SABATH gene family in plants participates in metabolic processes such as methylation of various hormones and plays an essential role in plant response to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified and sequenced 28 SABATH genes in soybean and divided them into three groups. Genome mapping annotation suggested that tandem repeat was the cause of SABATH gene amplification in soybean. Phylogenetic and homology analyses show that the three groups may have originated from different ancestors. Transcriptome analysis was performed in six soybean tissues using data from public transcriptome. In addition, transcriptome and gene expression analyses revealed their expression patterns under different soybean varieties and various abiotic stresses. These results reveal the differential expression of GmSABATHs gene under these stresses, indicating their potential role in the mechanism of soybean adapting to environmental challenges. These results provide reference information for the evolutionary study of the SABATH family and the potential role of GmSABATHs in soybean resistance to abiotic stress.

The vulnerability of infants and young children due to their fragile bodies and inability to effectively express physical discomfort has raised widespread of concern in the society. As it continues to be difficult to develop sensors with superior mechanical qualities and response sensitivity for use in health monitoring and recognition. Here, a polymer known as, Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomer, enhanced by crosslinking which is prepared from Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), soybean oil polyol ED, and polycaprolactone triol (PCT-L) also referred to as PTIED, was prepared based on previously prepared soybean oil polyol ED and polycaprolactone triol (PCT-L) as soft segments, with IPDI as hard segments. This was followed by the preparation of the PTIED-CNT sensor by using PTIED as a matrix and hydroxyl carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a conductive filler. The mechanical properties of the obtained PTIED-CNT sensor have been enhanced, with a tensile strength of approximately 5 MPa. The sensitivity GF of the PTIED-CNT7 % can reach up to 805.67 and remains stable after 4500 seconds of continuous operation at 10 % strain. Moreover, the device can support high stability in a simulated sweat environment and exhibit antibacterial and hydrophobic, which could be used to check for small movements, such as those of the face and throat, and could also recognize sound. Therefore, its potential applications in respiratory monitoring of infants as well as other health monitoring applications are expected.

Identifying molecular markers linked to tobacco bacterial wilt resistance is crucial for developing resistant tobacco varieties, thereby enhancing tobacco production and quality. In this two-year study, we evaluated the tobacco bacterial wilt disease index (TBWDI) in a mapping population of 78 tobacco accessions using SSR/InDel markers across 1377 marker loci. Two association models, GLM_Q and MLM_Q + Kinship, were used for association analysis. By considering multiple environments, selection thresholds, and phenotype values, we identified 19 reliable marker loci (P = 7.07-E05-4.98-E02) that explained 5.37-19.10 % of the phenotypic variation. Among these, we selected 11 accessions with high resistance to tobacco bacterial wilt, each containing at least one excellent locus. The models predicted five hybrid combinations whose offspring aggregated additional excellent loci. Additionally, one locus was identified during quantitative trait loci mapping, with accessions carrying this locus exhibiting significantly different TBWDI values from those without it, confirming its reliability and stability. A candidate gene (LOC107795335) was also identified downstream at 17.58 Kbp of the locus. Our study pinpointed reliable loci associated with bacterial wilt resistance, identified important materials for breeding resistant tobacco varieities, and predicted the best hybrid combinations for low disease indexes. The results of our study offer invaluable theoretical insights for breeding varieties with high and stable resistance.

This paper used different concentrations of xylose as a cross-linker to initiate the Maillard reaction with the soy protein isolate matrix. The mechanical performance and moisture resistance of the soy protein isolate film were enhanced. Measuring the specific wavelength absorbance, free amino group concentration, and fluorescence spectrum of the cross-linked result revealed the alteration of the soy protein isolate. Simultaneously, composite films made by crosslinking soy protein isolate with xylose were thoroughly investigated. Mechanical properties, contact angle measurement, water vapour transmission rate, optical properties, and thermal performance were used to determine the film's fundamental properties, and the interaction relationship between soy protein isolate, xylose, and glycerol was studied using infrared spectroscopy. The study found that the modified SPI film outperformed the unmodified film, particularly when the xylose content was 20%. The tensile strength reached 6.26 MPa, and the water vapour permeability was reduced to 5.45x10-8 gmm/m2sPa. It also exhibited excellent UV resistance and good thermal stability.

Background Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most serious soil-borne disease of tobacco that significantly reduces crop yield. However, the limited availability of resistance in tobacco hinders breeding efforts for this disease. Results In this study, we conducted hydroponic experiments for the root expression profiles of D101 (resistant) and Honghuadajinyuan (susceptible) cultivars in response to BW infection at 0 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7d to explore the defense mechanisms of BW resistance in tobacco. As a result, 20,711 and 16,663 (total: 23,568) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the resistant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. In brief, at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d, the resistant cultivar showed upregulation of 1553, 1124, 2583, and 7512 genes, while the susceptible cultivar showed downregulation of 1213, 1295, 813, and 7735 genes. Similarly, across these time points, the resistant cultivar had downregulation of 1034, 749, 1686, and 11,086 genes, whereas the susceptible cultivar had upregulation of 1953, 1790, 2334, and 6380 genes. The resistant cultivar had more up-regulated genes at 3 d and 7 d than the susceptible cultivar, indicating that the resistant cultivar has a more robust defense response against the pathogen. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes are involved in responses to oxidative stress, plant–pathogen interactions, cell walls, glutathione and phenylalanine metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Among the DEGs, 239 potential candidate genes were detected, including 49 phenylpropane/flavonoids pathway-associated, 45 glutathione metabolic pathway-associated, 47 WRKY, 48 ERFs, eight ARFs, 26 pathogenesis-related genes (PRs), and 14 short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase genes. In addition, two highly expressed novel genes ( MSTRG.61386-R1B-17 and MSTRG.61568 ) encoding nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins were identified in both cultivars at 7 d. Conclusions This study revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in GO and KEGG terms linked to glutathione, flavonoids, and phenylpropane pathways, indicating the potential role of glutathione and flavonoids in early BW resistance in tobacco roots. These findings offer fundamental insight for further exploration of the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms of BW resistance in tobacco and solanaceous plants at the molecular level.

In order to develop a rapid and effective method for resistance evaluation of tobacco bacterial wilt disease（BWD） at seedling stages, four tobacco varieties including Honghuadajinyuan, Qinggeng, Changbohuang and D101 were selected as materials in this study, and their BWD resistance or susceptibility were evaluated based on the disease index after inoculation of Ralstonia solanacearum with root-undamaged and root-damaged methods in a hydroponic system. The results showed that the BWD resistance/susceptibility for cultivars could be identified at the 7 or 10 days after inoculation by both root-damaged and undamaged inoculation methods, respectively. D101 was middle resistant, Changbohuang was highly susceptible, Honghuadajinyuan was highly susceptible or susceptible, and Qinggeng was susceptible. These results were basically consistent with the resistance evaluation obtained by a traditional root-damaged inoculation method in pot culture experiment, which needed 3 to 4 weeks. These results indicated that the hydroponic inoculation method established in this study was a rapid, efficient and accurate method for evaluation of tobacco BWD resistance/susceptibility at seedling stages.

The activity of bHLH transcription factor MYC2, a key regulator in jasmonate signaling and plant specialized metabolism, is sensitive to repression by JASMONATE-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins and co-activation by the mediator subunit MED25. The substitution of a conserved aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) in the JAZ-interacting domain (JID) of Arabidopsis MYC2 affects interaction with JAZ, although the mechanism remained unclear. The effects of the conserved residue MYC2D128 on interaction with MED25 have not been investigated. Using tobacco as a model, we generated all possible substitutions of aspartic acid 128 (D128) in NtMYC2a. NtMYC2aD128N partially desensitized the repression by JAZ proteins, while strongly interacting with MED25, resulting in increased expression of nicotine pathway genes and nicotine accumulation in tobacco hairy roots overexpressing NtMYC2aD128N compared to those overexpressing NtMYC2a. The proline substitution, NtMYC2aD128P, negatively affected transactivation and abolished the interaction with JAZ proteins and MED25. Structural modeling and simulation suggest that the overall stability of the JID binding pocket is a predominant cause for the observed effects of substitutions at D128. The D128N substitution has an overall stabilizing effect on the binding pocket, which is destabilized by D128P. Our study offers an innovative tool to increase the production of plant natural products.

Insertions and deletions (InDels) can be used as molecular markers in genetic studies and marker-assisted selection breeding. However, genetic improvement in tobacco has been hindered by limited genetic diversity information and relatedness within available germplasm. A Chinese tobacco variety, Yueyan-98, was resequenced using restriction-site associated DNA (RAD-seq) approach to develop InDel markers. In total, 32,884 InDel loci were detected between Yueyan-98 and the K326 reference sequence [18,598 (56.55%) deletions and 14,288 (43.45%) insertions], ranging from 1 to 62 bp in length. Of the 6,733 InDels (> 4 bp) that were suitable for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 150 were randomly selected. These 150 InDels were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes, and the highest numbers of InDels were observed on chromosomes Nt05, Nt13, and Nt23. The average density of adjacent InDels was 19.36 Mb. Thirty-seven InDels were located in genic regions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers were developed to validate polymorphism; 113 (79.80%) of the 150 InDel markers showed polymorphism and were further used for genetic diversity analysis of 50 tobacco accessions (13 from China, 1 from Mexico, and 36 from the USA). The average expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.28 ± 0.16 and 0.38 ± 0.10, respectively. The average Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.34 ± 0.18, with genetic diversity ranging from 0.13–0.57. The 50 accessions were classified into two groups with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.68. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and population structure analysis showed similar results and divided the population into two groups unrelated to their geographical origins. AMOVA showed 4% variance among the population and the remaining 96% within the population, suggesting low genetic differentiation between two subpopulations. Furthermore, 10 InDels (19 alleles) were significantly identified for tobacco plant height using GLM+Q model at P < 0.005. Among these, three markers (Nt-I-26, Nt-I-41, and Nt-I-44) were detected in at least two environments, with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) ranging from 14.03 to 32.68%. The polymorphic InDel markers developed can be used for hybrid identification, genetic diversity, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping, and MAS breeding programs of tobacco.

A large amount of industrial and agricultural wastes are generated in the tobacco industry, such as tobacco steams, tobacco stalks, and tobacco leaves. How to increase the economic added value of industrial and agricultural wastes is an important issue. It is a promising value-added way that these biological wastes are recycled into carbon materials with excellent electrochemical properties. Herein, biochar were prepared from tobacco waste biomass (mainly tobacco stems, tobacco stalks and tobacco leaves) through one-step carbonization. The as-obtained biochar exhibited high specific capacitance of 305.92 F·g −1 (tobacco stems), 328.07 F·g −1 (tobacco stalks), and 272.48 F·g −1 (tobacco leaves) at 1 A·g −1 , when tested in a three-electrode system with 6 M KOH electrolyte. This study highlights the possibility of reusing tobacco waste to produce low-cost, green and high-performance carbon-based electrode materials for sustainable electrochemical energy storage systems.

细菌性青枯病是由青枯雷尔氏菌（青枯菌）引起的一种世界范围的毁灭性病害,该病原有着广泛的寄主范围及地理分布,给作物生产带来巨大经济损失。抗病育种是防治该病害的有效途径。植物在长期与青枯菌相互作用的过程中,其自身已进化出一系列精密的机制抵制青枯菌入侵。本文主要总结阐述植物抗青枯病的分子机制研究进展,包括图位克隆获得的抗青枯病基因、响应青枯病侵染的相关基因。对拟南芥中RRS1/RPS4抗青枯病的作用机制进行详细综述;其他作物中,主要是园艺作物中与青枯病相关的基因报道较多,主要包括WRKY转录因子,其次是NAC转录因子以及其他类基因。涉及主要通路是水杨酸和茉莉酸途径,以及新近发现的γ-氨基丁酸和丙酮酸代谢途径。本综述将为进一步深入开展植物对青枯病的抗性机制研究及利用抗性资源进行抗病品种选育奠定基础。

A large amount of biomass straw waste is generated every year in the world, which can cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste if disposed of improperly. At present, biomass-derived porous carbon materials prepared from biomass waste as a carbon source have garnered attention due to their renewability, huge reserves, low cost, and environmental benevolence. In this work, high-performance carbon materials were prepared via a one-step carbonization-activation method and ball milling, with waste tobacco straw as precursor and nano-ZnO as template and activator. The specific surface area and porous structure of biomass-derived carbon could be controlled by carbonization temperature, which is closely related to the electrochemical performances of the carbon material. It was found that, when the carbonization temperature was 800 °C, the biochar possesses maximum specific surface area (1293.2 m2·g−1) and exhibits high capacitance of 220.7 F·g−1, at 1 A·g−1 current density in a three-electrode configuration with 6 M KOH aqueous solution. The capacitance retention maintained about 94.83% at 5 A·g−1 after 3000 cycles. This work proves the porous biochar derived from tobacco straws has a great potential prospect in the field of supercapacitors.

As an anti-inflammatory alkaloid, nicotine plays dual roles in treating diseases. Here we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine on inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, endotoxemia, myocarditis, oral/skin/muscle inflammation, etc., mainly concerning the administration methods, different models, therapeutic concentration and duration, and relevant organs and tissues. According to the data analysis from recent studies in the past 20 years, nicotine exerts much more anti-inflammatory effects than pro-inflammatory ones, especially in ulcerative colitis, arthritis, sepsis, and endotoxemia. On the other hand, in oral inflammation, nicotine promotes and aggravates some diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis, especially when there are harmful microorganisms in the oral cavity. We also carefully analyzed the nicotine dosage to determine its safe and effective range. Furthermore, we summarized the molecular mechanism of nicotine in these inflammatory diseases through regulating immune cells, immune factors, and the vagus and acetylcholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. By balancing the “beneficial” and “harmful” effects of nicotine, it is meaningful to explore the effective medical value of nicotine and open up new horizons for remedying acute and chronic inflammation in humans.

Tobacco is an industrial crop, and its leaves and stems are used to produce cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and to extract bioethanol and biofuel. However, knowledge of the genetic basis underlying agronomic traits related to quality and yield in tobacco is limited. Therefore, we undertook association mapping to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with seven yield-related traits in 94 natural tobacco accessions using 126,602 SNPs and two multi-locus models. The mapping identified 465 QTNs across five environments for stem girth (SG: 84 QTNs), leaf number (LN: 61), SPAD (76), leaf length (LL: 71), leaf width (LW: 71), leaf length to width ratio (LLW: 58), and node distance (ND: 67), with phenotypic variance ranging from 0.46% to 30.99%. Of these, 45 reliable QTNs were found in multiple environments and detected by both methods. In addition, the mapping identified 16 pleiotropic QTNs for different traits, e.g., pQTN-18–13 on Chr18 associated with all traits except SG. For 43 QTNs, yield-related traits significantly differed between superior and alternative alleles, with 13 forming haplotype blocks with 3–5 haplotype groups. We screened 15 putative candidate genes based on the 13 haplotype QTNs for yield-related traits, e.g., PCK1, ECR1, MTACP1, SMC6B, and FH14. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify superior haplotypes associated with yield-related traits, providing a foundation for genetic studies, map-based cloning, and molecular breeding to improve tobacco varieties with desirable yield-related traits.

为了筛选出适宜韶关生态烟区的烤烟品种,采用大田比较试验,研究了8个外引烤烟品种在农艺性状、病害发生、经济性状、外观质量、感官质量以及化学成分等方面的差异,结果表明:与对照'K326'相比,'FJ312'、'闽烟7号'和'云烟87'综合表现突出,其株高在78.0～108.5 cm间,最大叶面积在1167.41～1454.26 cm2;产量在1727.05～2178.67 kg/hm2间,较对照'K326'显著提高20.83％～52.43％,产值在43368.90～58946.13元/hm2间,较对照'K326'显著提高29.68％～76.26％;三者的抗病性、外观质量和感官质量均优于对照'K326',其中'FJ312'和'闽烟7号'的抗病性最强,其烟草花叶病、烟草青枯病、烟草赤星病发生率为0.总的来说,'FJ312'、'闽烟7号'和'云烟87'在韶关烟区适应性较好,可作为当地的后备烤烟品种,具有一定的推广应用前景.

A large amount of tobacco straw residues is produced around the world every year. These tobacco straw residues are usually incinerated or landfilled directly, which cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to find a green way to recycle these tobacco straw residues. Converting tobacco straw residues into biomass carbon materials for supercapacitor electrode materials is an appropriate way. In this study, tobacco straw core carbon (TSC) was obtained from tobacco straw core waste, which was carbonized directly in the tube furnace without N2. The tobacco straw core carbon had a higher specific surface area because of the self-activation of the H2O and CO2 in the carbonization. A variety of analytical instruments were used to characterize the prepared porous carbon. Herein, this work can provide new ideas for energy materials, and solve the problem of the disposal of tobacco straw residues. What’s more, it also can provide a sustainable development opportunity for tobacco farmers to alleviate poverty, dig potential and transform.

The present investigation utilizes tobacco stalks flour and magnesium oxysulfate whiskers as fillers to enhancers the recycle polypropylene through melt blending and injection molding. Studied the microscopic morphology, mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of recycled polypropylene (rPP) based composites with different weight ratios of tobacco stalks flour (TSF) and magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (MOSw). Composites’ morphological studies indicated that tobacco stalks flour, and recycled polypropylene has good adhesion, improving composites’ mechanical properties. The addition of TSF did not significantly change the tensile strength of rPP, but it can effectively increase the flexural strength and flexural modulus. Compared with rPP, adding 30 wt% tobacco stalks flour to rPP can increase the flexural strength by about 32.74%. Meanwhile, the addition of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers further improves the material’s tensile strength. An increase in tobacco stalks flour content in the rPP enhances the crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity of the polymer. In addition, attributed to the existence of tobacco stalks flour hydrophilic and antibacterial ability, the water absorption of the hybrid composites was increased and obtained antibacterial ability. Hence, this study provides a new development idea for tobacco stalks r recycling and applications.

[目的]利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测繁种用烟草绿原酸、芦丁、茄尼醇等重要活性成分的含量差异,为烟草种质资源的有效开发利用提供参考.[方法]采用HPLC法测定17份繁种用烟草种质资源成熟期叶片中绿原酸、芦丁、茄尼醇的含量,色谱条件为:Agilent 1260色谱仪,色谱柱为VP-ODS,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测器为1260 VWD.[结果]6种绿原酸异构体中,以绿原酸含量最高,在17份种质资源中均有检测到,且以S16打宾柳叶烟晒烟最高,其次是隐绿原酸和新绿原酸含量,而异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸C的含量与前3种异构体相比,总体偏低;芦丁含量以NC347烤烟最高(46.456 g/kg),其次是S19大肩叶(7.782 g/kg)和S17大都青梗晒烟(6.250 g/kg),云烟87烤烟最低(1.206 g/kg);茄尼醇含量以NC347烤烟最高(44.913 g/kg),其次是K326烤烟(11.140 g/kg)、S17大都青梗晒烟(9.844 g/kg),黄坑7号-1烤烟最低(2.793 g/kg).[结论]17份烟草种质资源中芦丁和茄尼醇的含量与绿原酸相比总体较高,且均以NC347烤烟最高.6种异构体中含量最高的是绿原酸,且以S16打宾柳叶烟晒烟最高.各繁种用烟草种质资源在现蕾后未打顶,这可能对绿原酸有较大影响.

为了探究不同类型磷肥对烟草生长和土壤磷素形态的影响,以烟草品种云烟87和牛肝土为试验材料,采用室内盆栽方法,设置6个处理:过磷酸钙(T1)、钙镁磷肥(T2)、聚磷酸铵(T3)、磷酸一铵(T4)、磷酸二铵(T5)以及不施磷(CK),调查分析了烟草农艺性状、土壤的Hedley分级磷及其相关性.结果表明,与不施磷相比,所有施磷土壤的Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi、HCl-Pi和Residue-P均显著增加,而有机态磷NaOH-Po和NaHCO3-Po显著减少.其中,施用钙镁磷肥和磷酸二铵的土壤有效磷含量显著高于其他处理,钙镁磷肥处理的磷活化系数最大.各处理烟草叶片总鲜质量大小表现为:T5>T2>T3>T1>T4>CK,所有施磷处理均显著高于对照.各农艺性状和生物量与Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi、全磷、有效磷均呈显著正相关,而多数农艺性状和生物量与NaHCO3-Po和NaOH-Po呈显著负相关.综上所述,钙镁磷肥和磷酸二铵处理的磷活化能力较强,并且有利于烟草生长和提高烟叶产量.

我国烟草资源丰富,但是烟草产业发展单一,多集中在卷烟工业.这不仅没有充分利用和挖掘特色的烟草植物资源,而且也造成了卷烟工业废弃烟叶及烟杆等的极大浪费和环境污染.在"十四五"发展规划以及健康中国新时代背景下,烟草资源的多元化发展和高值化利用逐渐成为新的发展方向.烟草植物本身含有丰富的功能活性成分,为其开发利用提供了物质基础和资源保障.尤其是烟草植物特有的生物碱如烟碱及其衍生物、萜烯类茄尼醇和西柏三烯二醇等、酚类如芦丁和绿原酸等物质,以及烟草经基因工程转化生产的人类医药类产物,是烟草在绿色农药、营养健康以及人类生物医药领域高值应用的创新价值体现成分.基于烟草工业的发展现状,综述了烟草资源在现代循环农业、农业绿色防控、工业新能源、医药健康、烟草转基因工程等领域的发展现状及应用前景,并提出烟草多元化开发利用可行的研究建议,建议政府加强引导及资助,统筹农、工、医等多方面的科研平台及人才,梳理烟草资源管控方针,从全局出发将废弃烟草、"有害烟草"转变为功能烟草、健康烟草,积极推进传统烟草产业的转型升级,向更有利于经济、社会发展的方向可持续发展.

烟草种质资源是烟草原始创新、新品种选育及其生物技术产业化的物质基础,是保障烟叶生产安全的战略性资源,对我国烟草可持续发展具有重要意义.烟草原始创新、新品种选育及其生物技术产业化的成效,取决于所掌握种质资源的数量和对其差异性状表现及遗传规律研究,而突破性进展往往依赖于特殊种质资源的发现与利用.由于烟草种质资源遗传多样性丰富,研究内容宽泛、调制类型多样,且具有公益性、基础性和不可再生性等特征,相关研究工作任重而道远.为了解广东烟草种质资源研究现状,介绍了广东烟草种质资源国内外收集、保存的基本情况;阐述了烟草种质资源的分类、鉴定评价及种质创制与利用等方面的研究进展;概述广东生态环境下烟草地方种质资源香气风格形成与新品种选育情况,在此基础上,对目前种质资源繁种更新、精准鉴定、遗传群体研究和种质创制等进行展望.