The rise of Web 3.0 in healthcare has made eHealth literacy essential. Patients experiencing prolonged hospital stays encounter unique challenges with digital tools. However, a critical gap remains in understanding their eHealth literacy due to the absence of assessment instruments tailored to contemporary healthcare systems. This study aimed to evaluate eHealth literacy and identify its sociodemographic determinants among adult inpatients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 532 adult inpatients in Hunan, China, using randomized cluster sampling. Data were collected with the Adult Inpatient eHealth Literacy Scale, an instrument developed to assess multiple literacy domains relevant to digital healthcare use in the Web 3.0 context. Multiple linear stepwise regression was performed to identify factors associated with eHealth literacy. The mean score of eHealth literacy was 141.12 ± 35.03, with a scoring rate of 64.15

Objective This study aims to categorise health behaviours in patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis and explore the factors that influence these behaviours.Design A cross-sectional study.Setting This study was conducted in four tertiary general hospitals in Urumqi, China.Participants This study included a total of 544 participants.Primary and secondary outcome measures Self-rated abilities for health practices, health behaviour motivation, social support and health behaviour were the primary outcome measures.Results Model 3 demonstrated superior fit across indices, supported by an Entropy value of 0.806 and a significant bootstrap likelihood ratio test (p<0.001). The generalised linear mixed model identified self-rated abilities for health practices (p<0.05), health behaviour motivation and social support (both p<0.001) as factors associated with health behaviour latent profile subgroups among patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis following hip or knee arthroplasty.Conclusion Three latent health behaviour subgroups, namely low, moderate and good, were identified among patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis following hip or knee arthroplasty. Self-rated abilities for health practices, health behaviour motivation and social support were associated with these subgroups. These findings may provide preliminary insights for developing targeted interventions to support health behaviour improvement in this patient population.

BACKGROUND:Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) are acknowledged as tools that leverage health data analytics to support clinical decision-making; however, systematic evidence regarding their deployment in pediatric oncology remains limited. This gap in the literature gives rise to unique challenges, particularly in addressing the individualized nature of pediatric cancer diagnosis, treatment, and the "doctor-nurse-patient" tripartite decision-making. AIM:To synthesize evidence on the application of CDSSs in the management of pediatric cancer patients, elucidate prevailing patterns of clinical utilization, and critically examine barriers to effective implementation in real-world practice. METHODS:This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP). Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and content analysis to ensure rigor and minimize bias. RESULTS:Seventeen studies were included, revealing four critical pertinent issues: (1) CDSSs demonstrate potential for application in pediatric cancer management; (2) the majority of applications are concentrated in the treatment phase (41.2%), with comparatively less emphasis on risk assessment, diagnosis, nursing workflow, and survivorship care; (3) user interaction and follow-up functionalities remain suboptimal and warrant further optimization; and (4) there is a critical need for multicenter randomized controlled trials to validate the clinical efficacy of CDSSs. CONCLUSIONS:This review delineates the characteristics of included studies, the specific features of CDSSs, and their clinical applications, including decision-making content, system functionalities, evaluation indicators of application effectiveness, in pediatric cancer. It also identifies critical gaps and future research directions to advance the field.

Against the global ageing backdrop, the demand for palliative care among terminally ill elderly patients is rising, but their participation in related decision-making remains generally low. Identifying influencing factors is urgent to improve resource utilization efficiency and care quality. A convenience sampling method was used to select 426 elderly patients in the terminal stage of life as study subjects. Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire, the palliative care Decision-Making Participation Scale, the Palliative Care Attitude Scale, the Three-Dimensional Meaning in Life Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale.Quantitative data that were non‑normally distributed are presented as median (interquartile range); categorical data are described using frequencies and percentages. Between‑group comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to examine correlations, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify influencing factors. The total score for palliative care decision-making participation among terminally ill elderly patients was 73.00 (64.00, 81.00), while the total score for attitudes towards palliative care was 35.00 (31.75, 39.00). The three-dimensional sense of life meaning score was 49.00 (47.00, 57.00), and perceived social support score was 60.00 (58.00, 64.25). All data are expressed as median (interquartile range). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age, educational attainment, decision-making preference, awareness of advance directives, attitudes towards palliative care, and three-dimensional sense of life meaning were significant factors influencing decision-making participation in palliative care among elderly patients at the end of life (all P < 0.05). Elderly terminal patients’ palliative care decision-making participation remains moderate and urgently needs improvement. The state should strengthen the palliative care system and promote advance directive legislation. Clinically, a tiered collaborative intervention model is needed to convert intentions into actions via multidimensional support, thereby enhancing their decision-making participation, safeguarding end-of-life autonomy and dignity.

BackgroundThe cornerstone of treating lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) lies in anticoagulation therapy to prevent thrombus progression and recurrence. However, patient adherence to medication is a critical factor influencing treatment efficacy. Traditional research often simplifies adherence into binary categories of "adherent" and "non-adherent," which fails to comprehensively reflect the complex behavioral patterns. Based on latent profile analysis (LPA), medication adherence in LEDVT patients can be categorized into distinct classes, enabling more precise identification of their characteristics. Therefore, exploring these latent classes and their influencing factors holds significant importance for optimizing intervention strategies and improving prognosis.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was used to study LEDVT. From March 14, 2024 to September 20, 2024, a random sampling method was used to recruit 469 patients with LEDVT from four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Urumqi, China. Participants completed questionnaires on general demographic information, the Medication Adherence Scale, the Perceived Health Competence Scale, the Herth Hope Index, the Patient Activation Measure, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-Specific. LPA was conducted to analyze the medication adherence characteristics of patients with LEDVT. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the influencing factors of their latent profiles. Data analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 25.0 software.ResultsLPA was employed to investigate medication adherence in LEDVT patients, revealing three distinct latent classes: the poorest adherence group (44.99%), the moderate adherence group (19.83%), and the good adherence group (35.18%). The logistic regression results demonstrated that, perceived health competence, hope, activation, beliefs about medication necessity, and concerns about medication were influential factors affecting the potential profile of medication adherence (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsLEDVT patients exhibit significant individual differences in medication adherence. Personalized intervention strategies can be designed based on different adherence classes to enhance medication adherence. Additionally, targeted interventions addressing perceived health competence, hope, positive affect, and medication beliefs can effectively improve adherence.

BACKGROUND:Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a global concern, straining healthcare resources and patient safety. Infection control nurses (ICNs) play a crucial role in NI management. However, comprehensive surveys assessing ICNs' competency are lacking. This study aimed to assess the competency of ICNs in China and identify influencing factors. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022 across 14 cities in Hunan Province, China. Using convenience sampling, 1010 ICNs completed an online self-designed questionnaire comprising 69 items. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ICNs' competency. RESULTS:A total of 946 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall competency score of ICNs was 272 points (P25-P75: 253-300). Among the six primary competency domains, "Personal characteristics and qualities" demonstrated the highest performance, with a median score of 30 (P25-P75: 28-35) and a score rate of 85.71%. "Knowledge of NI prevention and control," "Management and coordination ability," and "Motivation" each showed a score rate of 80.00%, with median scores of 64 (P25-P75: 60-73), 40 (P25-P75: 37-44), and 24 (P25-P75: 22-27), respectively. "Skills in NI prevention and control" had a score rate of 78.89%, with a median score of 71 (P25-P75: 64-78). "Teaching and research ability" ranked lowest, with a score rate of 71.68% and a median score of 43 (P25-P75: 39-48). Several influencing factors were identified, including "years of experience in NI management" (p < 0.001, β = 0.133, and 95% CI = 1.574-4.989), technical title (p < 0.001, β = 0.177, and 95% CI = 3.208-22.460), and average monthly income (p < 0.001, β = 0.196, and 95% CI = 4.557-11.875). CONCLUSION:Competency of ICNs is at the upper-middle level: The focus of improving the competency of ICNs is to strengthen the training of NI prevention and control skills, including NI detection, risk identification, and information construction, and to improve their teaching and research ability.

BACKGROUND:Nursing staff frequently encounter serious occupational exposure risks that may adversely affect both their physical well-being and mental health. Their awareness of these risks plays a pivotal role in shaping protective behaviors and influencing how they recognize and respond to workplace hazards. However, existing assessment tools have several limitations, including a lack of robust theoretical foundation and an inability to reflect the complexity of contemporary clinical environments. METHODS:This multiphase study developed and validated a scale based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The process included a structured literature review for item generation, a two-round Delphi consultation, a pilot survey (400 nurses) with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and a cross-sectional validation sample (1250 nurses) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient. RESULTS:The final scale comprised 32 items organized into five theoretically grounded dimensions: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. The results of EFA and CFA supported the proposed five-factor model. Fit indices suggested an acceptable model fit: chi-square/df = 2.941; RMSEA = 0.039; CFI = 0.974; NFI = 0.961; IFI = 0.974. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.927. The total Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient was 0.659, and dimension-level coefficients ranged from 0.832 to 0.937. CONCLUSION:The proposed HBM-based Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale (HBM-OERPS) showed initial validity evidence and good internal consistency for assessing nurses' perceptions of occupational hazards within an HBM framework. NURSING IMPLICATIONS:The HBM-OERPS provides an effective tool for future assessment of occupational exposure risk beliefs among nursing staff. This approach assists in identifying domain-specific risk-belief deficits and guides the design of targeted occupational safety education, resource allocation, and management strategies.

This study developed the Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis Motivation Scale (DVT-PMS) grounded in Protection Motivation Theory and evaluated its psychometric properties in post-arthroplasty patients. Using a sequential mixed-methods design, items were generated from literature review, semi-structured interviews, and expert panel consultation, then tested in a cross-sectional psychometric survey. The final DVT-PMS contains 41 items grouped into five dimensions: threat appraisal (perceived susceptibility and severity), behavioral incentives (external facilitators and prompts), response efficacy (belief in the effectiveness of anticoagulant prophylaxis), self-efficacy (confidence in performing preventive behaviors), and response cost (perceived barriers and burdens). Psychometric evaluation included item analysis, content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity testing, and reliability assessment. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution accounting for 72.25% of variance. Content validity indices were high, Cronbach’s α ranged 0.919–0.966 across the scale, and split-half reliability was 0.797. The DVT-PMS offers a practical tool to assess cognitive antecedents of protection motivation for post-discharge DVT prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVES:This study aims to identify factors influencing medication adherence for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in post-discharge patients after joint replacement surgery using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). DESIGN:This study employed qualitative semi-structured interviews with patients discharged after hip or knee replacement surgery. SETTING:Using purposive sampling to ensure a diverse representation of patient profiles, participants were recruited from patients who underwent total knee replacement surgery from April 2024 to May 2024 and were discharged 1-month prior. PARTICIPANTS:12 patients who had undergone total knee replacement surgery participated in the study. The median (IQR) age of participants was 57.5 (55-67.25) years. ANALYSIS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted via online video calls. These interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Themes were identified based on the dimensions of the PMT: susceptibility, severity, internal rewards, external rewards, response efficacy, self-efficacy and response costs. Two researchers independently coded and extracted themes, with discrepancies resolved through team discussions and verification with respondents. RESULTS:Participants acknowledged the importance of adhering to anticoagulant medication to prevent DVT and its complications, understanding the severe consequences, such as the life-threatening nature of pulmonary embolism and the impact on daily activities. Perceived health status influenced adherence, with some participants feeling their good health negated the need for anticoagulants. External factors, including the desire to avoid side effects and financial constraints, also played significant roles in adherence decisions. Belief in the effectiveness of anticoagulants motivated adherence, but confidence in managing medication varied among participants. Practical barriers such as physical limitations and psychological burdens significantly impacted adherence. CONCLUSIONS:Improving medication adherence requires a multifaceted approach addressing cognitive, motivational and practical barriers. Continuous education, financial assistance, support systems and tailored interventions are crucial. PMT provides a robust framework for understanding and enhancing adherence behaviours, ultimately improving health outcomes in post-discharge joint replacement patients.

Background:The rapid evolution of digital health technologies, particularly within the Web 3.0 framework, has underscored eHealth literacy (eHL) as a critical competency for patients engaging with digital health care platforms. Patients in sustained hospital stays, often in vulnerable conditions, face unique challenges in using eHealth tools effectively. However, existing eHL assessment tools are insufficient to address the intricate and dynamic demands of contemporary health care systems, especially for individuals under continuous hospital care. Objective:This study aimed to develop the Adult Inpatient eHealth Literacy Scale (AIPeHLS), a comprehensive, multidimensional tool grounded in the Lily Model, to evaluate eHL among adult inpatients within the context of digital health care innovations. Methods:The development of the AIPeHLS followed a systematic, multiphase process. Initial item pool generation was informed by a literature review and then refined using the Delphi method, resulting in a preliminary set of 53 items spanning 6 dimensions of the Lily Model. The scale was refined through a pilot survey among 100 individuals requiring inpatient care, followed by item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Validation was achieved via a cross-sectional study with 532 participants, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the scale structure, alongside evaluations of convergent, discriminant, criterion-related, and content validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach α, Omega, and split-half reliability. Results:The finalized AIPeHLS comprised 44 items across 6 dimensions: traditional literacy, information literacy, media literacy, health literacy, computer literacy, and scientific literacy, reflecting the skills necessary in the Web 3.0 context. Both EFA and CFA confirmed the 6-factor structure, demonstrating acceptable model fit indices (χ²=1974.654 (df=887), root mean square error of approximation=0.048, comparative fit index=0.957, normed fit index=0.925, and incremental fit index=0.957). The scale exhibited robust content validity, convergent and discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and high internal consistency, with a Cronbach α of .965, Omega coefficient of 0.962, and a split-half reliability of 0.791 for the entire scale. Conclusions:The 44-item AIPeHLS was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing eHL in adult inpatients in the evolving Web 3.0 context. Its comprehensive framework and strong psychometric properties make it an effective tool for health care providers to understand patients' digital health competencies and tailor interventions accordingly. For researchers, our findings provided opportunities to explore the relationship between eHL and health outcomes, while offering valuable insights into the development of more effective eHealth interventions and policies.

PURPOSE:This study aims to summarize the latest and best evidence on central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) in hospitalized children, which provides theoretical support for standardizing the preventive care practice of CRT in hospitalized children. METHODS:Relevant guidelines, systematic reviews and expert consensuses were reviewed through ten guideline websites, six professional association websites and seven databases. The literature evaluation was conducted, and the best evidence from qualified studies was extracted and summarized. Furthermore, the best evidence was summarized through expert consultation and localized for the preventive care practice of CRT in hospitalized children in China. RESULTS:A total of 14 topics and 68 best evidence were collected, including personnel qualification and quality management, pediatric patient selection, risk assessment, central venous access device (CVAD) selection and use, tip position, catheter maintenance, basic prevention, drug prevention, imaging examination, health education, nursing records, follow-up, CVAD removal and others. CONCLUSION:In this study, the best evidence based on evidence-based nursing was summarized, and expert consultation was adopted to localize the best evidence collected. It is of great significance to standardize the clinical practice of pediatric nurses and ensure the effectiveness of CRT preventive care for hospitalized children, thus guaranteeing the safety of hospitalized children with CVAD catheterization.

Objective: Developing a nursing undergraduate blended teaching quality evaluation tool based on the Context, Input, Process and Product model and evaluating its reliability and validity. Background: Blended teaching is a commonly used teaching method in medical education, but there are limited tools available to effectively measure the quality of blended teaching. Design: A Delphi study and cross-sectional study. Methods: Using the Context, Input, Process and Product model as the theoretical framework, a questionnaire was developed through literature review, expert consultation and pre-survey. From April to July 2023, 448 students from a certain university were selected as the research subjects and the questionnaire was examined for reliability and validity through a survey method. Results: The blended teaching quality evaluation scale with 35 items includes four dimensions Context, Input, Process and Product. The content validity and reliability of the blended teaching quality evaluation scale are both good, with a content validity index of 0.934 for the total scale and a content validity index of 0.750-1.00 for each item. The SEM shows that chi 2/df = 6.89, RMSEA = 0.115, CFI = 0.882, NFI=0.865, RFI= 0.855, IFI = 0.882, TLI = 0.873. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total scale is 0.991 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each dimension is 0.944-0.984. Conclusion: The scale is based on the characteristics of blended learning and quality evaluation covers all aspects of teaching. It can accurately evaluate the quality of teaching, evaluate the problems in the teaching process based on the teaching quality score and propose reasonable teaching improvement suggestions based on the weak links in the teaching process.

Aim:The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of pertinent research on the subject of nursing professionalism. Background:The number of studies documenting nursing professionalism has been consistently increasing over the years; however, a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the evidence presented in these reports is currently lacking. Evaluation. The scope reviews were conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang database. Key Issues. This review included 15 studies and identified 4 significant pertinent issues: (1) the need for further investigation into the implementation level of nursing professionalism; (2) the development of culturally sensitive instruments to assess nursing professionalism; (3) an in-depth exploration of the associated factors influencing nursing professionalism; and (4) the critical implementation of diverse intervention strategies to enhance nursing professionalism. Conclusions:This review presents a comprehensive overview of the implementation level, assessment tools, influential factors, and intervention strategies in nursing professionalism research. In addition, it emphasizes the future research direction in this field. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing administrators need to understand the significance of improving the professional education and training of nurses, fostering a conducive work environment, and providing support for their active development of professional skills and nursing professionalism. These factors collectively contribute to the long-term professional development of nurses and enhance the quality of patient care.

Background: Frailty is commonly observed in stroke patients and it is associated with adverse outcomes. However, there remains a gap in longitudinal studies investigating the causal relationship between baseline frailty and short-term prognosis in discharged adult stroke patients. Objective: To examine the causal impact of frailty on non -elective readmission and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events, and investigate its associations with cognitive impairment and post -stroke disability. Design: A multicenter prospective cohort study. Setting: Two tertiary hospitals in Central and Northwest China. Participants: 667 adult stroke patients in stroke units were included from January 2022 to June 2022. Methods: Baseline frailty was assessed by the Frailty Scale. Custom -designed questions were utilized to assess non -elective readmission and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events as primary outcomes. Cognitive impairment, assessed using the Mini -Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE), and post -stroke disability, measured with the Modi fied Rankin Scale (mRS), were considered secondary outcomes at a 3 -month follow-up. The impact of baseline frailty on non -elective readmission and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events was examined using bivariate and multiple Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, associations between baseline frailty and cognitive impairment, or post -stroke disability, were investigated through generalized linear models. Results: A total of 5 participants died, 12 had major adverse cardiac and cerebral events, and 57 had non -selective readmission among 667 adult stroke patients. Frailty was an independent risk factor for non -selective readmission (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.71, 95 % con fidence interval [CI]: 1.59, 4.62) and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (HR: 3.77, 95 % CI: 1.07, 13.22) for stroke patients. Baseline frailty was correlated with cognitive impairment (regression coef ficient [ beta]: -2.68, 95% CI: -3.78, -1.58) adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical factors and follow-up interval. However, the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment did not reach statistical signi ficance when further adjusting for baseline MMSE ( beta: -0.39, 95 % CI: -1.43, 0.64). Moreover, baseline frailty was associated with post -stroke disability ( beta: 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.08, 0.65) adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables, follow-up interval, and baseline mRS. Conclusions: The finding highlights the importance of assessing baseline frailty in discharged adult stroke patients, as it is signi ficantly associated with non -elective readmission, major adverse cardiac and cerebral events, and post -stroke disability at 3 months. These results highlight the crucial role of screening and evaluating frailty status in improving short-term prognosis for adult stroke patients. Interventions should be developed to address baseline frailty and mitigate the short-term prognosis of stroke. Tweetable abstract: Baseline frailty predicts non -elective readmission, major adverse cardiac and cerebral events, and post -stroke disability in adult stroke patients. @haiyanhexyyy (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) affects up to 90% of patients with cancer receiving long-term opioid-related analgesic therapy, resulting in various potential complications, compromised pain management and decreased quality of life. Laxatives stimulate or facilitate bowel evacuation. Traditional laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol and lactulose, are widely used because of their low cost, easy accessibility and tolerability. OIC prophylaxis with laxatives is recommended for patients receiving opioid therapy. However, systematic reviews that support this practice are lacking. They have primarily focused on patients with existing constipation and the effectiveness of other pharmacological therapies. Thus, we are conducting a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional laxatives in preventing OIC in adult patients with cancer.Methods and analysis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement was used to guide the reporting of this protocol. Database searches will be performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EBSCO from inception to a date within 6 months of the submission of the full systematic review (estimated 31 December 2024). Reference lists will also be accessed for additional studies, including Google Scholar, for the inclusion of grey literature. A combination of Medical Subject Headings/Emtree and free-text terms will be used when searching the core concepts of ‘OIC’, ‘laxative’ and ‘cancer.’ The eligibility criteria will be defined by the type of population (patients with cancer receiving opioid therapy), type of intervention (traditional laxatives) and type of study (randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials). Two reviewers will independently select eligible studies, extract data and assess the methodological risk of bias. A third reviewer will be invited to reach a consensus if necessary. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required, as patients will not be included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We will publish this study in a peer-reviewed journal and communicate the results at open conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024507127.

AIMS:This study aims to investigate the current situation of needlestick injuries (NSIs) of clinical nurses and identify associated factors by using the theoretical framework of the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS). DESIGN:A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS:Multi-stage sampling was used to investigate 3336 nurses in 14 Chinese hospitals. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to reveal the rate of NSIs and their associated factors. RESULTS:A total of 970 nurses (29.1%) reported having experienced at least one NSI in the past year. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that good hospital safety climate and clinical nurses in intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department had protective effects against NSIs compared with nurses in internal medicine department. The nurse, senior nurse, and nurse in charge have significantly increased the risk for NSIs compared with the associate chief nurse or above. Patients with poor vision but wearing glasses and poor vision but not wearing glasses were more prone to have NSIs. Working in the operating room compared with internal medicine, average weekly working time of >45 h compared with ≤40 h and poor general health led to increased risk of NSIs. CONCLUSION:The rate of NSIs in clinical nurses was high in China. Individual factors including professional title, department, visual acuity and general mental health and organisational factors including weekly working hours and hospital safety atmosphere were significantly correlated with the occurrence of NSIs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:Nursing managers should focused on physical and psychological conditions of clinical nurses, and organisational support is required to enhance the hospital safety atmosphere. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION:Contributions from patients or the public are irrelevant because this study aims to explore current situation and factors associated with NSIs in clinical nurses.

Aim: The aims of this study were: (1) to validate whether the Knowledge and Practices of Nurses on Deep Vein Thrombosis Risks and Prophylaxis Knowledge (KPNDVT-K) subscale could effectively measure the level of DVT knowledge of nursing interns; (2) to determine the level of DVT knowledge of nursing interns; and (3) to analyse the factors affecting the level of DVT knowledge of nursing interns. Background: The effective prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients requires nursing staff to have a solid knowledge base of DVT. The level of knowledge about DVT among nursing interns ultimately affects their ability to play an important role in DVT prevention as a qualified nurse. To improve DVT prevention, the current level of knowledge needs to be explored. Design: This was a cross-sectional survey. Methods: Basic information was collected from the nursing interns. The KPNDVT-K subscale was used to assess the level of knowledge of DVT among nursing interns. Results: The KPNDVT-K subscale was used to measure the DVT knowledge of nursing interns with good reliability and validity (difficulty p=0.304-0.426; differentiation D=0.422-0.540; Cronbach's alpha =0.724-0.950; R=0.766). The passing rate for the nursing interns' DVT knowledge was 75.1%, which was in the middle level. Sex (8=-1.471, P=0.007), Home location (8=-0.627, P=0.014), Understanding of channels (hospital teachers) (8=0.688, P=0.008), Internship (8=-1.625, P=0.035; 8=-1.435, P=0.038) were the main influences on nursing interns' knowledge of DVT. Conclusions: The KPNDVT-K subscale has high applicability in the measurement of DVT knowledge of nursing interns. The knowledge of DVT among nursing interns was satisfactory and the knowledge related to DVT preventive measures was good. Nursing educators should take active measures in both schools and hospitals to improve the DVT knowledge of nursing interns to reduce the occurrence of DVT in patients.

Objective:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of patients′ satisfaction with nursing humanistic care, and to provide reference for improving the quality of such care provided by hospitals.Methods:From July to August 2022, outpatients and inpatients in 30 provinces were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling as the survey objects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on an online platform, using the general information questionnaire and Chinese version of methodist health care system nurse caring instrument revised by the research group. The latter instrument consists of 12 dimensions. namely care coordination, competence, teaching/learning, emotional support, respect for individuality, physical comfort, availability, helping/trusting relationship, patient/family engagement, physical environment, spiritual environment and outcomes. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected by the questionnaires, and independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the influencing factors of patient satisfaction. Results:A total of 107 hospitals were selected for questionnaire survey, including 86 tertiary hospitals and 21 secondary hospitals, and 29 108 valid questionnaires were recovered. The patient satisfaction with nursing humanistic care scored (5.40±0.86); the top three dimensions were competence (5.50±0.89), emotional support (5.47±0.88) and helping/trusting relationship (5.46±0.86); the lowest scoring dimensions were teaching/learning (5.38±1.01), spiritual environment (5.36±1.04) and patient/family engagement (5.11±1.28). Differences with gender, age, marital status, child status, educational level, occupation, place of residence, economic region, per capita monthly income of the family, type of medical insurance, medical department visited and surgery or not presented significant differences on the patient satisfaction with nursing humanistic care scores ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The satisfaction of patients with hospital′s nursing humanistic care in China was at the middle to upper level. In the future, health education for patients should be strengthened, and a mode of family-engaged nursing humanistic care should be constructed in line with the Chinese cultural background. In the process of nursing services, the particularity of patient groups should be considered to better meet their needs.

Objective:To explore the current situation of nursing human caring in hospital wards and analyze its influencing factors, so as to facilitate the development of nursing human caring practice.Methods:From July to November 2022, a total of 107 hospitals were surveyed through stratified convenience sampling method, and 4 072 ward nursing managers were recruited to finish the general information questionnaire and the ward nursing human caring status questionnaire. The general information included the region, class and type of the hospital, etc. The ward nursing human caring status questionnaire included 38 items in 5 dimensions of nursing human caring system and process, humanistic quality and training of nursing staff, humanistic environment and facilities, human caring procedures and measures, and human caring quality evaluation and improvement, with a full score of 190 points. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general data, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the current status of nursing human caring in the ward, while multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct a multivariate analysis. Results:The score of nursing human caring in hospital wards was 156.91±27.78. Whether the hospital had carried out nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) wards, whether the ward had previously been a hospital nursing human caring pilot(demonstration) nursing unit, the type of ward, and whether nursing managers had participated in human caring training were the influencing factors of the implication of nursing humanistic caring in wards( P<0.05). Conclusions:The practice of nursing human caring in hospital wards is at a good level, but needs to be further strengthened. Nursing managers should take systematically strategies to promote the development of nursing human caring practice.