Cupressus gigantea is an endemic species of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, China, and is designated as a national key protected wild plant species. It is uniquely distributed in the specific sections from Jiacha County to Danniang village Milin City along Yarlung Zangbo River in various habitats such as the waterline along the Yarlung Zangbo River, terraces, and mountain slopes. In this study, we utilized stable isotope technology(δD, δ18O, and δ13C), combined with the IsoSource model, to quantitatively determined the sources of water absorption and the water use efficiency of C. gigantea in various habitats, including riverside area, terraces and mountain slopes. The results showed that the content of soil total nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil ammonium nitrogen, and soil organic carbon are significantly higher on mountain slope than in the other two habitats, while the total carbon content, water content, and total nitrogen content of C. gigantea leaves are significantly lower on mountain slope than in the other two habitats (P < 0.05). The water use efficiency (WUE) of C. gigantea in the mountain slope habitats is 107.8 μmol mol-1, which is significantly higher than that of other habitats (P < 0.05), with the WUE of C. gigantea in the riverside habitat being the lowest at 35.7 μmol mol-1. C. gigantea distributed on the mountain slope and terrace uses soil water as the main water source. During the normal rainy season, the proportion of soil water utilization is the highest, accounting for more than 60%; in the dry season, the utilization of river water and groundwater increases, while soil water utilization decreases. C. gigantea distributed along the riverside mainly absorbs water from the Yarlung Zangbo River, about 63%. In August when the rainfall increases in the rainy season, the use of soil moisture increases, and in the dry season, river water becomes the main water source. This indicates that with the alternation of rainy and dry seasons, the water absorption sources and strategies of C.gigantea adjusted accordingly. The research results provide an important scientific basis for the protection and management measures of the C. gigantea population.

Industrialization and the rapid growth of economies have caused severe environmental pollution, which might impact the survival of sensitive species. In this study, we investigated the defense responses of two common mosses with varying anti-haze capacities, Hypnum callichroum and Homomallium incurvatum, in response to simulated haze pollution. Photoprotection and antioxidant mechanisms of both mosses were measured immediately after the first exposure to the haze treatment, followed by the initial recovery stage and again after exposure to secondary stress and secondary recovery. Haze exposure caused severe oxidative stress and photodamage in both H. callichroum and H. incurvatum. Metabolic processes such as photorespiration, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and secondary metabolism-which play roles in defense responses-were significantly activated in both moss species after haze treatment. During the recovery following haze stress, H. callichroum exhibited a significant stress memory response, as evidenced by the greater accumulation of several memory substances, including xanthophylls and phenolic acids. However, H. incurvatum did not exhibit a strong stress memory response, which might explain its relatively inferior anti-haze capacity in the natural environment.

Aims The growth and survival patterns of species might be affected by global climate change.Predicting changes of the potential range of geographic distribution for a certain species under climate change is important to understand the response of the species to climate change,and helps to formulate scientific conservation strategies for the species.Cupressus gigantea is an endemic species of both the Yarlung Zangbo River and one of the first class National Protection Wild Plants.However,this species faces dual pressures from resource development and climate change.We here research the distribution pattern on the both side of the Yarlung Zangbo River from Nang County to Danniang Town of Nyingchi. Methods In this investigation,we simulated the habitat suitability of C.gigantea under current and two climate change scenarios from 2081 to 2100(SSP5-8.5:high emission scenario and SSP 1-2.6:low emission scenario)in Xizang by using maximum entropy models(MaxEnt),generalized liner models(GLM)and generalized additive models(GAM)with ArcGIS spatial analysis based on the current actual geographical distribution information.All the data were obtained by field investigation,with topographic factor variables and environmental data being collected or predicted under current and future climatic conditions,respectively. Important findings The results of the study show that:(1)The potential geographical distribution of C.gigantea was narrow,with the suitable distribution areas being concentrated in Gyaca County to Gongbo'gyamda County,through which the Yarlung Zangbo River in Xizang.And others were scatterly distributed in Lhünze County,Gonggar County,and Cona County in eastern Xizang.(2)Environmental factors which had significant impacts on the potential geographic distribution of C.gigantea were the average air temperature of the coldest quarter,temperature seasonality,mean of monthly(maximum temperature-minimum temperature),and altitude with suitable ranges of-1.62-2.14 ℃,565.29-603.78,11.66-12.97 ℃ and 2 898-3 550 m,respectively.(3)The general suitable area of C.gigantea under future climate change scenarios tended to expand compared with the potential geographic distribution area,and its expansion of the suitable area range of C.gigantea under the SSP5-8.5 climate scenario was much higher than the SSP1-2.6 climate scenario.(4)The center of mass in the future scenario displayed an overall trend to the southwest,and the distribution area of C.gigantea also showed a trend to the southwest of the middle reaches of the Southwest Yarlung Zangbo River.Our findings provided the scientific significance and practical guidance for investigating key environmental factors for the growth,restoration and conservation of C.gigantea.

Textiles are turning into a suitable next-generation sensing platform because of their good breathability, softness, and structural elasticity. Besides, research on self-powered piezoelectric sensors is a hot topic in wearable applications; they can perform long-term sensing and monitoring. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the development progress of PVDF-based textiles on flexible piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, we first introduce the principle of the piezoelectric effect and the classification of piezoelectric materials; then we summarize the structure and characteristics of nanofiber mat-based, yarn-based, and fabric-based flexible piezoelectric sensors and the approaches that are employed to fabricate PVDF-based textile piezoelectric sensors such as melt spinning, electrospinning, and stretch forming processes, and so on. At last, we review their applicability in the application of electronic skin, human-computer interaction, healthcare, and human movement monitoring and demonstrate the facing difficulties and the future research directions of PVDF-based textile flexible sensors.

"Zero Waste City" (ZWC) is an urban development model that minimizes the environmental impact of solid waste at the city level and is a specific practice of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper aims to summarize the key points for realizing the construction of ZWC and the SDGs and make suggestions for promoting the construction of ZWC and forming a Chinese solution for the SDGs. It takes Foshan City, one of the second batch of ZWC pilot projects, as a case study, analyzes the relationship between the construction of ZWC and sustainable urban development from the relevance of the ZWC index system in Foshan City and the SDGs, and analyzes the foundation and problems of its ZWC construction in adjusting the industrial structure and improving the protection system. We find that the concept of the ZWC index system in Foshan City and the SDGs are consistent in the objectives of solid waste, resource utilization, management, sustainability, and multi-stakeholder partnerships. The construction of ZWC in Foshan City is built through two intertwined paths by (1) adjusting the industrial structure of solid waste generation areas such as industrial waste, domestic waste, agricultural solid waste, and hazardous waste and promoting the refinement of the whole industrial chain in these fields and (2) improving the institutional, technical, market, regulatory and other protection systems in the solid waste generation fields. This paper condenses the construction of ZWC in Foshan as a Chinese solution for SDGs, providing a practical example of sustainable transformation for other manufacturing cities, with implications for both China and other manufacturing-oriented cities.

China’s sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality targets cannot be achieved without revolutionary transitions of the agricultural sector. The rapid development of digital technologies is believed to play a huge role in this revolution. The ongoing prevention and control of COVID-19 has greatly boosted the penetration of digital technology services in all areas of society, and sustainable transformation driven by digital technologies and services is rapidly becoming an area of innovation and research. Studies have shown that the rapid advancement of digitalization is also accompanied by a series of new governance challenges and problems: (1) unclear strategic orientation and inadequate policy and regulatory responses; (2) various stakeholders have not formed a sustainable community of interest; (3) information explosion is accompanied by information fragmentation and digital divide between countries and populations within countries. Meanwhile, current research has focused more on the role of digital services in urban governance and industrial development and lacks systematic research on its role in sustainable agricultural and rural development. To address the realities faced by different stakeholders in the process of digital transformation of agriculture, this paper aims to propose an inclusive analytical framework based on the meta-governance theory to identify and analyze the demand, supply, actor networks, and incentives in the digital technology-and-services-driven sustainable agricultural transformation, starting from the goals and connotations of sustainable agricultural and rural transformation and the interactions among different stakeholders in governing information flows. This analytical framework is further applied to analyze the cases of China and the EU. Although China and the EU represent different development phases and policy contexts, the framework is valid for capturing the characteristics of information flows and actor networks along the flows. It is concluded that a common information platform based on the stakeholder network would benefit all stakeholders, help reach common framing of issues, and maintain a dynamic exchange of information. Depending on the country context, different types of stakeholders may play different roles in creating, supervising, and maintaining such platforms. Digital infrastructures/products as hardware and farmers digital capacity as ‘software’ are the two wings for digital sustainable transformation. Innovative incentives from different countries may inspire each other. In any case, farmers’ actual farming behavior changes should be an important criterion for evaluating the effects and effectiveness of digital transition governance.

Food waste (FW) in a whole country contains a large amount of nitrogen which could be used to replace chemical fertilizers to produce organic grains, thus mitigating environmental pollution from the source. A 2-year field experiment was carried out using rural FW to grow organic grains in Shandong Province, China. Different proportions of FW and cattle manure were designed: FM0, 100

Soil mulching is one of the common measures applied in organic agricultural production which could replace plastic films and protect the environment. In order to fully evaluate the effects of different straw mulching thicknesses on soil health, maize straw was mulched with the thicknesses of 0 cm (CK), 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm on soil surface to assess the effects on soil temperature (ST) and moisture (SM), soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N, soil aggregates and soil bulk density (SBD) in a temperate organic vineyard. We found that straw mulching had a significant regulating effect, with soil moisture being elevated with increasing mulching thickness by 5.8%, 9.0% and 11.1% compared with CK. The soil SOC content increased by 3.0%, 2.4% and 2.3%. Although soil pH and C/N significantly (p < 0.05) increased, they fluctuated with increasing mulch thickness. Straw mulching also increased the content of >2 mm soil particle size and elevated the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD). The increasing mulching thickness prolonged the effect on the stability of soil aggregates. The 4 cm maize straw mulching thickness has the best effect for ecologically and environmentally managing warm-temperate organic vineyards so it may have a great application prospect on a global scale.

Biodegradable household garbage contains a large amount of nitrogen, which could be used as organic fertilizer to produce organic food and significantly reduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. There is limited information on how large the nitrogen reservoir of biodegradable household garbage is in a certain country or region. Here we took China as a case, analyzed the amount of biodegradable household garbage resources and their nitrogen reservoirs. It was noted that the biodegradable household garbage mainly included food waste, waste paper and wood chips, with the amount being 31.56, 29.55, and 6.45 × 106 t·a−1, respectively. Accordingly, the nitrogen reservoirs were 65.31 × 104, 6.80 × 104, and 3.81 × 104 t·a−1 in China. The nitrogen reservoir of food waste accounted for 86% of the total nitrogen reservoir of biodegradable household garbage, which was equivalent to 11% of the amount of actual absorption for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (6.20 × 106 t·a−1) by agriculture plants in China. Our findings provided a scientific basis for the classification and utilization of biodegradable household garbage.

Abstract Food waste (FW) in a whole country contains a large amount of nitrogen which could be used to replace chemical fertilizers to produce organic grains, thus mitigating environmental pollution from the source. A two-year field experiment was carried out using rural FW to grow organic grains in Shandong Province, China. Different proportions of FW and cattle manure were designed as followings, FM0, 100% cattle manure compost (CMC); FM1, 75% CMC + 25% FW; FM2, 50% CMC + 50% FW; FM3, 25% CMC + 75% FW; FM4, 100% FW; CF, 100% chemical fertilizer; CK, without any fertilizers. Compared with CK and FM0, the application of FW significantly increased the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of the soil. FW did not cause increase of heavy metals such as cuprum, zinc and chromium in the soils, nor did it increase the heavy metals in the grains. Using FW to replace all cattle manure, the total organic yield of grains reached to an average of 18163 kg ha− 1. We found that 1 kg dry FW could produce 1.64 kg organic grains under organic conditions, with the average net income being 5.42 times that of chemical mode. Our findings may provide an innovative solution for treating rural food wastes, ensuring food safety, and conservating the agriculture ecosystem.

A datasheet on Rhus typhina covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.

改革开放以来,我国经济高速发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就.但资源被大量消耗,环境污染加剧,自然生态系统破坏严重.可以说,近30年来中国经济的发展模式是“高污染、高排放、高能耗、低效率”,是西方发达国家走过的“先污染、后治理”模式的重演,包括耕地污染在内的环境污染已经制约了中国经济的可持续发展.

谈到生态文明建设,不少人有这样一种疑惑:生态文明建设和老百姓有什么关系呢?为此,笔者以自己理解的生态文明理念谈几个观点: 第一,生态文明与老百姓的利益更为密切.生态文明不是一个口号,而是一种行动,是发展的一种指导思想.这个指导思想首先是对国家、地区宏观经济发展进行指导,最终实现人与人、人与自然的和谐,让老百姓有个健康的生态环境.空气新鲜,水源清洁,食物安全,这些都是与老百姓实在利益相结合的.提倡生态文明,用生态文明引领社会进步,促进地方政府转变因偏重强调经济发展而牺牲生态环境的错误做法,这对于人民群众是重大的事情.

为解决黄土高原有机旱作农田水分短缺、土壤贫瘠、作物产量低、施肥费工费时问题,在山西大宁县昕水镇开展本试验,即将牛粪经常规堆沤和蚯蚓堆制后,分别按照90、135、270 t/hm2施入黄土高原塬面旱作有机玉米田,研究最高有机肥施用量对玉米生长和产量的影响.结果表明,施入常规堆沤和蚯蚓-牛粪堆肥,首年即增加玉米籽粒产量和干物质量,对玉米株高、穗长、穗重、秃尖长度、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数等有不同程度的改善作用.但当施入常规堆沤牛粪270 t/hm2时,较不施肥(对照)出苗率显著降低37％(P<0.05),产量(5039.04 kg/hm2)降低19％;用量在135 t/hm2时,出苗率较对照无显著差异,产量(7039.98 kg/hm2)增加13％;一次施入蚯蚓-牛粪堆肥270 t/hm2,出苗率较对照增加2.76％,产量(8377.35 kg/hm2)显著增加35％(P<0.05).因此,对于常规堆沤牛粪,一次性施入量可为135 t/hm2,而对于蚯蚓-牛粪堆肥,一次施入270 t/hm2不影响玉米正常生长且获得较高产量.该研究可为黄土高原地区旱作农业发展提供科学依据.

Air particulate matter pollution has become a severe environment concern calling for filtration materials with great filtration performance. As the development of seamless forming technology, knitted filtration materials gradually show great potential. This study aimed to develop a novel kind of knitted seamless structure for filtration materials of filter bags with high production efficiency and excellent filtration performance. A new type of the circular weft-knitted seamless weft-insertion fabric (CKSW) filtration materials were developed on the modified circular knitting machine. This CKSW filtration materials consisting of the ground yarns, connection yarns and weft-insertion yarns, polyester full drawn yarns, and polyester draw texturing yarns with different yarn configurations were employed to realize series of CKSW samples. The polytetrafluoroethylene filaments with tourmaline particles were used to verify whether the static electric material produced an adsorption filtration effect on the CKSW filtration materials or not. After pretreatment, the filtration performance of the CKSW filtration materials was evaluated by analyzing its pore size, porosity, and filtration efficiency. Ultimately, the CKSW filtration materials with ground yarns and weft insertion yarns of draw texturing yarn and the connection yarns of full drawn yarn exhibited the most excellent filtration performance. The CKSW filtration materials show a high porosity of 87.14%, the pore size of 67.55 mu m, and good filtration efficiency of 91.57% with the particles size of >= 5.0 mu m. The successful fabrication of such knitted filtration materials may provide ideas for the development of filtration materials with new architecture mainly used as filter bags for baghouse.

农村生物质含有大量的氮素,就地肥料化既缓解环境污染问题,又能创造经济效益.该研究以沂蒙山区典型村庄蒋家庄为例,实地调查和分析了该村生物质资源量与氮含量,并利用田间试验探讨了其生产有机主粮的潜力与经济效益.结果表明,蒋家庄植物生物质量(干基)为722.5t·a-1,禽畜粪尿(鲜量)2703.1t·a-1,可降解生活垃圾(鲜基)25.4t·a-1,三者折合纯氮为18.88t·a-1.1kg牛粪可生产1.04kg有机主粮,1kg植物生物质有机肥平均可生产0.53kg有机主粮.该村生物质氮总量可满足全村农作物有机种植需求,经济效益可增加2倍以上.

We used a constant total N application base rate to conduct a two-year field experiment comparing the effects of three organic fertilizers (rapeseed meal (RSM), soybean meal (SBM), and cattle manure (CM)) on the crop yield, economic growth, and soil quality of a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. Winter wheat and summer maize in rapeseed meal treatment (RSMT), soybean meal treatment (SBMT), and cattle manure treatment (CMT) showed yield increases of 161%, 299%, and 256%, respectively, when compared to no organic fertilizer treatment (CK) (P < 0.05). The annual net incomes of SBMT and CMT were 1.46 and 1.42 times higher, respectively, than RSMT. Compared to the results of the CK group, RSM, SBM, and CM stimulated the soil physically, chemically, and biologically. We found the highest soil macroaggregate proportions, soil organic matter (SOM) levels, total N (TN) levels, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) levels in SBMT. The highest soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) levels, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) levels were observed in CMT. We used a soil quality index (SQI) to evaluate soil quality. After the two-year fertilization treatments, we calculated the SQI using a minimum data set (MDS). We used SOM levels and actinomycete quantity for the MDS properties. The SQI values were significantly different across the four treatments, with the highest values occurring in SBMT, then CMT and RSMT. In conclusion, SBM and CM were more effective than RSM at maintaining crop yield, economic growth, and soil quality.

通过培育高产品种,辅之大量化肥和农药的现代化学农业,尽管增加了产量,但同时引起了农田和食物污染等严重的生态环境和健康问题.文章对"第一次绿色革命"进行了简要回顾,剖析了现代农业造成的生态环境与健康问题,分析化学农业和发展生态农业反正两方面教训和经验,提出了生态农业应用的生态学科学原理,并以具体案例指出,高效生态农业可解决现代农业带来的环境污染、人类健康、农民就业等系列问题,实现农业可持续发展.