accommodate complex stress fields. Therefore, this study employs a gradient distribution of steel fibres to actively create a asymmetric stress field, investigating the impact of this asymmetric gradient distribution on material mechanical properties and damage evolution under a classical symmetric splitting load pattern. Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation techniques (DIC) were employed to synchronously monitor the entire damage evolution and crack propagation process across the plain mortar group, uniform group, and three gradient groups (fibre ratios of 0.5:0.3:0.2, 0.6:0.3:0.1, and 0.7:0.2:0.1). Results indicate that gradient 1 group (0.5:0.3:0.2) exhibits optimal comprehensive performance due to its smoother gradient transition, achieving 9.7% and 97.4% increases in peak load and peak displacement respectively compared to the uniform group. Analysis of AE parameters (b-value, Ib-value, RA-AF value, signal intensity, etc.) indicates that a rational gradient design (gradient 1 group) delays and reduces damage accumulation, suppresses crack propagation, and maintains a predominantly tensile crack failure mode. DIC full-field strain monitoring further confirmed that this gradient distribution pattern guides crack pathways while restricting propagation. The gradual gradient transition harmonises interlaminar stress transfer with energy dissipation processes, generating asymmetric damage evolution paths within the symmetrically loaded system and achieving asymmetric structural enhancement. This research establishes the theoretical foundation for designing functionally graded 3D-printed concrete and provides technical support for its implementation.

Sanshool is a promising skin photoprotective agent with strong UV absorption and great antioxidative activity. However, it faces challenges including poor stability, skin penetration-associated systemic toxicity, and efficacy loss upon chemical modification. To address these issues, amphiphilic hyaluronic acids (HHA) were synthesized and self-assembled to integrate with sanshool via hydrophobic interactions, significantly boosting its photostability by 24

As demands on miniature/micro-metal-products increase significantly, micro-metal-forming becomes an attractive option in the manufacturing of these products due to its advantageous characteristics for mass production. Forming is a particularly appropriate manufacturing technique for micro-parts, as often they have a complicated shape and machining would be time-consuming and produce low yield. To address this issue, a novel micro-forming technology, named as micro-fields-activated sintering technology (Micro-FAST, combining micro-forming and FAST), was introduced for the forming of micro-components. In Micro-FAST, loose powders were pressed and sintered to form micro-parts with coupled multifields activation, i.e., electrical field, stress field, and temperature field, with a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation machine. The experimental results show that Micro-FAST is an efficient process, having lower energy consumption and little impact on the environment as a result of directly forming the component from loose powders.

The degeneration of the human lumbar functional spinal units (FSUs) system is a global health concern. The FSUs system consists of four interdependent subsystems, each with an intervertebral disc and a facet joint that are subject to degeneration over time. The FSUs system fails when the overall disc height reduction or any facet joint contact force reaches the corresponding threshold. Existing research mainly uses regression-based models to describe the relationship between age and intervertebral disc height in the general population. A specific patient's time-related progression of the FSUs system's degeneration indicators are yet to be quantitatively characterized by the prediction models. We develop a stochastic model for the FSUs system degeneration process. The model captures the uncertainties of subsystems' and components' degeneration initiation time, order and interdependencies. Two failure mechanisms are proposed based on biomechanics and the components' spatial and mechanical interdependencies. To facilitate the model's clinical applications, individual-specific characteristics are incorporated into the extended models. Reliability metrics such as the overall reliability functions, mean time to failure and mean residual life are proposed for practical application purposes. Actual time-series data are collected for model validation. The results show that the proposed model outperforms existing stochastic and biostatistical models.

ABSTRACT Background Delayed postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (DPSEH) is a rare but serious complication of cervical open‐door laminoplasty, which occurs more than 3 days after the procedure. Although multi‐level surgery, coagulopathy, and hypertension are known risk factors, suture‐related mechanisms have rarely been identified as the main cause. Case Presentation We present two cases of symptomatic DPSEH occurring on the seventh postoperative day following posterior cervical open‐door laminoplasty. Following initial recovery, both patients experienced acute neurological deterioration. An emergency MRI revealed hematomas within the paraspinal muscles compressing the spinal cord. Intraoperative exploration identified a huge hematoma within the posterior cervical muscles and active bleeding from muscle tissue, with no injury to the epidural venous plexus. Interestingly, absorbable barbed sutures were used for muscular and fascial closure in both procedures. The patients exhibited significant neurological recovery following emergency hematoma evacuation. Conclusion These cases suggest that suture‐related complications, specifically knot loosening, suture migration, or barb‐induced tissue cutting, may contribute to intramuscular bleeding and subsequent DPSEH. However, given the limited evidence from a two‐case report, this association should be interpreted as a clinical alert rather than definitive proof of causality. Surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion for DPSEH in patients who experience sudden postoperative pain or neurological decline. They should also consider suture choice as a potentially modifiable risk factor.

Piezoelectric materials are the cornerstone of modern electromechanical energy conversion, critical for advancing technologies ranging from sensors to precision actuators. While their performance is intrinsically linked to the piezoelectric coefficient, which dictates energy conversion efficiency and device sensitivity, optimizing this property remains a challenge due to the profound influence of diverse microscopic structures. This review comprehensively examines three fundamental crystalline architectures, namely perovskite, wurtzite, and fluorite, and critically analyzes performance optimization strategies tailored to each structure. We delve into five principal modification approaches, including defect engineering, elemental doping, heterostructure films fabrication, composite films design, and buffer layer incorporation, with a focus on elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms that govern property enhancements. By providing a cross-structural comparison of these strategies, this review establishes clear structure property relationships, offering a foundational guide for material selection and design. Furthermore, we highlight the implications of these advanced materials for next-generation applications in energy harvesting and smart devices. Finally, the review concludes with a forward-looking roadmap, outlining emerging research directions and addressing key technical challenges to guide the development of next-generation high-performance piezoelectric materials.

INTRODUCTION:This study aims to evaluate the predictability of derotation in incisors, canines, and premolars, as well as to determine overtreatment ratios associated with derotation using clear aligners. METHODS:This study included 461 rotated teeth from 44 patients undergoing Invisalign® (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA) clear aligner treatment. The sample was divided into maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars. The occlusal and mid-sagittal planes were constructed, and derotation angles and efficiencies were measured using intraoral scans imported into Geomagic Control X (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA, 2022). Age, sex, skeletal patterns, derotation direction, anterior spacing, premolar extraction, attachment types, and direction of intermaxillary elastics traction were recorded and analyzed for their correlation with derotation discrepancies. Calibrated predictability values were reevaluated, and the corresponding overtreatment design ratios were determined. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in derotation effectiveness across tooth types (P > 0.05). The discrepancy between the predicted and achieved derotation values was significantly correlated with the designed derotation values for maxillary teeth and mandibular incisors (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, sex, skeletal patterns, derotation direction, anterior spacing, premolar extraction, attachment types, and direction of intermaxillary elastics traction differentially influenced derotation movements. The suggested overtreatment ratios for maxillary incisors, mandibular incisors, maxillary canines, and maxillary premolars are 27%, 30%, 35%, and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Derotation predictability is primarily influenced by factors such as the magnitude of derotation, available space, derotation direction, intermaxillary elastics traction direction, and the mesiodistal/buccolingual ratio, but not by the type of attachment used.

The Ti-3.3Al-2.8Mo-1.2V alloy is commonly utilized in high-pressure marine vessels. This study investigated its constitutive behavior through compression tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 850 °C to 1100 °C and strain rates between 0.001 and 10 s−1. Subsequently, the microstructural evolution was analyzed. In the α + β phase region, higher temperatures enhanced the spheroidization of α grains, while increased strain rates suppressed it. Additionally, the c-axes of α-phase grains were observed to rotate toward a direction perpendicular to the compression direction (CD), with the rotation becoming more pronounced at higher strain rates. In contrast, the β-phase region displayed scattered 0001 poles in the pole figure (PF), indicating a lack of distinct texture. However, as the strain rate increased, the c-axes of grains gradually aligned perpendicularly to the CD, resulting in the development of a <20 1 1 >|| CD texture. Texture formation in the α + β phase region was primarily governed by prismatic slip, whereas both prismatic and pyramidal slip systems became increasingly active in the β-phase region as strain rates rose after deformation. A constitutive model relating the flow stress of the Ti-3.3Al-2.8Mo-1.2V alloy to strain rate and temperature was proposed, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.91 and an average absolute relative error of 8.11 pct.

To quantitatively investigate the effects of Modic-III changes on the porous bone ingrowth at the interface of cervical disc prosthesis using caprine models. The Modic-III changes were induced at C3-4 level in eight goats by discectomy, followed by the implantation of cervical disc prostheses, while another eight goats served as a control group. Computed tomography (CT) and X-rays of cervical spine were performed intraoperatively and postoperatively at verify implant placement. The vertebral specimens were examined by micro-CT for histomorphometric quantification, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Methylene-blue/acid fuchsin staining, standard hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson staining were used for histologic evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining, including osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphate (ALP), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), were also conducted. All goats were followed for a period of 6 months after prosthesis implantation. The rate of prosthesis complications in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (37.5

ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI (https://chat.openai.com), is a publicly accessible tool that utilizes advanced machine learning algorithms to process and analyze extensive data, generating responses to user inquiries. On May 13, 2024, OpenAI launched the ChatGPT4o model, which, according to information on the OpenAI website, represents the latest, fastest, and most advanced version. This model supports a context length of up to 128k tokens (equivalent to the length of a long novel) and offers multimodal capabilities, including text and image inputs, as well as text, image, and audio outputs (https://help.openai.com). While numerous studies have explored ChatGPT's potential applications and challenges in the biomedical field[1, 2], limited research has been conducted on the specific capabilities of ChatGPT4o in the medical domain. A REVIEW article[3] published in Frontiers in Surgery mentions that ChatGPT lacks sufficient expertise and background understanding in specialized fields. However, the application of ChatGPT4o may have the potential to change this situation. To validate this model, we investigate the theranostic performance of ChatGPT4o in managing thoracolumbar spine fractures to assess its potential effectiveness and applications in clinical practice.MethodFor our evaluation, we formulated 38 clinical questions based on the diagnostic, treatment, and management guidelines for thoracolumbar fractures established by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) [4–14] and the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) [15]. We input all 38 questions into ChatGPT-4o (OpenAI, accessed November 3, 2024) without providing additional context or guidelines. Each question was posed once, and the initial generated response was recorded. To minimize variability, no iterative refinement of prompts was performed. The responses were anonymized and compiled in Supplementary Material S1. Each response was subsequently reviewed by three independent spine surgery experts, who evaluated the responses according to both the established guidelines and their own clinical experience. Each expert used a five-point Likert scale to rate the responses: 1 indicating completely incorrect; 2 more incorrect than correct; 3 an equal mix of correct and incorrect; 4 more correct than incorrect; and 5 completely correct. The median score from the three experts was used as the final rating to minimize bias.ResultWhen ChatGPT4o was presented with "yes or no" questions, it typically responded with comprehensive diagnostic criteria and therapeutic principles rather than a simple "yes" or "no." According to our results (Table 1), 0 responses (0%) received a score of 1, 1 response (2.63%) received a score of 2, 1 response (2.63%) scored a 3, 8 responses (21.05%) scored a 4, and 28 responses (73.68%) scored a 5. Approximately 94.7% of the responses were largely or entirely accurate. DiscussionWhen asked, "Does the choice of surgical approach (anterior, posterior, or combined anterior-posterior) improve clinical outcomes in patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures?", ChatGPT4o provided an affirmative answer along with detailed explanations. However, according to CNS guidelines, for patients with burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine, surgeons may use an anterior, posterior, or combined approach, as the choice of approach does not significantly affect clinical or neurological outcomes, a Grade B recommendation. Although ChatGPT4o provided a detailed explanation of the indications for each approach, the experts noted that while the response was generally accurate, the final conclusion was not entirely consistent with guideline recommendations. Furthermore, while ChatGPT4o appears capable of conducting targeted searches on open websites, its "independent reasoning" abilities require further refinement.In summary, ChatGPT4o demonstrates promising performance in diagnosing and treating thoracolumbar trauma. Its ability to search open websites and provide detailed responses could be a useful reference for clinical practitioners. However, ChatGPT4o does not consistently provide fully accurate answers, particularly with "yes or no" questions. Its dependence on specific sources for data retrieval may introduce biases that limit its broader application in the field of spine surgery. ChatGPT requires substantial medical data for further training to enhance model performance. Moreover, given the specific ethical considerations in medicine, ChatGPT4o's use in clinical settings must ensure patient safety, data privacy, ethical standards, and adherence to relevant "AI regulations". Although ChatGPT4o's responses may improve clinical efficiency, it should only serve as a clinical assistant, with spine surgeons validating the accuracy of its information.This study has several methodological limitations: firstly, the lack of comparative analyses with established AI systems (e.g., Google Med-PaLM, IBM Watson) or traditional decision-support tools hinders definitive performance benchmarking; secondly, simulated testing environments may overestimate system efficacy, as diagnostic performance degradation in real-world clinical settings requires urgent empirical validation; finally, the rapid evolution of AI technology necessitates dynamically updated training databases and ethical evaluation frameworks. To address these gaps, subsequent research will incorporate the Partial Credit Model (PCM) and Item Response Theory (IRT) through latent trait modeling, systematically quantifying AI response difficulty levels, refining multidimensional scoring criteria, and strengthening clinical applicability assessments to establish a psychometrically-based evaluation framework. This methodological advancement will enhance the granular understanding of AI's role in complex medical decision-making (e.g., surgical approach selection, prognostic stratification). Future research priorities include: (1) comparative effectiveness studies across AI systems, (2) real-world clinical validation of performance, and (3) development of specialty-specific human-AI collaboration guidelines to systematically improve the clinical utility of intelligent assistive tools in spinal surgery.

BACKGROUND:Thoracolumbar fractures, especially burst fractures, are common severe spinal injuries requiring surgery. The main goals are to restore spinal stability and normal curvature, relieve nerve compression, and prevent further neurological damage. Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly used in spinal surgery. This study aims to use finite element analysis to compare two new thoracolumbar anterior fixation systems: Hybrid cross-thoracolumbar fixation system and new hybrid cross-thoracolumbar fixation system (HXTL and NHXTL) with Medtronic's ANTERIOR system, providing a theoretical reference for surgeries. METHOD:A finite element model of the T12-L2 vertebrae of a 27-year-old healthy male was built based on CT images. The model was processed, optimized, meshed, and analyzed using software. In vitro biomechanical tests were compared with the finite element model results to verify the model's validity. A 500 N compressive load and a 10 N m bending moment were applied to the upper surface of T12. The stress and displacement of the vertebral body and the stress state of the support body of the two models under various conditions like forward flexion and backward extension were observed and analyzed. RESULTS:The study compared the biomechanical performance of the HXTL, NHXTL, and ANTERIOR systems under six physiological conditions. The vertebral body displacement of the three systems was maximum under forward flexion. During right flexion, the HXTL displacement was significantly greater than that of the ANTERIOR and NHXTL systems, while during extension, the HXTL and NHXTL displacements were significantly less than those of the ANTERIOR system. Under other motion conditions, the displacements were relatively small. In terms of vertebral body stress, the ANTERIOR model had the maximum stress during left flexion, significantly greater than that of the other two. In terms of titanium mesh stress, the HXTL system had significantly higher stress during extension and left rotation compared to the other two systems. In terms of nail-rod stress, the ANTERIOR system had higher stress in all directions than the HXTL and NHXTL systems. CONCLUSION:Compared with the ANTERIOR system, the HXTL system reduces the surgical incision through oblique nail placement, can reduce the risk of nail-rod failure, and increase the stability of the titanium mesh between vertebral bodies, but it also brings a higher risk of subsidence. The NHXTL model not only reduces the surgical incision and the risk of accidental injury to contralateral blood vessels but also reduces the risk of nail-rod failure and does not increase the risk of titanium mesh subsidence. It is a more optimized choice.

Printed circuit board (PCB) microdrills are widely used in the PCB industry but are prone to wear. In this study, the purpose of this study is to improve the wear-resistant performance of microdrills by pulsed magnetic field treatment (MT). Therefore, MT was applied to PCB micro drill to enhance their service life in processing micro holes on high Tg Fr-4 PCB. Meanwhile, in order to minimize the wear rate of the PCB micro drill, the magnetic field parameters were systematically investigated. The results indicate that as the pulse intervals decrease, and the number of pulses increases, the wear rate of the micro drill decreases. In particular, the micro drill treated with a single pulse directional magnetic field (SMT) of 2.5 T for 10 s and magnetized 120 times exhibited the lowest wear rate, with a 62.5 % increase in service life. The pulse magnetic field reduced the average coefficient of friction between the PCB and micro drill by 4.8 %, which improved the wear resistance of the micro drill. Furthermore, the SMT caused a Co phase transition from FCC to HCP with a concomitant change in grain orientation. KAM maps and TEM results suggest that the single pulse directional magnetic field induces direct slip of dislocations and accumulation at grain boundaries. This phenomenon can slow down the separation of Co during PCB micro hole processing, thereby enhancing the service life of the micro drill.

The microstructure and deformation behavior are important factors in determining dynamic response for high-entropy alloy (HEA) under extreme conditions. In this work, an as-cast equiatomic CoCrFeNiMn HEA was investigated through compression test conduct at 750 °C, 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C subjected to various strain rates (from 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1). Microstructural characteristics and deformation behavior of CoCrFeNiMn HEA during hot compression of true strain of 0.5 at 950 °C were studied. The calculated strain rate sensitivity, active volume and activation energy for hot compression were 0.1083, 45.1 b3 and 264.92 kJ/mol, respectively. The combined effects of dislocations, twins, recovery, deformation, and recrystallization attributes to lower values during high-temperature compression. In addition, the flow stress curves were developed an Arrhenius constitutive model from 750 °C to 1050 °C. The new developed Arrhenius-type model exhibited better fit between the experimental and predicted stress. Through the analysis of microstructure evolution, deformation behavior and the constitutive model under extreme situation provide critical insights for the development of new manufacturing techniques into CoCrFeNiMn HEA.

Electric pulse treatment (EPT) effectively enhances material plasticity but typically compromises strength, and the combined mechanisms of pulsed current on dislocation evolution and grain rotation remain unclear. Here, HAl66-6–3-2 alloy was subjected to EPT, and the results revealed that the EPT sample achieved an increase in plasticity without compromising the strength, with an elongation rate enhancement of 69.89 %. The changes in performance are mainly attributed to three aspects: grain refinement, slight decrease in dislocation density, and the formation of strong {632}<223> texture during the EPT. Unlike the untreated (UT) samples with entangled dislocations, under the coupling effect of Joule heating and non-thermal effect, the dislocations in EPT samples exhibited directionality, primarily composed of a series of parallel dislocation pairs. The formation of the strong {632}<223> texture primarily relied on grain boundary migration and grain rotation, with both Joule heating and non-thermal effect facilitating rapid grain boundary migration. At low-angle grain boundaries, the pulsed current facilitated grain rotation, transforming low-angle grain boundaries in the β phase into high-angle grain boundaries. The study demonstrates EPT can promote the movement of atoms and regulate the microstructure, which is of great significance for the subsequent control of alloy properties.

For processing the difficult-to-cut materials, TiAlSiN coatings have been widely applied to machining tools. Pulse magnetic field treatment, as a novel, fast, and environmentally friendly post-treatment method, can directly modify the finished TiAlSiN-coated tools without causing physical damage. This study investigates the wear resistance of pulse magnetic field-treated TiAlSiN-coated carbide samples under both dry and lubricated friction conditions. Results show that pulse magnetic field-treated TiAlSiN-coated samples exhibit improved wear resistance and friction reduction in both friction environments. In dry friction conditions, the coating's coefficient of friction decreased by 13.73%, resulting in a more stable friction process. In lubricated conditions, the coefficient of friction decreased by 23.46%. Due to the effects of the pulse magnetic field, the hardness of the coating and substrate increased by 6.58% and 3.7%, respectively. The bonding phase Co in the carbide substrate exhibited phase transformation and increased defect density, such as dislocations. These changes enhanced the bonding strength at the coating/substrate interface, thereby improving its mechanical performance and tribological behavior.

Introduction:Distal tibial fractures are common fracture sites and usually require surgical treatment to achieve anatomical reduction. Intramedullary nails (IMN) are widely used in orthopedics for stabilizing fractured bones and treating limb deformities. The process of postoperative bone healing is of great significance for patient rehabilitation and can guide subsequent treatment methods. However, the current radiographic techniques used to determine the degree of fusion, such as X-ray, need to be improved in accuracy and have some radiation effects. Several studies suggested that the mechanical load on the fracture area could reflect the bone healing process and evaluated the stability of fracture area. The aim of this study is to investigate the biomechanical changes in the fracture area during bone healing and IMN, and to prepare for the subsequent placement of intelligent stress and displacement sensors based on the changes in stress and displacement, in order to provide guidance for the treatment and rehabilitation of postoperative fractures. Methods:Finite element (FE) models representing different healing stages of tibial fractures were developed. All conditions were applied to simulate the stress and strain of the IMN fixation system under normal tibial stress. Results:The stress at the fracture area on the IMN gradually decreases, while the stress on the callus gradually increases until reaching a stable state at the 12th week after surgery. And the deformation value and the displacement value of the callus decrease and stabilize over time. Based on the changes in stress at the fracture area of the IMN and the displacement value of the callus, we can place a stress sensor at the fracture area of the IMN and a displacement sensor at the callus area. Conclusion:This study utilized FE analysis to evaluate stress, deformation and displacement between the IMN and bone during the healing process of tibial fractures in four stages. By combining these aspects, the degree of bone healing can be assessed. This research enables orthopedic doctors to monitor the progression of fracture healing without relying solely on imaging examinations. Furthermore, it aids in guiding patients to undergo appropriate rehabilitation training for better recovery.

The effect of electro-pulsing treatment(EPT)with different peak current densities(Jm)on tensile properties of selective laser melting(SLM)-produced TC4 alloy was investigated for significant improvement in the tensile properties of the alloy.When Jm is 30 A/mm2,the elongation is improved distinctly by 19.72%while the ultimate tensile strength remains nearly constant.The improved ductility is evidenced by deeper dimples on the fracture surface and cracks from the shear lip zone.Additionally,the improvement is reflected by widely distributed voids and prominent slip bands in the longitudinal section of the fracture.The fracture behavior is attributed to the increased high-angle grain boundaries fraction and the reduced dislocation density induced by the appropriate EPT.This microstructure leads to a decrease in texture intensity of the basal plane and an enhancement in crystalline slip capacity of the plane,consequently,the improved plastic deformation capacity of the alloy.