Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great potential as disease biomarkers due to their ubiquity, high stability, and rich biomolecular cargo, but their clinical translation hinges on simple yet efficient isolation. Here, immunomicrosphere-assisted inertial flow microfluidics (IM-IFM) is presented for high-throughput, high-purity EV isolation from whole blood, enabling subsequent proteomic profiling. The IM-IFM first converts nanoscale EVs into microscale PSMSs@EVs complexes using antibody-conjugated polystyrene microspheres (PSMSs) and then directly isolates EVs from whole blood based on inertial focusing effects. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can isolate EVs from 2 mL of whole blood within 1 h while minimizing nonspecific adsorption. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics confirmed the EV-specific origin of isolated proteins while demonstrating a similar depth of coverage and a superior performance in removing high-abundance plasma proteins comparable to that of the conventional UC method. Clinically, proteomic analysis of IM-IFM-isolated EVs from gastric cancer (GC) patient blood identified multiple GC-associated protein biomarkers such as POSTN, demonstrating its utility for noninvasive cancer diagnostics. This strategy combines the specificity of immunocapture with the efficiency of inertial microfluidics, offering great potential for advancing EV-based liquid biopsy and precision medicine applications.

The high-purity and low-loss reacquisition of viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is crucial for enabling downstream omics analysis of CTCs and currently represents key challenges limiting their application in clinical diagnosis and pathological research. Given the limitations of traditional methods that rely solely on a molecular or mechanical phenotype for CTCs acquisition, this study introduces an innovative approach that fuses the inherent molecular and mechanical phenotypes of CTCs into a new mechanical phenotype, thereby achieving high-purity preconcentration and low-loss reacquisition of CTCs. Specifically, CTCs in blood are immunomodified using calcium carbonate microspheres (CCMSs) conjugated with antibodies, transforming the molecular phenotype (membrane protein expression) into an additional mechanical phenotype (increased size and reduced deformability). This transformation enhances the mechanical phenotype distinctions between CTCs and white blood cells, enabling high-purity preconcentration of CTCs on a single-cell trapping array chip. Since CCMSs can be reversibly eliminated under weak acid, captured CTCs can be nondestructively reacquired with 93.10% in microliter-scale solution, allowing for subsequent omics analysis. In a breast cancer mouse model, the counts and transcriptome analysis of CTCs provide valuable insights into assessing tumor occurrence and progression.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disease that can lead to a wide range of complications and impose a significant economic burden to society. Frailty is a disease associated with the accumulation of health deficits that may affect the quality of life of T2DM patients. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study explores the bidirectional causality between T2DM and frailty. All the data was available online at the IEU OpenGWAS project for this study, with the original data for T2DM coming from the pooled statistics of 468,298 participants in the UK biobank, and for frailty from the pooled summary statistics of a total of 175,226 participants in the UK biobank and Swedish TwinGene. The populations were all of European ancestry. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main analytical method for assessing the causal effects of exposure and outcome, in addition, we also complemented weighted median and MR-Egger methods. Heterogeneity tests were performed with Cochran Q statistic and I2 statistic, and horizontal pleiotropy tests were detected through an intercept term in the MR-Egger regression model and MR-PRESSO. A sensitivity analysis was further performed with the leave-one-out method to estimate the impact of individual genetic variants on the overall outcomes. At the gene level, we identified 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM and 14 SNPs associated with frailty for MR analysis. In the bidirectional MR analysis, the MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO revealed no horizontal pleiotropy (P > .05), while significant heterogeneities were found by the heterogeneity test (P < .05). IVW results showed that frailty significantly increased the risk of T2DM (OR = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66-3.26, P < .001), and the similar result existed in the reverse MR analysis (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.06, P < .001). A bidirectional causal relationship exists between T2DM and frailty, with intervention for either disease reducing the risk of the other.

Background and Aims:Observational studies frequently report co-occurrence between endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disease (ENMD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, the causal properties between them remain poorly defined. Our aim in this study was to investigate the causal effect of ENMD on PTB using Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods:We obtained single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to ENMD, ENMD-related diseases, and clinical features, as well as PTB, from the IEU OpenGWAS project. Inverse variance weighting was used as the primary analytical method, complemented by Weighted median and MR-Egger regression to assess their causal relationship. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were assessed using Cochran's Q test and MR regression intercepts. The robustness of the results is evaluated by sensitivity analysis leave-one-out and MR-PRESSO. Results:The inverse variance weighting analyses indicated that ENMD significantly increased the risk of PTB (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.18-1.68, p < 0.001) after removing outliers. Interestingly, at the genetic level of European ancestry, there is no evidence of increased risk of PTB with T2DM (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.12, p = 0.10), whereas high cholesterol (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.79, p < 0.05), BMI (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88, p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with the risk of PTB, and LDL-c showed a weak inverse correlation with PTB (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99, p = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion:This MR study provides novel genetic evidence that ENMD significantly elevates PTB risk. Notably, high cholesterol, BMI, and LDL-c exhibit protective effects against PTB at the genetic level in European ancestry, while T2DM shows no causal association. These findings highlight the complex role of metabolic factors in tuberculosis susceptibility and suggest potential biological mechanisms linking metabolic dysregulation to PTB pathogenesis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is predisposing to the development of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). An understanding of the underlying factors of LTBI-DM is important for tuberculosis prevention and control. This study aims to evaluate the association between LTBI and DM among the noninstitutionalized civilian population in the United States, focusing on the impact of serum globulins. We performed a cross-sectional study design using public data from 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, focusing on participants diagnosed with LTBI who were aged 20 and above. Weighted Wilcoxon rank-sum and weighted chi-square tests were used to compare group differences. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to assess the association between serum globulin and DM, with subgroup analyses and evaluations of nonlinear relationships. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive power of the models. A total of 694 participants (512 DM and 182 nonDM) were included in our study and the incidence of DM was 22%. Higher serum globulin levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of DM, with a 21% increase in risk for each unit increase in serum globulin (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [1.03, 1.43], P < .001). The relationship between serum globulin and DM was linear, and higher serum globulin levels were associated with a higher risk of DM, particularly in males (P = .043) and obese individuals (P = .019). The area under the curve for serum globulin predicting DM was 0.795, with an optimal cutoff value of 2.9. Elevated serum globulin levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of DM among individuals with LTBI, highlighting the potential role of serum globulin as a predictive biomarker for DM in this population. However, the specific mechanism between globulin and LTBI-DM needs to be further investigated.

Physical activity (PA) was strongly associated with health status, with fewer related studies in adolescents (12–19 years). Most current studies using questionnaires to assess PA levels were not objective enough. So, this study used a wearable device to assess PA levels quantitatively and focused on the association between PA levels and self-reported 4 health status among adolescents. Data were obtained from adolescents (2241) with both PA and health status assessments from two cycles of NHANES, 2011–2014, using a wearable accelerometer-based device to assess PA levels quantitatively, MIMS-units as the metric, averaging over all valid days of wear (MIMS-units average). There were 4 health statuses, including (1) whether or not flu, pneumonia, or ear infection, (2) whether or not stomach or intestinal illness, (3) whether or not head cold or chest cold, and (4) general health condition, from the past 30 days self-reported. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the 4 health statuses and the MIMS-units average and MIMS-units average quartiles respectively. Subgroup analyses were also conducted on age, sex, BMI, and race. After controlling confounding factors, there was no significant correlation between the MIMS-units average and the four physical health conditions in Table 3 model 3. While MIMS-units average quartiles results showed that compared to lower PA levels (Q1), higher PA levels (Q4) were linked to a lower incidence of “flu”(OR = 0.94, 95

Background Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for cerebral hemorrhage, despite not being included in current guideline recommendations. Investigating the underlying physiological and pathological mechanisms of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide in cerebral hemorrhage treatment remains a critical area of research. Objective This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide in cerebral hemorrhage treatment and elucidate its potential biological mechanisms, thereby providing evidence to support treatment optimization. Methods A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang Database) was conducted for studies published up to September 2023. Screening and data extraction were performed by a team of researchers. The Cochrane collaboration tool was utilized for risk bias assessment, and Revman 5.3 along with Stata 17.0 were employed for statistical analysis. Outcomes We searched 254 literature, and 19 were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide improved the clinical efficacy rate (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.31; p = 0.00), quality of life (MD = 13.93, 95% CI: 11.88-15.98; p = 0.000), increased cerebral blood flow and velocity, reduced cerebral edema volume, Hcy concentration, and did not have obvious adverse reactions (RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.39-1.18; p = 0.10). Conclusion This meta-analysis is the first to demonstrate the potential of Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide in treating cerebral hemorrhage. It suggests that Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide may alleviate clinical symptoms by modulating neurological function and improving hemodynamics. Our findings provide robust evidence for incorporating Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide into cerebral hemorrhage treatment strategies, potentially guiding future clinical practice and research. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ display_record.php?RecordID=355114, Identifier CRD42022355114.

As one of the important physiological signals of the human body, changes in respiration can provide an important reference for human health and is an early warning signal for some chronic respiratory diseases on heart or lung diseases. Usually, doctors combine such changes with electrocardiograph (ECG), electroencephalograph (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG) results of the patient to make a comprehensive analysis and judgment of the condition. Traditional respiratory monitoring methods have the limitation that portability and accuracy cannot be balanced; while the wearable respiratory monitoring sensors have come into the public's view due to their excellent performances, such as light weight, fast response, not interfering with the subject's daily movement, and maintaining excellent measurement accuracy, which provide more possibilities for the improvement of the performances of the wearable devices applied in the early stage of chronic diseases.

Renal dysfunction can lead to insulin resistance and increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (NCR) is a frequently used indicator to assess renal dysfunction and differentiate between prerenal and intrinsic renal injury. However, the association between NCR and T2DM in the Chinese population remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between NCR and the incidence of T2DM in the Chinese population. The relationship between NCR and T2DM was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model and curve fitting techniques. In addition, a comprehensive set of sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. All results were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Between 2010 and 2016, 189,416 Chinese people were recruited from the Rich Healthcare Group for this retrospective cohort study. Of the participants, 3755 (19.8%) were diagnosed with T2DM during the follow-up period. After full adjustment, the Cox proportional hazards model revealed a positive connection between NCR and the incidence of T2DM (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P < .001). Compared with individuals with lower NCR Q1 (≤13.536), the multivariate HR for NCR and T2DM in Q2 (13.536-16.256), Q3 (16.256-19.638), Q4 (>19.638) were 1.08 (0.98-1.19), 1.16 (1.05-1.28), 1.39 (1.26-1.53). The higher NCR groups (≥20) had a higher ratio of T2DM (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38, P < .001) than the lowest NCR group (<20). These findings were validated using sensitivity and subgroup analyses. In conclusion, this study found a positive and independent association between NCR and the incidence of T2DM after adjusting for confounding variables.

Methylation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a post-transcriptional modification that affects miRNA activity by altering the specificity of miRNAs to target mRNAs. Abnormal methylation of miRNAs in cancer suggests their potential as a tumor marker. However, the traditional methylated miRNA detection mainly includes mass spectrometry, sequencing and others; complex procedures and reliance on large instruments greatly limit their application in point-of-care testing (POCT). Based on this, we developed DNAzyme-RCA-based gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays to achieve convenient detection of exosomal 5-methylcytosine miRNA-21 (m5C-miRNA-21) for the first time. The two assays achieved specific recognition and linear amplification of m5C-miRNA-21 through the DNAzyme triggered RCA reaction and color output with low background interference through AuNP aggregation induced by base complementary pairing. The lowest concentration of m5C-miRNA-21 visible to the naked eye of the two assays can reach 1 pM and 0.1 pM, respectively. Detection of exosomal m5C-miRNA-21 in clinical blood samples showed that the expression level of m5C-miRNA-21 in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. This approach not only demonstrates a new strategy for the detection of colorectal cancer but also provides a reference for the development of novel diagnostic tools for other miRNA methylation-related diseases.

Background: Dihydropteridone derivatives represent a novel class of PLK1 inhibitors, exhibiting promising anticancer activity and potential as chemotherapeutic drugs for glioblastoma. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop 2D and 3D-QSAR models to validate the anticancer activity of dihydropteridone derivatives and identify optimal structural characteristics for the design of new therapeutic agents. Methods: The Heuristic method (HM) was employed to construct a 2D-linear QSAR model, while the gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm was utilized to develop a 2D-nonlinear QSAR model. Additionally, the CoMSIA approach was introduced to investigate the impact of drug structure on activity. A total of 200 novel anti-glioma dihydropteridone compounds were designed, and their activity levels were predicted using chemical descriptors and molecular field maps. The compounds with the highest activity were subjected to molecular docking to confirm their binding affinity. Results: Within the analytical purview, the coefficient of determination (R2) for the HM linear model is elucidated at 0.6682, accompanied by an R2 cv of 0.5669 and a residual sum of squares (S2) of 0.0199. The GEP nonlinear model delineates coefficients of determination for the training and validation sets at 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. Empirical modeling outcomes underscore the preeminence of the 3D-QSAR model, succeeded by the GEP nonlinear model, whilst the HM linear model manifested suboptimal efficacy. The 3D paradigm evinced an exemplary fit, characterized by formidable Q2 (0.628) and R2 (0.928) values, complemented by an impressive F-value (12.194) and a minimized standard error of estimate (SEE) at 0.160. The most significant molecular descriptor in the 2D model, which included six descriptors, was identified as "Min exchange energy for a C-N bond" (MECN). By combining the MECN descriptor with the hydrophobic field, suggestions for the creation of novel medications were generated. This led to the identification of compound 21E.153, a novel dihydropteridone derivative, which exhibited outstanding antitumor properties and docking capabilities. Conclusion: The development of 2D and 3D-QSAR models, along with the innovative integration of contour maps and molecular descriptors, offer novel concepts and techniques for the design of glioblastoma chemotherapeutic agents.

Since biomolecules change dynamically with tumor evolution and drug treatment, it is necessary to confirm target molecule expression in real time for effective guidance of subsequent chemotherapy treatment. However, current methods to confirm target proteins require complex processing steps and invasive tissue biopsies, limiting their clinical utility for targeted treatment monitoring. Here, CTCs, as a promising liquid biopsy source, were used to molecularly characterize the target protein HER2. To accurately identify CTCs, we specifically proposed a combined molecular and morphological imaging method, rather than using specific biomarker alone or morphology analysis, we identified CTCs as CK19+/CD45-/HE+. On the basis of the accurate identification of CTCs, we further analyzed the target protein HER2 in clinical patients at the single-CTC level. Comparative analysis of the clinical results of patient pathological tissue and paired blood samples showed that CTCs had a heterogeneous HER2 expression at the single-cell level and showed results inconsistent with the immunohistochemistry results in some cases. CTC-based analysis could help clinicians have a more comprehensive understanding of patient target protein expression. We believe that CTC-based target protein studies are of great significance for the precise management of targeted therapy.

Review question / Objective: All clinical randomized controlled studies on the use of complementary and alternative therapies (acupuncture, massage, Tai Chi, yoga and traditional Chinese medicine ironing) in the treatment of post-stroke hemiplegia published since the establishment of the database.There is a precise control group in the test, and the sample size of the test group is ≥ 30 cases.It is limited to published Chinese and English literature.Diagnostic criteria of patients studied in the literature (patients who meet one of the diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine and have clinical symptoms of hemiplegia).Intervention measures 1.The control group was given conventional western medicine or other treatment.Another treatment refers to any drug treatment and non-drug treatment other than traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage and Tai Chi.2.The observation group was treated with acupuncture, massage, Tai Chi, yoga and traditional Chinese medicine ironing based on basic therapy; Other interventions used in the treatment group and the control group were the same, and There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline.Outcomes The leading indicators include Fugl-Meyer balance function assessment (FMA), Holden walking function assessment scale, improved Lovett muscle strength measurement method, and the secondary indicators include Barthel index assessment scale and other indicators.

Review question / Objective: Inclusion criterias Types of Studies The included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture as an adjuvant treatment for hydrocephalus in children.There are no language restrictions and publication date restrictions.Type of patients Children under the age of 18, regardless of gender or race.All the patients were diagnosed as pediatric hydrocephalus by MRI or CT, which met the diagnostic criteria of Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS).Type of invention The observation group received routine treatment combined with acupuncture.Regular treatment included drug treatment (acetazolamide, furosemide) and surgical treatment (ETV treatment, VPS treatment).Type of control The control group received routine treatment.Type of outcomes Main outcomes and secondary outcomes.The main outcomes were the overall effective rate and the incidence of infection.The secondary outcomes were cerebrospinal fluid leakage, secondary surgery and adverse events.Exclusion criterias Age groups were not mentioned.Repeated report study Research with defective research design and poor quality The literature types are review, letter and conference paper Studies with incomplete data and unclear outcome effects Animal experimental research.

以五藏的功能性质和执行结构为线索,以太阳和地球授时因子为重要参考,梳理《时间药理学与时间治疗学》等时间生物学的实验结果和观察资料可知,五藏功能节律的启动结构是下丘脑视交叉上核,反相结构主要是松果体,协动结构主要是下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴、下丘脑—垂体—甲状腺轴、下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴.除了执行结构,人体还存在大量观察指标证明五藏功能的节律性.启动结构使五藏功能的节律相位比太阳授时因子延迟1/8周期,反相结构使五藏功能的节律相位比启动结构延迟1/2周期,协动结构使脾、肺、肾、肝、心五藏功能的节律相位依次分布于15:00(立秋)、21:00(立冬)、3:00(立春)、9:00(立夏)、15:00(立秋),与四季的气候特点湿、燥、寒、风、热完全对应.

目的 对血管性痴呆近30年临床神经科学相关文献进行可视化分析,探索其主要研究方向及热点.方法 运用顺查法检索Web of Science(WOS)中1990年1月—2019年12月相关文献,应用CiteSpace 5.6.R2进行作者、机构及国家合作关系,进行关键词共现分析,对文献、期刊共被引进行可视化分析.结果 共获得6230篇文献,年均发文量207.67篇,发文量总体稳定上升,2005年和2009年为研究热点年份.文献被引频次年均增长9463.33次,2019年达到近30年引文高峰.美国、英国、瑞典、芬兰是该领域的主要研究国家.芬兰赫尔辛基大学、美国哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学是该领域的权威机构.第一高产作者为Erkinjuntti T,第一高影响力作者为Roman G C.Neurology、Arch Neurol-Chicago、Stroke是该领域核心期刊.热点关键词有脑白质病、老年性痴呆、皮质动脉硬化性脑病、阿尔茨海默症、计算机断层扫描、痴呆、中风、危险因素等,可形成9个聚类群.结论 对血管性痴呆临床神经科学方面近30年文献分析,展现当前合作的国家、机构,揭示了研究热点及方向,对其深入研究提供参考价值.

Objectives: To sort out the regional distribution characteristics of viral hepatitis B in China and Chinese medicine treatment plans, summarize the rules, and explore the regional characteristics to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making and related research. Technology or Method: Collect the electronic medical record information of 25,549 visits of 8544 patients with 117 doctors in 20 tertiary A hospitals in different regions of China. The correlation between the epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B and regional factors is analyzed, and visualization technology is used to display it. Results: After inclusion and exclusion criteria, the medical records of 2573 patients with 2573 visits were finally used as the data source of this study. After analysis, it can be seen that for the Chinese region, there are more hepatitis B patients in the south than in the north. The south is dominated by Syndrome of dampness-heat blocking collaterals, and the north is dominated by Syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency. Qinggan Lishi Decoction is commonly used in southern treatment, and Xiaoyao powder is commonly used in northern treatment. Conclusion: The incidence of viral hepatitis B has regional characteristics. Diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis B in various regions have many common features. The TCM symptoms of the disease and the distribution of TCM prescriptions have certain regularities and differences. The diagnosis and treatment plan of Chinese medicine needs to consider various factors such as climate and patient’s physical condition to achieve the best treatment effect.

Abstract Background: With the acceleration of the pace of life, the phenomenon of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is more and more common, and “psycho-cardiology” arises spontaneously. At present, the drug treatments of psycho-cardiology are difficult to achieve satisfactory results, and the side effects are obvious. Complementary and replacement therapies of CHD complicated with anxiety or depression disorder play an increasingly positive role, but there is a lack of comparison among different complementary and alternative therapies. In this study, Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) analysis method will be used for the first time to synthesize all the evidences of direct and indirect comparison among a variety of interventions, and rank their effectiveness and safety. Methods: Two independent researchers will search from the beginning to January 2021 mainly including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and closely related ongoing RCTs of complementary and alternative therapies for CHD complicated with anxiety or depression disorder. And then identify, select and extract the data. The primary outcome measures are frequency of acute attack angina, severity of angina pectoris; the changed score in the validated scales, which can assess severity of anxiety or depression. Secondary outcomes include total efficacy rate, electrocardiogram improvement, traditional Chinese medicine symptoms score, changes of dosage of nitroglycerin and adverse effects. Using softwares WinBUGS 1.4.3 and STATA 16.0 for pairwise meta-analysis and NMA to comprehensively evaluate various interventions. The quality of evidences will be evaluated through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Results: This NMA will comprehensively compare and rank the efficacy and safety of a series of complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of CHD complicated with anxiety or depression disorder. Conclusion: Supplementary and replacement therapies play an essential role in improving CHD complicated with anxiety or depression disorder. We expect that the NMA will provide reliable evidences of evidence-based medicine for treatment of CHD complicated with anxiety or depression disorder. Protocol registration number: INPLASY202120046. Ethical approval: This review does not require ethical approval.

血是人体的重要组成部分,却没有独特的功能;精、气、血、津液是中医学表达人体组成和功能的重要概念,但其对应的客观实在是什么仍未可知.本文首先根据全国高等中医药院校规划教材《中医基础理论》总结了精、气、血、津液的来源、性状、分布、相关脏腑、功能和分类等传统认识,并据以将其归于功能性五藏;其次基于中医学与生物医学都是关于人体组成和功能的全面认识,以功能性五藏的15种功能为线索,将精、气、血、津液与人体的流变结构做了对比,将精分为生殖之精、水谷之精、成形之精、化气之精和调节之精,将气分为推动之气和温煦之气,将血分为载气之血、免疫之血和摄血之血,将津液分为承载津液和润滑津液,并明确了他们的功能性质和生物学基础.通过精、气、血、津液的生物学关系,说明了这种认识的合理性.