Rapid industrial development and its inherent use of chemicals raise environmental concerns in China, and their risk assessment and management remain challenging. Next-generation environmental risk assessment (environmental NGRA), as an exposure-led, hypothesis-driven approach, is a promising framework to address this challenge and better protect human and environmental health. This brief communication stems from the recent, first multistakeholder workshop on environmental NGRA in China, which brought together regulators, academia, and industry. We reviewed current progress and identified challenges for implementation of environmental NGRA in China, focusing on scientific advancements and regulatory application of spatially explicit exposure modeling and new approach methodologies (NAMs). More importantly, we identified future opportunities and key prioritized actions to advance its implementation in China. Four key recommendations were identified to accelerate implementation, including: (i) create a multipartite discussion forum (e.g., a working group) to support and guide the development and application of environmental NGRA; (ii) develop an environmental NGRA framework and roadmap in China; (iii) develop case studies integrating human and environmental safety; and (iv) foster international collaboration for the co-development of best practice in environmental NGRA ensuring global alignment where possible. Overall, we provide a forward-looking perspective on its scientific, regulatory, and technical dimensions, marking a critical milestone for advancing next-generation safety science in China.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have resulted in challenges related to contaminants of emerging concern in the environment. Dianshan Lake, which is adjacent to the economically developed region of the Yangtze River Delta, is an important freshwater resource for people living in Shanghai and Jiangsu, China. Identification and source tracing of contaminants of emerging concern in Dianshan Lake is important. In this study, the occurrences, temporal and spatial distributions, source apportionment, and environmental risks of these contaminants were investigated. Fifty-three contaminants were detected in the dry season (0.08–89.52 ng/L, mean: 17.72 ng/L), and 57 contaminants were detected in the wet season (0.49–79.45 ng/L, mean: 13.33 ng/L). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, organic pesticides, and alkylphenols were identified as the predominant contaminants, with contributions of 23%, 25%, and 35%, respectively, to the total contaminant concentrations in both seasons. The contaminant concentrations in surface water during the wet season were higher than those in the dry season. Positive matrix factorization analyses showed that the main sources of pollutants in Dianshan Lake were agricultural drainage and wastewater treatment plant effluents. Pentabromophenol, potassium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorooctanoic acid were possibly associated with the electronics factories around the lake. A risk assessment showed that no sampling site was classified as high risk. However, ofloxacin, salicylic acid, difenoconazole, dichlorvos, 4-nitrophenol, bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and carbaryl posed moderate risks to the environment in wet season. Ofloxacin, difenoconazole, dichlorvos, carbaryl, 4-nitrophenol, salicylic acid, tetrabromobisphenol A, pentabromophenol, and octylphenol posed moderate risks in dry season. This research provides scientific guidance for periodic monitoring and regulation of contaminants of emerging concern in shallow lakes.

Microbial communities are a crucial component of soil resources and play key roles in various biogeochemical processes. However, in the process of industrialization, the operation, transformation, relocation and other activities of chemical companies inevitably subject soil microorganisms to harsh and complex chemical pressures. Additionally, single-factor biological toxicity tests are difficult to reflect the true situation of contaminated soil environments. A multi-dimensional assessment approach- integrating non-target screening via HPLC-HRMS and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology with molecular ecological network analysis- was utilized to investigate and compare the soil microbial community structure and composition across seven distinct contaminated sites in China. Additionally, we explored the interactions among microbial species and analyzed the correlations between microorganisms and environmental factors. Phthalates, biphenyls, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anilines, and phenols were predominant in soil samples, with PAHs serving as the typical representative pollutants across seven contaminated sites. Statistical analysis revealed that Comamonas aquatica and Deltaproteobacteria showed significant positive correlations with naphthalene and benzene substituents. Aniline compounds and high-molecular-weight PAHs were primary drivers reducing soil microbial richness and community complexity. Functional prediction based on KEGG and COG indicates that soil microbiomes at different contaminated sites adapt to chemical pollution and remodel community functions through an integrated membrane transport-regulation-catabolism response, characterized by site-specific enrichment of efflux pumps, transport systems, and xenobiotic degradation pathways. This work provides valuable data and scientific support for management of emerging contaminants in chemically contaminated soil.

Pesticide manufacturing industry wastewater is a complex mixture of potentially harmful components. If not properly treated, discharged effluents may pose serious risks to environment and organisms. In this study, influent and effluent wastewater samples from a pesticide factory were comprehensively non-screened by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, coupled with zebrafish embryo toxicity testing to assess whole effluent toxicity. A total of eight chemical groups were identified, including pesticides, antibiotics, nitrogen compounds, ketones, esters, amines and derivatives, other drugs, and other organic compounds. While wastewater treatment processes reduced most of the analyzed groups of compounds, compounds (e.g., 2-aminophenol, N-Nitrosodipropylamine, and carbamazepine) increased during the treatments. The influent samples were more toxic to zebrafish than the effluent samples in terms of lethality, teratogenic effects, developmental impacts, locomotor behavior, and neurotoxicity. The results showed that locomotor behavior was the most sensitive phenotypic toxicity endpoint, with significantly higher sensitivity than traditional acute lethal or teratogenic endpoints. Through a multi-dimensional assessment approach combining chemical screening, literature-based, risk ranking, and targeted quantification, we identified three predominant pesticide residues in the wastewater samples (both influents and effluents): hexaconazole, fenobucarb and isoprocarb. All three compounds exhibited additive or synergistic toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to ≥0.08% influent or ≥2% effluent increased inflammation (interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β), oxidative stress (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-Sod), apoptosis (tumor protein p53, p53), and significantly impaired neurodevelopment in zebrafish larvae by altering the expression of sonic hedgehog a (shha), synapsin IIa (syn2a), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap). This study suggests the necessity of incorporating non-apical endpoint (locomotor behavior) into whole effluent toxicity test, as this approach is essential for reducing the environmental risks posed by pesticide factory wastewater.

Heavy metal contamination is caused due to several natural and anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals in the water and soil are responsible for various toxic effects on human health, including liver damage, kidney failure and cancer etc. There are several methods available for the synthesis of metal organic framework adsorbent, such as hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, microwave-assisted and mechanochemical and some green routes based on integrating with biological waste materials. The heavy metal removal efficiency of metal organic frameworks can be enhanced by the functionalization of the adsorbent. Functionalization increases the surface binding sites for the heavy metal ions. Several functionalization methods, such as amino functionalization, thiol grafting and biopolymer composite, etc, are applied. The adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic modeling play an important role in describing the mechanism of heavy metal removal. This review provides a comprehensive integration of metal – organic framework (MOF) synthesis strategies, functionalization approaches, and adsorption modeling, offering a consolidated framework for advancing sustainable technologies in heavy metal remediation. It specifically focuses on MOF synthesis methods, their applications in heavy metal removal, and the mathematical models used to describe the adsorption of heavy metal ions.

With the restrictions on bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol analogues (BPs) have become prevalent in the environment and organisms. Diet is a major route for human exposed to BPs, and seafood is a significant dietary component, particularly for coastal residents. We collected 31 seafood samples from the largest seafood market in Lianyungang and detected 11 BPs. The total BPs concentration (excluding two with low detectability) in seafood ranged from 0.54 to 39.65 μg/kg dry weight. Shellfish exhibited the highest levels of these compounds. Noteworthy variations were observed in both the quantity and the profile of BPs across different species, with BPA and bisphenol S (BPS) emerging as the predominant constituents. Some other BPs, such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol AF (BPAF), also have high residual levels. Utilizing the dietary survey results of local residents, we then assessed the exposure levels to BPs through the intake of seafood. Our analysis revealed that the cumulative average daily oral exposure to nine BPs from the consumption of four types of seafood sample was 2.07 ng/kg bw/day. Notably, marine fish were the primary source of BP exposure, contributing to 43.59 % of the total BPs intake. Additionally, our research has shown that BPA exposure poses significant health risks to the general public, with a calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) of 3.67, which exceeds the risk control threshold of 1. This underscores the urgent need to implement strategies that protect individuals from excessive BPA intake through seafood consumption.

Nanoplastics pollution has become a significant environmental concern, particularly regarding its effects on soil ecosystems. This study investigates the vertical transport of europium-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics (Eu-NPs) in three distinct natural soils: high-calcium soil (HCS), red soil (RS), and black soil (BS). Leaching column experiments were conducted under simulated rainfall conditions to assess Eu-NP mobility, with concentrations quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results revealed that Eu-NPs exhibited the greatest mobility in HCS, with vertical transport reaching 18 cm after three years of simulated rainfall. In contrast, RS and BS showed minimal transport, with maximum distances of 4 cm and 2 cm, respectively. Temperature fluctuations were found to influence Eu-NPs transport, particularly in HCS, where higher temperatures reduced migration, likely due to enhanced agglomeration. Alternating wet-dry cycles further increased Eu-NP mobility in HCS, while minimal effects were observed in RS and BS. These findings underscore the complex interplay between soil physicochemical properties and environmental factors in governing nanoplastics transport. The study provides important insights into the environmental fate of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) in natural soils and contributes to bridging the knowledge gap between controlled laboratory assessments and real-world environmental conditions.

Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, has garnered significant attention in environmental science and policy. BPA can enter the aquatic environment through different routes, posing potential risks even at a low concentration. In this study, a four-compartment system [water, sediment, biota (zebrafish), and submerged aquatic vegetation (Vallisneria natans)] of a point source continuous discharge microcosm was established to investigate the distribution and fate of BPA in an aquatic microcosm. The fugacity model generated predicted values were highly consistent with those of the experiments. The distribution of BPA in the model indicates that sediment was the dominant sink. The residence time of reaction and advection was 5.8 and 75.2 d, respectively, which showed that BPA was mainly removed from the aquatic microcosm through the reaction in biota (58 %). Sensitivity analysis revealed that emission data were the most influential parameters for the model output. Transfer processes between the water and biota phases had a closer relationship. This study provides technical support for pollution source management and risk assessment for BPA.

A total of 17 groups of wastewaters from the chemical industrial parks and matched receiving river waters were collected in the east of China. The measured total concentrations of 21 analyzed PFAS analogues (∑21PFAS) in the influents and effluents of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were in the range of 0.172–20.6 μg/L (mean: 18.2 μg/L, median: 3.9 μg/L) and 0.167–93.6 μg/L (mean: 10.8 μg/L, median: 1.12 μg/L), respectively, which were significantly higher than those observed in the upstream (range: 0.0158–7.05 μg/L, mean: 1.09 μg/L, median: 0.482 μg/L) and downstream (range: 0.0237–1.82 μg/L, mean: 0.697 μg/L, median: 0.774 μg/L) receiving waters. Despite the concentrations and composition profiles of PFAS varied in the water samples from different sampling sites, PFOA was generally the major PFAS analogue in the research areas, mainly due to the history of PFOA production and usage as well as the specific exemptions. The calculated concentration ratios of the short-chain PFCAs and PFSAs to their respective predecessors (PFOA and PFOS) in most of the samples far exceeded 1, indicating a shift from legacy PFOA and PFOS to short-chain PFAS in the research areas. Correlation network analysis and the calculated concentration ratios of PFAS in the effluents versus influents indicated transformation may have occurred during the water treatment processes and PFAS could not be efficiently removed in the WWTPs. Wastewater discharge of chemical industrial parks is a vital source of PFAS dispersed into the aquatic environment.

Brominated flame retardants, considered emerging contaminants, are widespread and persist in the environment. This study investigated the contamination of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in paired outdoor settled dusts and pine needles sampled from a megacity in the Eastern China. The measured total concentrations of PBDEs (& sum;27PBDEs) in outdoor settled dusts and pine needles were in the range of 77.4-345.2 ng/g dw and 20.7-120.0 ng/g dw, respectively, and equivalent ranges for novel brominated flame retardants (& sum;(11)NBFRs) were 25.7-1917.2 ng/g dw and 9.4-38.7 ng/g dw, respectively. BDE-209 and DBDPE dominated PBDEs and NBFRs profiles, respectively, in both dusts and pine needles. Outdoor settled dusts exhibited greater potentials to accumulate high-brominated PBDE homologues and EH-TBB while pine needles tended to accumulate low-brominated PBDE homologues, BTBPE and TBC. The plant uptake of BFRs was interpreted by McLachlan's framework on the assumption that the levels of BFRs in outdoor settled dusts and particle phase of air were positively correlated. The accumulation of PBDEs in pine needles was dominated by equilibrium partitioning between the vegetation and the gas phase when log K-OA values <10 and by particle-bound deposition when log K-OA values >13. However, NBFRs exhibited more complicated accumulation behavior. The predicted 50th percentile of the estimated daily intakes of & sum;27PBDEs via outdoor settled dusts exposure for adults and children were 3.5 x 10(-2) and 1.4 x 10(-1) ng/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively, and equivalent values for & sum;(11)NBFRs were 1.6 x 10(-2) ng/kg bw/day and 6.3 x 10(-2) ng/kg bw/day, respectively. The calculated hazard index (HI) values were far <1, indicating exposure of BFRs via outdoor settled dust intake would not pose potential non-carcinogenic health risks to both adults and children.

Distribution and removal of chemicals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have mainly relied on mathematical models. Existing exposure assessment models such as SimpleTreat, STPWIN are based on conventional activated sludge processes. There is an urgent need to develop an A2/O-based WWTPs exposure assessment model. Organophosphates (OPEs) have different physical and chemical properties and potential environmental risks. The fate and biodegradation kinetics of three types of OPEs, including alkyl OPEs, chlorinated OPEs and triphenyl ester OPEs, were studied in a laboratory-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2/O) sewage treatment system and batch reactors. The three types of OPEs had different anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic removal characteristics. A compensation mechanism was found between anaerobic and anoxic/aerobic removal. When the hydraulic retention time decreased from 82 to 20.5 h, the removal efficiencies in the anaerobic unit decreased, while those in the anoxic unit increased; as a result, the total removal efficiencies remained high (> 80%) for all OPEs except triphenyl phosphate (65.5%–75.1%). The concept of effective sludge concentration (MLSSeff) was proposed to illustrate the compensation mechanism and calibrate the second-order kinetic equation for predicting pollutant removal in the A2/O system: MLSSeff = ken × MLSS, where ken is a constant related to the influent total organic carbon content (TOC). The influent TOC contents of the anoxic and aerobic units affected the value of MLSSeff and OPEs removal. The results are of great significance for assessing OPEs exposure and predicting exposure to emerging micropollutants in sewage treatment systems.

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a group of compounds widespread in the environment. To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs, surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The total concentrations of 11 analyzed PAEs (∑11PAEs) in the collected water samples ranging from 197.7 to 1,409.3 ng/L (mean ± IQR: 583.1 ± 308.4 ng/L). While DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE, DnBP and DnNP were the most predominant PAEs in the analyzed water samples with a mean contribution of 63.3% of the ∑11PAEs. The concentrations of the ∑11PAEs in the water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those from the middle reaches. To better understand the transport and fate of the PAEs, seven detected PAEs were modeled by Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI). The simulated and measured values were close for most PAEs, and differences are within one order of magnitude even for the worst one. For all simulated PAEs, water and particle inflow were main sources in the reservoir, whereas water outflow and degradation in water were important removal pathways. The contribution ratios of different sources/losses varied from PAEs, depending on their properties. The calculated risk quotients of DnNP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area whether based on monitoring or simulating results were all far exceeded the safety threshold value, implying the occurrence of this PAE compound may cause potential adverse effects for the aquatic ecology of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Particle/gas (P/G) partitioning can significantly affect the environmental behavior of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we established a large-scale level IV fugacity-based multimedia model (the S-L4MF Model) based on the steady-state P/G partitioning theory. The spatial and temporal trends with the atmospheric contamination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in northeastern China under various climate conditions were simulated by the model. There is a reasonable agreement between the simulated and measured gaseous and particulate concentrations of 3 selected PBDE congeners (BDE-47,-99 and-209). For BDE-47,-99 and-209, 91.9 %, 94.8 % and 86.2 % of data points in the evaluation of the spatial trend, whereas 97.4 %, 98.2 % and 91.6 % of data points in the evaluation of the temporal trend, exhibit discrepancies between the modeled and measured data within 1 order of magnitude. The S-L4MF Model performed better than the other model with the same configuration but an equilibrium-state P/G partitioning assumption. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis indicated that the air temperature and hexadecane-air partition coefficient were the dominant influencing factors on atmospheric concentrations. In addition, the model was successfully applied to study the inter-annual and seasonal variations of gaseous and particulate concentrations of the three PBDEs during 1971-2020 in Harbin, a northeastern Chinese city. Finally, we illustrated the potential to use the model to understand P/G partitioning behavior and the effects of snow and ice on atmospheric concentrations. In summary, the S-L4MF Model pro-vided a powerful and effective tool for studying the environmental behavior of atmospheric organic pollutants, especially in cold regions.

FDA reported a HPHCs (Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents) list for tobacco products and tobacco smoke in 2012, which contained six carcinogenic aromatic amines (AAs). In this work, a sulfonated covalent triazine frameworks (CTF-SO3H) material was synthesized and used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) absorbent for highly effective enrichment and determination of six carcinogenic AAs in cigarette mainstream smoke (MSS), coupled with HPLC-MS/MS technique. The CTF-SO3H material was prepared with a rapid and facile method, which was superior to the general methods. The characterization with Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm experiment, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM), etc, indicated that the CTFSO3H material possessed sulfonic acid groups and abundant microporous structure. And the CTF-SO3H material showed good enrichment effect for AAs due to the synergistic effect of 7C-7C stacking and electrostatic interactions. Limits of detection (LODs) of 6 AAs with the developed method were in the range of 0.01-0.11 ng cig  1. Recoveries of 6 AAs were between 80.40% and 106.00%, while the intra-day and inter-day precisions were good (i. e. RSDintra <= 6.40%, RSDinter <= 9.90%). Commercial cigarette MSS samples were analyzed with the developed method, and a commercial cation exchange SPE column was chosen for comparison. Results obtained by two methods showed a good consistency. However, the CTF-SO3H material needed less dosage, even could be reused for 4 times. Thus, the developed method not only showed high enrichment efficiency, but also was economical.

A variety of chemicals discharged into the aquatic environment by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), which is a potential source of hazard to the ecological environment and human health. This study established a novel analytical method for all compounds using non-targeted screening to comprehensively explore the fate and transport of organic compounds from WWTP to aquatic environment. 3967 and 3636 features were detected in WWTP samples and river samples, respectively. Multi-level classification was applied to all identified compounds, and results showed that aliphatics were dominant in both abundance and response, accounting for an average of 35.49 % and 74.10 %, respectively. A total of 88 Emerging Contaminants (ECs), including 22 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), 12 pesticides, 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 5 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and 27 chemicals with other uses, were identified from all compounds, and their traceability analysis was performed. Furthermore, the contribution rate of organic compounds from WWTP effluent to river was calculated to be 33.60 % by the analysis of source-sink relationship. An in-depth and comprehensive exploration of the fate and transport of all organic compounds will help to provide guidelines for the treatment technologies and achieve the traceability of pollutants.

Understanding the environmental and human impacts associated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) exposure from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) is challenging because information on ambient and dietary exposure levels, spatial characteristics, and potential exposure routes is limited. In this study, 20 households from two villages located on the upwind and downwind sides of a MSWI were selected to characterize the concentration and spatial distribution of PCDD/F and DL-PCB compounds in ambient and food samples, such as dust, air, soil, chicken, egg, and rice samples. The source of exposure was identified using congener profiles and principal component analysis. Overall, the dust and rice samples had the highest and lowest mean dioxin concentrations, respectively. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.01) in PCDD/F concentrations in chicken samples and DL-PCB concentrations in rice and air samples between the upwind and downwind villages. The exposure assessment indicated that the primary risk source was dietary exposure, especially from eggs, which had a PCDD/F toxic equivalency (TEQ) range of 0.31-14.38 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/day, leading to adults in one household and children in two households exceeding the World Health Organization-defined threshold of 4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. Chicken was the main contributor to the differences between upwind and downwind exposure. Based on the established congener profiles, the exposure routes of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs from the environment to food to humans were clarified.

Abstract Background Exposure to organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs) is widespread in general population. Emerging studies revealed OPFRs have endocrine disturbing property. However, research investigating OPFRs exposure, obesity and serum lipid profiles is limited. We aim to evaluate the association between urinary metabolites of OPFRs, BMI, and serum lipid profiles. Methods Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 was obtained. 1334 adults were enrolled in the current study. Urinary concentrations of bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were quantified to assess OPFRs exposure. Covariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were conducted to explore the associations between log2-transformed concentrations of OPFRs metabolites, BMI, obesity and serum lipid profiles. Stratified analyses were performed to assess the heterogeneity of associations by age, gender, race, etc. Results Increased urinary concentrations of BCEP and BDCPP were positively associated with 0.27 (95% CI: 0.02–0.52, p = 0.0338) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.25–0.87, p = 0.0004) higher BMI value, respectively. One log2-unit increase in urinary BCEP concentrations was associated with 10% higher risk for developing obesity (95% CI: 1.02–1.18, p = 0.0096). Additionally, one log2-unit increase in BDCPP was associated with 19% higher risk for obesity (95% CI: 1.09–1.30, p = 0.0001). Multivariable linear regression showed urinary DPHP concentrations were inversely correlated with serum TG levels (β=-7.41, 95% CI: -12.13 to -2.68, p = 0.0022). Conclusion Environmental exposure to OPFRs might contribute to obesity and dysregulated serum lipid in adults. Future prospective researches are warranted to confirm the causal relationship between metabolites of OPFRs and obesity.

Surface soil and river sediment samples were collected from the downstream of Chuhe River basin, East China, to investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The respective concentrations of BDE-209 and nine NBFRs ranged from n.d. to 41.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) and from 0.35 to 362.78 ng/g dw in the collected surface soil samples and ranged from 0.29 to 19.73 ng/g dw and from 0.70 to 66.83 ng/g dw in the collected river sediment samples. Soil samples exhibited a higher potential to accumulate BTBPE while the relative abundance of PBT in the collected sediment samples was significantly higher than that in soils. Even so, BTBPE was the predominant NBFR in both soil and sediment samples. The concentrations and relative abundances of legacy and NBFRs exhibited large spatial variation. The calculated concentration ratios of the total of the nine NBFRs (∑ 9 NBFRs) to BDE-209 (∑ 9 NBFRs/BDE-209) in most of the analyzed samples far exceeded 1, implying a clear shift from legacy brominated flame retardants to NBFRs in the downstream of Chuhe River basin.

围绕国家化学物质环境风险管控与新污染物治理需求,针对重点行业(制药、印染、涂料行业)有毒有害物质多维度环境排放测算难题,在国家重点研发计划"场地土壤污染成因与治理技术"重点专项的支持下,生态环境部南京环境科学研究所承担完成"重点行业有毒有害物质排放场景与定量估算方法"项目(项目编号:2018YFC1801500).项目实现了基于行业排放场景的源排放测算理论和方法创新、基于环境全过程的有毒有害物质暴露预测技术创新,发明了基于聚磷腈微纳材料的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)抗熔滴阻燃替代技术与产品,并进入试生产阶段,同时实现了有毒有害物质风险评估管理与新污染物治理应用创新.基于项目成果,编制并提交《加强化学物质生态毒理环境标准体系建设的建议》《制药行业有毒有害物质排放风险分级管理政策建议》等多份政策建议并得到相关领导的批示,参与编写国家《新污染物治理行动方案》(国办发[2022] 15号)并将相关成果纳入国家新污染物治理体系建设.

Currently, there is an urgent need to remediate heavy metals (HMs) and high alkalinity in the washing solution of fly ash (FA). This study investigated the remediation with simulated exhaust gases of two CO2 partial pressure and revealed the removal efficiency of target pollutants, mainly including Pb ions. The results verify that under the preferred conditions of 25 °C and 15 mL/min flow rate, bubbling two kinds of simulated flue gases could efficiently remove 97.9–99.2% of Pb ions. Moreover, the initial 40 min removal of Pb ions fits in a way with a pseudo-first-order equation. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, we infer that the removal of Pb ions was a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-decreasing process. Furthermore, residual HMs and terminal pH after remediation of the FA washing solution basically met the regulatory threshold values of the integrated wastewater discharge standard in China (GB 8978−1996). Additionally, the particles obtained from the washing solution of FA were identified as CaCO3, which was mainly composed of vaterite and calcite crystalline. This study provides a fundamental guide for remediating multiple pollutants in the washing solution of FA and simultaneously sequestrating carbon emissions from power plants and industries.