The selection of important factors in machine learning-based susceptibility assessments is crucial to obtain reliable susceptibility results. In this study, metaheuristic optimization and feature selection techniques were applied to identify the most important input parameters for mapping debris flow susceptibility in the southern mountain area of Chengde City in Hebei Province, China, by using machine learning algorithms. In total, 133 historical debris flow records and 16 related factors were selected. The support vector machine (SVM) was first used as the base classifier, and then a hybrid model was introduced by a two-step process. First, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to select the SVM model hyperparameters. Second, two feature selection algorithms, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and PSO, were integrated into the PSO-based SVM model, which generated the PCA-PSO-SVM and FS-PSO-SVM models, respectively. Three statistical metrics (accuracy, recall, and specificity) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate and validate the performance of the models. The results indicated that the feature selection-based models exhibited the best performance, followed by the PSO-based SVM and SVM models. Moreover, the performance of the FS-PSO-SVM model was better than that of the PCA-PSO-SVM model, showing the highest AUC, accuracy, recall, and specificity values in both the training and testing processes. It was found that the selection of optimal features is crucial to improving the reliability of debris flow susceptibility assessment results. Moreover, the PSO algorithm was found to be not only an effective tool for hyperparameter optimization, but also a useful feature selection algorithm to improve prediction accuracies of debris flow susceptibility by using machine learning algorithms. The high and very high debris flow susceptibility zone appropriately covers 38.01% of the study area, where debris flow may occur under intensive human activities and heavy rainfall events.

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) geological utilization and storage (CGUS) is the key link of CO 2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The accurate characterization of the geological body structure is a vital prerequisite of CGUS. This paper gives a review of the multi-scale three-dimensional geological structure characterization and site selection of CO 2 storage. It shows that there is a lack of systematic and high-precision methods for transparency characterization of multi-scale three-dimensional engineering geological structure and hydrogeological structure of a CO 2 storage site. There is no clear understanding of the fracture evolution and gas-liquid migration process of multi-scale geological body structure under the disturbance of CO 2 injection. There is a lack of sufficient quantitative methods for the dynamic evaluation of CO 2 geological storage potential. The geological suitability evaluation method for site selection of CO 2 storage is rough and has poor applicability, which is difficult to satisfy the urgent needs of CGUS site selection in the whole process of CO 2 sequestration industrialization in the future. Thus, it is required to conduct studies on the transparency characterization of geological body structure and intelligent site selection for CO 2 storage, which is of great importance for CGUS engineering practice.

The characteristics of microscopic pore structure is one of the key parameters to evaluate the potential of reservoir rocks.As an unconventional reservoir,the basalt’s petrological characteristics,microscopic pore characteristics and variabilities are important for the exploitation of oil and gas,geothermal resources and the geological storage of CO 2 .Based on field investigation and sampling of basalt samples in North China （Zhangbei County of Hebei Province,Changle County of Shandong Province,and Zuoquan County of Shanxi Province）,this paper quantitatively evaluated the microscopic pore size and distribution of basalt samples by using large-area mineral scanning,low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment and high-pressure mercury injection experiment,and compared the microscopic pore distribution characteristics of different basalt samples.The influence of size distribution of pore throat on permeability contribution and calculated pore size,and the influence of microscopic pore type and connectivity on the test pore size were also discussed.The results show that all the tested basalt samples developed micro-nano scale pore structure,and the average pore volume obtained by the aforementioned low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method and high-pressure mercury injection experiment method is0.0037 cm3/g and 0.0073 ml/g,respectively.Through combined analysis of pore size by high-pressure mercury pressure and nitrogen adsorption,it revealed that the mesoporous（2～50 nm） of both Hannobar basalt sample and Linqu basalt sample were relatively developed,with the pore volume ratio of 52.71%and 48.77%,respectively.While,the submicron pores （100～1000 nm） of Zuoquan basalt sample were relatively developed,with the pore volume ratio of 54.54%.Based on high-resolution scanning electron microscopy,it showed that a certain amount of intergranular pores and vesicular structure developed in the micro-reservoir space,and which have poor connectivity.While,the grain margin fractures and structural micro-fractures are relatively developed and present good connectivity in some local area.In addition,there are some variabilities in the microscopic pore structure of basalt rocks,which may be influenced by different diagenetic backgrounds and tectonic environments.The calculated porosity of different basalt samples ranges from 0.38%to 4.82%,with a wide range of variation,but the overall porosity is extremely lower than the conventional sandstone reservoir.As an unconventional reservoir,basalt has poor micro-nano-scale porosity and permeability,which is unfavorable to fluid enrichment and transport.Among the pore structures,the pore throat plays a key role in fluid flow.The minimum pore throat ranges from 4 nm to7 nm and the maximum from 358 nm to 552 nm,corresponding to permeability contribution values of 49.46%and61.91%,respectively.Thus,it can be concluded that small pore throat and poor pore connectivity are important reasons for the poor microscopic permeability of basaltic rocks.In this study,the micro-scale pore space of the tested basalt rocks is tight,which is obviously different from the structural characteristics of macroscopic reservoir space of rock mass exposed in the field,reflecting that the natural fracture system makes a prominent contribution to the reservoir reconstruction and reservoir space.Therefore,it is of great significance to strengthen the research on the characteristics of macroscopic fracture system to understand the reservoir space of basalt.

二氧化碳地质利用与封存（Carbon Dioxide Geological Utilization and Storage, CGUS）是二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage, CCUS）技术的关键环节.二氧化碳埋存场地的地质体结构精细表征是CGUS技术的重要前提.本文对二氧化碳封存的多尺度三维地质体结构表征与埋存场地选址方面进行了综述,发现主要存在如下问题:二氧化碳埋存场地的多尺度三维工程地质结构和水文地质结构的透明化表征缺乏系统性的、高精度的方法;对二氧化碳注入扰动下的多尺度地质体结构的破裂演化和气液运移过程认识不清;二氧化碳地质封存潜力的动态定量化评价方法不足;二氧化碳埋存场地选址的地质适宜性评价方法粗放且适用性差,难以满足未来一体化、规模化、产业化全过程中CGUS选址的迫切需求.因此,需要对二氧化碳埋存场地的地质体结构透明化表征和智能选址进行研究,这对CGUS工程实践具有重要意义.

The difficulty in estimating ages of regional landslides hampers to assess frequency of landslides and hence to quantitatively assess regional landslide hazard. In this study, we used radiocarbon dating of organic sediment on boulder rock varnish to estimate landslide ages in Langxian (LX) arid region in southeastern Tibet. Samples of rock varnish with organic sediment were collected on site for radiocarbon dating, leading to landslide ages from 1880 ± 30 to 18,430 ± 30 yr B.P. To measure surface roughness characteristics of 109 remotely-mapped large bedrock landslide deposits, we estimated average standard deviation of slope (SDS) over an area of ∼640 km2 by calculating the slope gradient of each raster cell and using a rectangular moving window method in ArcMap from a 5 m-resolution Digital Elevation Model generated from helicopter-obtained photographs. Combing estimated landslide ages (t) with average surface roughness of mapped landslide deposits (R) quantified by SDS, we fit an exponential landslide deposits surface roughness-age function (t=1.47×106×e−1.46R, r2=0.63) that was used to estimate regional landslide ages in LX. We conclude that three periods with clusters of regional landslides in LX were revealed by different surface roughness of landslide deposits combing roughness-age function, with the values of 5563–7455 yr B.P., 1724–4151 yr B.P., and 960–1287 yr B.P.. Furthermore, we used our estimates of landslide ages to quantify landslide erosion rates of three corresponding hillslopes in LX ranging from 0.50 to 2.42 mm yr−1. Although rock varnish radiocarbon dating provides us a feasible option for timing regional landslides of arid regions, the epistemic uncertainty in the dating method should arouse our attention, which could be reduced by increasing the number of samples.

The susceptibility of a region to the occurrence of earth fissures is often used to assess the probability of geohazards across an area. The main objective of this study is to discuss and explore machine learning methods for earth fissure susceptibility assessment, including the single machine learning method and the ensemble model. A total of ten affecting factors including elevation, slope, topographic wetness index, rainfall, drawdown of groundwater level, the thickness of Quaternary sediments, distance from rivers, distance to faults, normalized difference vegetation index, and land use were selected. The weight of evidence (WoE) method was first used to determine the quantitative relationship between an earth fissure and its related parameters. The WoE, support vector machine learning combined with the WoE (SVM +WoE), and the random forest combined with the WoE (RF+ WoE) model were then used to classify earth fissure susceptibility. The area under the curve and root-mean-squared error was used to evaluate the three methods and to determine the most optimal approach for earth fissure susceptibility map. The results indicated that the RF+ WoE model had the highest predictive accuracy, followed by the SVM+WoE and the WoE models. The study area was finally classified into regions with very high, high, moderate, low, and very low susceptibility, accounting for 11.20%, 15.66%, 24.13%, 32.60%, and 16.07% of the area. Susceptibility mapping can apply machine learning methods combined with the WoE method for earth fissure assessment.

Underground engineering excavation can lead to sharp stress change in the rock mass around the excavation surface, which can cause different degrees of rock damage, ultimately resulting in instability failure. Especially for inclined stratified rock mass that is ubiquitous on Earth, the evolution characteristics, development law and formation mechanism of an excavation damage zone are highly complicated due to its significant asymmetry. Therefore, the evolution mechanism and deformation failure properties of a typical deep roadway in inclined rock strata in Jinchuan Mine of China were investigated by means of a field investigation, theoretical analysis, similar model test and numerical simulation. The results indicate that the deformation failure of a roadway in deep inclined rock strata shows a prominent asymmetry and time sequence. Ground stress has a great influence on the development mode and evolution characteristics of the surrounding rock damage zone. However, as a deep ground stress environment tends to cause hydrostatic pressure, its leading role is gradually weakened. The structural planes control the damage evolution mode of the surrounding rock, an excavation damage zone developed parallel to the interface is formed around the goaf, and an overall instability of the roadway is caused by the sliding of surrounding rock along the structural plane. The conclusions of this study should provide a theoretical reference and demonstrate the key technologies that support underground engineering under similar geological conditions.

Due to obvious differences in the properties of the filling body and surrounding rock, deformation always develops near the contact zone. Thus, determining the damage and failure characteristics of the contact zone between the backfill and surrounding rock is a precondition for safe production in mines. Taking Jinchuan mine as study area, the backfill-surrounding rock contact zones are divided into three models according to their different geometric shapes, namely, a linear model, embedded model, and multiple broken line model. A combined numerical simulation and physical model test method was adopted in this study. The research results show that the damage in the linear model begins at the seam, the failure is mainly concentrated in the filling body, and shear failure is dominant. The damage in the embedded model initially occurs around the inflection points, while the damage in the multiple broken line model initially occurs at the seams, and cracks always appear on the vertical contact surface first. Among the three contact models, the stability increases as follows: embedded > multiple broken line > linear. Moreover, the filling body enclosed by surrounding rock is the most stable, and the surrounding rock located in the footwall is more stable than the filling body located in the footwall. The conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for designing a mining scheme for Jinchuan mine and other mines with similar geological conditions and mining methods, and they provide a reference for studying the mechanical properties and stability of composite materials.

喜马拉雅山区构造断裂发育,地震活动频繁,新构造运动强烈,内外动力地质作用异常活动,使该区域公路边坡扰动灾害十分严重,对区域内公路的安全运行构成了极大的威胁.本文通过实地调研和理论分析,探讨了喜马拉雅山区高速公路边坡扰动崩滑灾害发育规律、防护措施破坏特征和破坏机理.从边坡的物质成分和地层结构类型出发,对全区公路边坡类型进行了分类,并提出了边坡失稳破坏的多种模式.通过空间统计分析发现,喜马拉雅山区公路边坡崩塌灾害的发生和分布与区域断裂、地震动强度、岩土结构类型及气候环境条件等因素密切相关,并给出了量化的变化指标.在此基础上,采用地球内外动力耦合作用的理论对喜马拉雅山区地质灾害的成因和演化机制进行了分析,认为差异隆升与河流下切导致岩体结构松弛效应及山体崩塌滑坡,是内外动力耦合作用的结果.在公路工程时间尺度上,气候变化是当前该地区最为活跃的外动力地质作用.在边坡扰动灾害防护方面,边坡灾害防护措施的稳定性、安全性等不确定性较大,调查中10％的边坡崩滑防治工程出现了不同程度的破坏.通过对防护措施破坏特征的分析,阐明了边坡灾害防护效果与防护措施自身稳定性差异性的原因,提出边坡坡面防护措施的选型与优化,需要综合考虑坡面岩土体的工程地质特点、灾害体类型、运动路径、致灾模式与工程匹配性等因素,应采用多重防护措施进行优化组合,使其最大程度地减少灾害的发生和可能的风险.

Multi-dimensional CoFeO x /CoO x with a 2D/1D structure exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and thermal stability in the catalytic elimination of o -DCB.

Stress thresholds are commonly used to quantify rock damage in many engineering constructions. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the crack damage stress threshold (σcd), peak strength (σucs) and shape parameter m. The effects of temperature, confining pressure and strain rate on m were also determined. The variation in the normalized quantity σcd/σucs of sandstone with shape parameter m is about 0.8; parameter m decreases with increases in confining pressure. The abrupt point of change in sandstone brittleness is approximately 40 MPa. When the confining pressure exceeds 40 MPa, m decreases slowly. When the strain rate is approximately 100 s−1, the strength and m-value of sandstone increase significantly. Also, m decreases with temperature. At approximately 600 °C, phase transformation of the quartz in sandstone occurs, plasticity increases and m decreases further.

Anchoring MOFs in ordered mesoporous channels is a novel scheme to improve the stability and dispersion of metal oxide nanoparticles. In this paper, highly dispersed CoFeOx nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous TiZrOx channels were prepared by in situ self-assembly confinement method and applied to the catalytic combustion of o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). By analyzing the BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR results, we found that the CoFeOx nanoparticles of CoFeOx@TiZrOx catalyst prepared by vacuum in situ self-assembly method were smaller and distributed in ordered mesoporous channels due to the confinement effect of TiZrOx compared with CoFeOx@TiZrOx-c catalyst. In addition, doping Fe in Co3O4 could improve the redox property, O mobility and acid site of the CoFeOx@TiZrOx catalyst, to improve the activity and stability of the catalyst. In short, the CoFeOx@TiZrOx catalyst not only had excellent catalytic performance for o-DCB destruction (T-90 = 381 degrees C), but also had outstanding stability to resistant Cl poisoning deactivation, which mainly attributed to abundant Co3+, Fe2+, lattice oxygen species, and strong acid sites. The MvK reaction mechanism of the CoFeOx@TiZrOx catalyst based on surface lattice oxygen was proposed by characterization analysis.

应用概率地震危险性评价模型进行地震滑坡危险性区划,是解决潜在地震诱发滑坡危险性评价中震源不确定性与诱发滑坡时空不确定性的有效方法.通过理论分析,结合鲁甸地震区的实际情况,对基于力学原理的Newmark滑块位移模型与概率地震滑坡危险性分析方法中的参数的不确定性问题进行了分析,将斜坡岩土体地震作用下的强度衰减效应、地震加速度地形放大效应、断层破碎带效应融合到了斜坡累积位移计算模型中,进行了模型计算参数的优化.改进后的分析模型,更好地反映了高陡斜坡地形与断层破碎带对地震滑坡灾害发育的控制作用,在鲁甸地震区域滑坡应用中,优化模型中的滑坡失稳极高风险区与实际地震滑坡分布表现出了较好的一致性,在超越概率2％的滑坡失稳概率分布中,鲁甸地区包谷垴-小河断裂、鲁甸-昭通断裂带及牛栏江河谷地带地震滑坡高-极高风险区分布面积增幅十分显著.因此,在Newmark滑块位移模型中考虑地震动参数与岩土参数动态响应规律与变量间的定量关系,对于提高区域斜坡稳定性分析的可靠性具有重要意义.

The backfill mining method transports treated tailings to the mined-out area, which not only improves the surrounding environment of the mine but also enables the mined-out area to continue mining and production under the support of the filling body. However, with the growth in the depth and scale of mining, ground subsidence, and backfill deformation are becoming increasingly serious problems. As an example, in the Jinchuan mine, a typical multi-stage filling mining mine in China, the deformation law of surface rock mass and backfill are studied through a method combining field monitoring and numerical simulation. The major findings are as follows: (a) A settlement funnel is formed on the ground, and its radius gradually expands with continuous mining and filling. The location of the settlement center moves toward the surface above the footwall of the ore body, and the maximum subsidence reaches 739 mm in 14.5 years. (b) Three-section mining significantly affects the surface deformation, and the single subsidence center on the upper wall develops into the double subsidence center with the mining and filling. When the three-section mining is finished, the maximum value of the surface subsidence reaches about 1.35 m and the mining area is still in a relatively stable state. (c) The whole filling body presents obvious subsidence, with the development of the multi-stage mining and filling. Bed separation phenomena are found between the filling layers, and the closer to the interior, the more obvious it becomes. The backfill’s subsidence characteristics are similar to the surface’s; that is, both the subsidence amount and speed are higher on the hanging wall than on the footwall. (d) The backfill mainly shrinks inward in the horizontal direction, and the deformation is mainly manifested as an internal uplift and an external subsidence in the vertical direction. The mass instability of the backfill is difficult because of the insufficient deformation space, and the influence of large-scale deformation on the mining and overlying strata needs to be considered, as well as the local deformation near the rock contact zone surrounding the backfill. The results provide technical support for filling mining in the Jinchuan mine and provide a reference for other projects with similar engineering conditions.

Deformation failure of roadways in fractured rock can lead to large-volume collapse and other engineering accidents. Failure mechanisms in fractured rock are complex and poorly understood, so to explore this issue, we simulated fractured rock masses using physical model tests in combination with numerical computations. A set of experimental techniques for roadway excavation under jointed surrounding rock included a mixed pouring-bricking method and a roadway excavation device, which can reproduce the structural characteristics of the prototype and replicate the excavation conditions of the roadway. Stress distribution characteristics of the roadway, from loading to excavation, were obtained based on strain monitoring and image acquisition, and the process of roadway deformation and failure was described in detail. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the deformation failure mechanisms of roadways under different excavation conditions. Results indicate that the deformation failure modes of roadways including collapse, rock burst, and floor heaving that were similar regardless of depth. Deformation failure modes of the roadway were determined by rock mass structure, and the deformation intensity was determined by geo-stress. Model testing and numerical simulation were consistent; hence, findings provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for roadway engineering in fractured rock masses.

断层对页岩气储层压裂改造有重要影响,甚至诱发深部地震事件和近地表环境问题.本文采用多物理场耦合方法,基于渗流和应力耦合理论,研究储层水力压裂过程中断层以及封闭顶板中水力破坏区域的产生与演化机理,并分析讨论流体沿高渗通道运移扩散机理,研究结果表明:(1)断层改变储层水力破坏区域形态并且扩展了水力压裂破坏空间.较高注水压力使储层水力破坏区域扩大到封闭顶板和底板,水力破坏区域受断层影响而沿着断层带快速发育延伸.高注水压力导致断层水力压裂破坏高度急剧增加,储层封闭性发生改变.(2)在页岩储层高风险地质构造和较高注水压力条件下,水力压裂作业产生岩石破裂和裂缝局部活化诱发的微地震事件,但难以导致破坏性地震事件,多属于断层或较大断裂局部区域产生的水力耦合破坏及可能诱发的较小地震事件.(3)水力破坏区域贯通到断层带内诱发流体沿断层带迁移,断层带的渗透率较高,水力破坏区域与上部高渗透岩层贯通会加快流体的逃逸速度,增大压裂液污染上部地层的风险,导致压裂效率降低,影响储层压裂改造,降低了页岩气开发价值.

In this paper, a simple method to enhance the H2O resistance of Ru/TiCeOx catalysts for o-DCB catalytic combustion by constructing superhydrophobic coating of phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES) was proposed. The effect of PhTES content on the pore structure, specific surface area, H2O resistance, contact angle (CA) value, and catalytic activity of the catalyst was studied. When water was added, the pristine Ru/TiCeOx catalytic activity decreased by about 26%, while the Ru/TiCeOx-16Ph activity hardly decreased. According to the analysis results of XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and CA, PhTES was closely coated on the surface of Ru/TiCeOx to produce a more hydrophobic surface. The Ru/TiCeOx-16Ph catalyst had strong hydrophobicity, and the contact angle was 159.8°, which not only significantly enhanced the water resistance and self-cleaning activity but also showed a good elimination temperature (T90 = 341 °C) for the o-DCB. The enhanced water resistance of Ru/TiCeOx-XPh catalysts resulted from the reduction of the active centers consumed (water occupying oxygen vacancy sites). The reaction mechanism of the Ru/TiCeOx-16Ph catalyst based on surface oxygen species and the Deacon reaction was proposed. This method provided new idea for the design of a new water-resistant composite catalyst and promoted the practical application of the composite catalyst in the catalytic oxidation of o-DCB.

The safety of underground roadways is a major issue in mining engineering, with economic impacts and potential threats to the lives of workers. Elucidating the deformation failure mechanisms is necessary to solve these problems. The deformation failure modes and characteristics of roadways buried at various depths were investigated using a detailed field survey in the Jinchuan nickel mine. At greater depths, roadway deformation was more serious, the creep phenomena were more prominent, and support structures were more prone to failure. Numerical simulations were performed on the roadways under various geo-stresses and rock mass structures, which indicated that the roadway deformation mode was mainly controlled by a rock mass structure in a lower stress environment and the control effect was weakened with the gradual increase of ground stress. Six deformation failure types were proposed to examine roadway deformation failure mechanisms. Field representation of each failure type was characterized under natural or induced conditions. The findings provide a reference for stability evaluation and support the design of roadway engineering under similar geological conditions.

Water inrush caused by mining below the seafloor is extremely harmful to mine production. Identifying the sources of mine water can help guide mine water management and sustainable mine development. Saline brines were known to be entering the Xinli Mine, a portion of which lies beneath Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, China. Preliminary classification of the bedrock brines was determined using hydrochemical analysis and the spatial position of the brines. Four bedrock brine types were identified: shallow, middle, middle high-salinity, and deep. The study area was divided into three levels (shallow, middle, and deep) according to the spatial distribution of the brines. Hierarchical-multi-index analysis (HMIA) was used, along with five pairs of chemical indicators (Cl, δ 18 O, Mg, Ca, SO 4 , Na), to identify the mixing lines for each level. A ternary hybrid model was used to calculate the mixing ratio of mine water from different sources in the shallow sublevels. The bedrock brine classification and water source identification were evaluated by analysis of brine genesis and mixing ratio deviation, respectively. The mixed modes of mine water in the shallow and middle sublevels were seawater-saline water-shallow brine and seawater-saline water-middle brine, respectively. The mixed modes in the deep sublevels were seawater-saline water-deep brine and seawater-saline water-middle brine with a transition between these two modes. Previous studies classified bedrock brine as only one category, and using the mixing ratio greatly improved accuracy. The average proportion of seawater in the mine water has increased over time, but the rate of increased has slowed. In the shallow sublevels, the proportion of seawater in the − 105 m sublevel was higher than that in the − 135 m sublevel, but the difference has decreased every year, indicating that the seawater mainly infiltrates by vertical recharge. The mine water samples from the footwall and in the middle of the − 105 m sublevel were nearly 50% seawater, while the mine water sites on the hanging wall had a relatively low seawater proportion, indicating that the water-conducting fractures were mainly in the footwall.

海底赋存大量未开采的矿产资源,利用前景广阔.与陆地采矿相比,海底采矿受上覆水体威胁巨大.因此,准确掌握采空区上覆围岩变形破坏规律,设置合理的顶部预留隔水矿柱,对海下采矿工程安全、高效生产具有重要意义.本文以山东三山岛金矿新立矿区这一典型的海底矿床为研究对象,基于滨海矿山复杂的工程地质特征,采用室内地质力学模型试验的方法,重现了海下充填开采过程,阐明了动态开采条件下海底矿山采空区围岩变形破坏规律和特征.试验结果表明,三山岛新立矿区的临界开采高度为-85 m,顶部预留隔水矿柱的最小厚度为50 m.若开采超过该临界值,采空区和顶部含水层将发生贯通性破坏,其失稳模式为断层活化.研究成果可为新立矿区预留矿柱高度的选取提供理论基础,也可为相似地质条件下矿山安全开采提供参考.